查看mysql字符集及修改表结构

查看mysql字符集及修改表结构

(2012-03-09 09:00:36)

MySQL 乱码的根源是的 MySQL 字符集设置不当的问题，本文汇总了有关查看 MySQL 字符集的命令。包括查看 MySQL数据库服务器字符集、查看 MySQL 数据库字符集，以及数据表和字段的字符集、当前安装的 MySQL 所支持的字符集等。

一、查看 MySQL 数据库服务器和数据库字符集。

mysql> show variables like '%char%';

+--------------------------+-------------------------------------+------

| Variable_name | Value |......

+--------------------------+-------------------------------------+------

| character_set_client | utf8 |...... -- 客户端字符集

| character_set_connection | utf8 |......

| character_set_database | utf8 |...... -- 数据库字符集

| character_set_filesystem | binary |......

| character_set_results | utf8 |......

| character_set_server | utf8 |...... -- 服务器字符集

| character_set_system | utf8 |......

| character_sets_dir | D:\MySQL Server 5.0\share\charsets\|......

+--------------------------+-------------------------------------+------

二、查看 MySQL 数据表（table） 的字符集。

mysql> show table status from sqlstudy_db like'%countries%';

+-----------+--------+---------+------------+------+-----------------+------

| Name | Engine | Version | Row_format | Rows | Collation|......

+-----------+--------+---------+------------+------+-----------------+------

| countries | InnoDB | 10 | Compact | 11 | utf8_general_ci|......

+-----------+--------+---------+------------+------+-----------------+------

三、查看 MySQL 数据列（column）的字符集。

mysql> show full columns from countries;

+----------------------+-------------+-----------------+--------

| Field | Type | Collation | .......

+----------------------+-------------+-----------------+--------

| countries_id | int(11) | NULL | .......

| countries_name | varchar(64) | utf8_general_ci | .......

| countries_iso_code_2 | char(2) | utf8_general_ci | .......

| countries_iso_code_3 | char(3) | utf8_general_ci | .......

| address_format_id | int(11) | NULL | .......

+----------------------+-------------+-----------------+--------

四、查看当前安装的 MySQL 所支持的字符集。

mysql> show charset;

mysql> show char set;

+----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+

| Charset | Description | Default collation | Maxlen |

+----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+

| big5 | Big5 Traditional Chinese | big5_chinese_ci | 2 |

| dec8 | DEC West European | dec8_swedish_ci | 1 |

| cp850 | DOS West European | cp850_general_ci | 1 |

| hp8 | HP West European | hp8_english_ci | 1 |

| koi8r | KOI8-R Relcom Russian | koi8r_general_ci | 1 |

| latin1 | cp1252 West European | latin1_swedish_ci | 1 |

| latin2 | ISO 8859-2 Central European | latin2_general_ci | 1|

| swe7 | 7bit Swedish | swe7_swedish_ci | 1 |

| ascii | US ASCII | ascii_general_ci | 1 |

| ujis | EUC-JP Japanese | ujis_japanese_ci | 3 |

| sjis | Shift-JIS Japanese | sjis_japanese_ci | 2 |

| hebrew | ISO 8859-8 Hebrew | hebrew_general_ci | 1 |

| tis620 | TIS620 Thai | tis620_thai_ci | 1 |

| euckr | EUC-KR Korean | euckr_korean_ci | 2 |

| koi8u | KOI8-U Ukrainian | koi8u_general_ci | 1 |

| gb2312 | GB2312 Simplified Chinese | gb2312_chinese_ci | 2|

| greek | ISO 8859-7 Greek | greek_general_ci | 1 |

| cp1250 | Windows Central European | cp1250_general_ci | 1 |

| gbk | GBK Simplified Chinese | gbk_chinese_ci | 2 |

| latin5 | ISO 8859-9 Turkish | latin5_turkish_ci | 1 |

| armscii8 | ARMSCII-8 Armenian | armscii8_general_ci | 1 |

| utf8 | UTF-8 Unicode | utf8_general_ci | 3 |

| ucs2 | UCS-2 Unicode | ucs2_general_ci | 2 |

| cp866 | DOS Russian | cp866_general_ci | 1 |

| keybcs2 | DOS Kamenicky Czech-Slovak | keybcs2_general_ci | 1|

| macce | Mac Central European | macce_general_ci | 1 |

| macroman | Mac West European | macroman_general_ci | 1 |

| cp852 | DOS Central European | cp852_general_ci | 1 |

| latin7 | ISO 8859-13 Baltic | latin7_general_ci | 1 |

| cp1251 | Windows Cyrillic | cp1251_general_ci | 1 |

| cp1256 | Windows Arabic | cp1256_general_ci | 1 |

| cp1257 | Windows Baltic | cp1257_general_ci | 1 |

| binary | Binary pseudo charset | binary | 1 |

| geostd8 | GEOSTD8 Georgian | geostd8_general_ci | 1 |

| cp932 | SJIS for Windows Japanese | cp932_japanese_ci | 2 |

| eucjpms | UJIS for Windows Japanese | eucjpms_japanese_ci | 3|

+----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+

以上查看 MySQL 字符集命令，适用于 Windows & Linux。

四.修改表和字段的字符集

//修改数据库

mysql> alter database name character set utf8;

//修改表

alter table 表名 convert to character set gbk;

//修改字段

alter table 表名 modify column '字段名' varchar(30) character set gbknot null;

//添加表字段

alter table 表名 add column '字段名' varchar (20) character setgbk;

注:执行命令过程中字段名不加引号