mysql查看和修改字符集的命令

Liunx下修改MySQL字符集：
1.查找MySQL的cnf文件的位置

find / -iname '*.cnf' -print

/usr/share/mysql/my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf

/usr/share/mysql/my-large.cnf

/usr/share/mysql/my-small.cnf

/usr/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf

/usr/share/mysql/my-huge.cnf

/usr/share/texmf/web2c/texmf.cnf

/usr/share/texmf/web2c/mktex.cnf

/usr/share/texmf/web2c/fmtutil.cnf

/usr/share/texmf/tex/xmltex/xmltexfmtutil.cnf

/usr/share/texmf/tex/jadetex/jadefmtutil.cnf

/usr/share/doc/MySQL-server-community-5.1.22/my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf

/usr/share/doc/MySQL-server-community-5.1.22/my-large.cnf

/usr/share/doc/MySQL-server-community-5.1.22/my-small.cnf

/usr/share/doc/MySQL-server-community-5.1.22/my-medium.cnf

/usr/share/doc/MySQL-server-community-5.1.22/my-huge.cnf

2. 拷贝
small.cnf、my-medium.cnf、my-huge.cnf、my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf其中的一个到/etc下，命名为my.cnf

cp /usr/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf

3. 修改my.cnf

vi /etc/my.cnf

在[client]下添加

default-character-set=utf8

在[mysqld]下添加

default-character-set=utf8

4.重新启动MySQL

[root@bogon ~]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql restart

Shutting down MySQL

[ 确定
]

Starting MySQL.

[ 确定 ]

[root@bogon ~]# mysql -u root -p

Enter password:

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or
/g.

Your MySQL connection id is 1

Server version: 5.1.22-rc-community-log MySQL Community Edition
(GPL)

Type 'help;' or '/h' for help. Type '/c' to clear the
buffer.

5.查看字符集设置

mysql> show variables like 'collation_%';

+----------------------+-----------------+

| Variable_name
| Value

|

+----------------------+-----------------+

| collation_connection | utf8_general_ci |

| collation_database | utf8_general_ci |

| collation_server |
utf8_general_ci |

+----------------------+-----------------+

3 rows in set (0.02 sec)

mysql> show variables like 'character_set_%';

+--------------------------+----------------------------+

| Variable_name

| Value

|

+--------------------------+----------------------------+

| character_set_client | utf8

|

| character_set_connection | utf8

|

| character_set_database | utf8

|

| character_set_filesystem | binary

|

| character_set_results
| utf8

|

| character_set_server | utf8

|

| character_set_system | utf8

|

| character_sets_dir
|
/usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |

+--------------------------+----------------------------+

8 rows in set (0.02 sec)

mysql>


其他的一些设置方法：


修改数据库的字符集

mysql>use mydb

mysql>alter database mydb character set utf-8;


创建数据库指定数据库的字符集

mysql>create database mydb character set utf-8;


通过配置文件修改:

修改/var/lib/mysql/mydb/db.opt

default-character-set=latin1

default-collation=latin1_swedish_ci

为

default-character-set=utf8

default-collation=utf8_general_ci

重起MySQL:

[root@bogon ~]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql restart


通过MySQL命令行修改:

mysql> set character_set_client=utf8;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> set character_set_connection=utf8;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> set character_set_database=utf8;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> set character_set_results=utf8;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> set character_set_server=utf8;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> set character_set_system=utf8;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> set collation_connection=utf8;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> set collation_database=utf8;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> set collation_server=utf8;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)


查看:
mysql>
show variables like 'character_set_%';

+--------------------------+----------------------------+

| Variable_name

| Value

|

+--------------------------+----------------------------+

| character_set_client | utf8

|

| character_set_connection | utf8

|

| character_set_database | utf8

|

| character_set_filesystem | binary

|

| character_set_results
| utf8

|

| character_set_server | utf8

|

| character_set_system | utf8

|

| character_sets_dir
|
/usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |

+--------------------------+----------------------------+

8 rows in set (0.03 sec)

mysql> show variables like 'collation_%';

+----------------------+-----------------+

| Variable_name
| Value

|

+----------------------+-----------------+

| collation_connection | utf8_general_ci |

| collation_database | utf8_general_ci |

| collation_server |
utf8_general_ci |

+----------------------+-----------------+

3 rows in set (0.04 sec)

-------------------------------------------------------------------------

【知识性文章转载】

MYSQL 字符集问题

MySQL的字符集支持(Character Set Support)有两个方面：

字符集(Character
set)和排序方式(Collation)。

对于字符集的支持细化到四个层次:

服务器(server)，数据库(database)，数据表(table)和连接(connection)。

1.MySQL默认字符集

MySQL对于字符集的指定可以细化到一个数据库，一张表，一列，应该用什么字符集。

但是，传统的程序在创建数据库和数据表时并没有使用那么复杂的配置，它们用的是默认的配置，那么，默认的配置从何而来呢？
(1)编译MySQL
时，指定了一个默认的字符集，这个字符集是 latin1；

(2)安装MySQL
时，可以在配置文件 (my.ini)
中指定一个默认的的字符集，如果没指定，这个值继承自编译时指定的；

(3)启动mysqld
时，可以在命令行参数中指定一个默认的的字符集，如果没指定，这个值继承自配置文件中的配置,此时 character_set_server
被设定为这个默认的字符集；

(4)当创建一个新的数据库时，除非明确指定，这个数据库的字符集被缺省设定为character_set_server；

(5)当选定了一个数据库时，character_set_database
被设定为这个数据库默认的字符集；

(6)在这个数据库里创建一张表时，表默认的字符集被设定为
character_set_database，也就是这个数据库默认的字符集；

(7)当在表内设置一栏时，除非明确指定，否则此栏缺省的字符集就是表默认的字符集；

简单的总结一下，如果什么地方都不修改，那么所有的数据库的所有表的所有栏位的都用

latin1 存储，不过我们如果安装
MySQL，一般都会选择多语言支持，也就是说，安装程序会自动在配置文件中把

default_character_set 设置为 UTF-8，这保证了缺省情况下，所有的数据库的所有表的所有栏位的都用 UTF-8
存储。

2.查看默认字符集(默认情况下，mysql的字符集是latin1(ISO_8859_1)

通常，查看系统的字符集和排序方式的设定可以通过下面的两条命令：

mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE
'character%';

+--------------------------+---------------------------------+

| Variable_name

| Value

|

+--------------------------+---------------------------------+

| character_set_client |
latin1

|

| character_set_connection | latin1

|

| character_set_database | latin1

|

| character_set_filesystem | binary

|

| character_set_results
| latin1

|

| character_set_server |
latin1

|

| character_set_system
| utf8

|

| character_sets_dir
|
D:"mysql-5.0.37"share"charsets" |

+--------------------------+---------------------------------+

mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'collation_%';

+----------------------+-----------------+

| Variable_name
| Value

|

+----------------------+-----------------+

| collation_connection | utf8_general_ci |

| collation_database | utf8_general_ci |

| collation_server |
utf8_general_ci |

+----------------------+-----------------+

3.修改默认字符集

(1) 最简单的修改方法，就是修改mysql的my.ini文件中的字符集键值，

如
default-character-set = utf8

character_set_server =
utf8

修改完后，重启mysql的服务，service mysql restart

使用 mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE
'character%';查看，发现数据库编码均已改成utf8

+--------------------------+---------------------------------+

| Variable_name

| Value

|

+--------------------------+---------------------------------+

| character_set_client | utf8

|

| character_set_connection | utf8

|

| character_set_database | utf8

|

| character_set_filesystem | binary

|

| character_set_results
| utf8

|

| character_set_server | utf8

|

| character_set_system | utf8

|

| character_sets_dir
|
D:"mysql-5.0.37"share"charsets" |

+--------------------------+---------------------------------+

(2) 还有一种修改字符集的方法，就是使用mysql的命令

mysql> SET character_set_client = utf8
;