使用UI Automation实现自动化测试--6 （模拟鼠标在自动化测试中的应用)

模拟鼠标在自动化测试中的应用

尽管UI Automation可以实现控件的自动化，但是，自定义控件的自动化往往由于自定义控件中对自动化的支持不够，而导致无法使用UI Automation的相关Pattern来操作此控件。此时我们可以使用模拟鼠标的操作来达到相应的效果。

. NET并没有提供改变鼠标指针位置、模拟点击操作的函数；但是Windows API提供了。在.NET中模拟鼠标通常是调用底层的API来实现。

注：在使用前必须添加using System.Runtime.InteropServices;命名空间。

///<summary> /// Add mouse move event ///</summary> ///<param name="x">Move to specify x coordinate</param> ///<param name="y">Move to specify y coordinate</param> ///<returns></returns> [DllImport("user32.dll")] externstaticbool SetCursorPos(int x, int y);

该函数可以改变鼠标指针的位置。其中x，y是相对于屏幕左上角的绝对位置。

移动鼠标到指定的位置并进行相应的鼠标操作

/// <summary> /// Mouse click event /// </summary> /// <param name="mouseEventFlag">MouseEventFlag </param> /// <param name="incrementX">X coordinate</param> /// <param name="incrementY">Y coordinate</param> /// <param name="data"></param> /// <param name="extraInfo"></param> [DllImport("user32.dll")] extern static void mouse_event(int mouseEventFlag, int incrementX, int incrementY, uint data, UIntPtr extraInfo );

这个函数不仅可以设置鼠标指针绝对的位置，而且可以以相对坐标来设置。另外，该函数还可以模拟鼠标左右键点击、鼠标滚轮操作等。其中的MouseEventFlag是一个常量，定义如下：

const int MOUSEEVENTF_MOVE = 0x0001; const int MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTDOWN = 0x0002; const int MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTUP = 0x0004; const int MOUSEEVENTF_RIGHTDOWN = 0x0008; const int MOUSEEVENTF_RIGHTUP = 0x0010; const int MOUSEEVENTF_MIDDLEDOWN = 0x0020; const int MOUSEEVENTF_MIDDLEUP = 0x0040; const int MOUSEEVENTF_ABSOLUTE = 0x8000;

上面列举的两个函数的详细说明，可参考MSDN帮助文档。

如下代码为在控件的指定位置上单击鼠标左键和右键。

public void ClickLeftMouse(int processId, string automationId) { AutomationElement element = FindElementById(processId, automationId); if (element == null) { throw new NullReferenceException(string.Format("Element with AutomationId '{0}' and Name '{1}' can not be find.", element.Current.AutomationId, element.Current.Name)); } Rect rect = element.Current.BoundingRectangle; int IncrementX = (int)(rect.Left + rect.Width / 2); int IncrementY = (int)(rect.Top + rect.Height / 2); //Make the cursor position to the element. SetCursorPos(IncrementX, IncrementY); //Make the left mouse down and up. mouse_event(MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTDOWN, IncrementX, IncrementY, 0, 0); mouse_event(MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTUP, IncrementX, IncrementY, 0, 0); } public void ClickRightMouse(int processId, string automationId) { AutomationElement element = FindElementById(processId, automationId); if (element == null) { throw new NullReferenceException(string.Format("Element with AutomationId '{0}' and Name '{1}' can not be find.", element.Current.AutomationId, element.Current.Name)); } Rect rect = element.Current.BoundingRectangle; int IncrementX = (int)(rect.Left + rect.Width / 2); int IncrementY = (int)(rect.Top + rect.Height / 2); //Make the cursor position to the element. SetCursorPos(IncrementX, IncrementY); //Make the left mouse down and up. mouse_event(MOUSEEVENTF_RIGHTDOWN, IncrementX, IncrementY, 0, 0); mouse_event(MOUSEEVENTF_RIGHTUP, IncrementX, IncrementY, 0, 0); }

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在上面的代码中，我们通过如下步骤来达到点击鼠标的目的：

1. 通过UI Automation来找到需要鼠标点击的控件；

2. 然后取得此控件的坐标；

3. 在设置点击坐标在控件的中心位置；

4. 移动鼠标的位置到控件的中心位置（此步骤可以不要，但是为了达到双保险的效果，我们还是移动一次）。

5. 调用Win32 API模拟鼠标点击控件。

注：Rect需要引用WindowBase.dll，添加using System.Windows;明明空间。

下面的例子演示了通过模拟鼠标左键点击button来弹出对话框，并且模拟鼠标点击对话框中的“OK”按钮关闭对话框。

using System; using System.Text; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Threading; using System.Windows.Automation; using System.Runtime.InteropServices; using System.Windows; namespace UIATest { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { Process process = Process.Start(@"F:\CSharpDotNet\AutomationTest\ATP\ATP.TestForm\bin\Debug\ATP.TestForm.exe"); int processId = process.Id; Thread.Sleep(1000); ClickLeftMouse(processId, "button1"); Thread.Sleep(3000); ClickLeftMouse(processId, "2"); Console.WriteLine("Test finised."); } #region ClickMouse #region Import DLL /// <summary> /// Add mouse move event /// </summary> /// <param name="x">Move to specify x coordinate</param> /// <param name="y">Move to specify y coordinate</param> /// <returns></returns> [DllImport("user32.dll")] extern static bool SetCursorPos(int x, int y); /// <summary> /// Mouse click event /// </summary> /// <param name="mouseEventFlag">MouseEventFlag </param> /// <param name="incrementX">X coordinate</param> /// <param name="incrementY">Y coordinate</param> /// <param name="data"></param> /// <param name="extraInfo"></param> [DllImport("user32.dll")] extern static void mouse_event(int mouseEventFlag, int incrementX, int incrementY, uintdata,UIntPtrextraInfo); const int MOUSEEVENTF_MOVE = 0x0001; const int MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTDOWN = 0x0002; const int MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTUP = 0x0004; const int MOUSEEVENTF_RIGHTDOWN = 0x0008; const int MOUSEEVENTF_RIGHTUP = 0x0010; const int MOUSEEVENTF_MIDDLEDOWN = 0x0020; const int MOUSEEVENTF_MIDDLEUP = 0x0040; const int MOUSEEVENTF_ABSOLUTE = 0x8000; #endregion public static void ClickLeftMouse(int processId, string automationId) { AutomationElement element = FindElementById(processId, automationId); if (element == null) { throw new NullReferenceException(string.Format("Element with AutomationId '{0}' and Name '{1}' can not be find.", element.Current.AutomationId, element.Current.Name)); } Rect rect = element.Current.BoundingRectangle; int IncrementX = (int)(rect.Left + rect.Width / 2); int IncrementY = (int)(rect.Top + rect.Height / 2); //Make the cursor position to the element. SetCursorPos(IncrementX, IncrementY); //Make the left mouse down and up. mouse_event(MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTDOWN, IncrementX, IncrementY, 0, UIntPtr.Zero); mouse_event(MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTUP, IncrementX, IncrementY, 0, UIntPtr.Zero); } #endregion /// <summary> /// Get the automation elemention of current form. /// </summary> /// <param name="processId">Process Id</param> /// <returns>Target element</returns> public static AutomationElement FindWindowByProcessId(int processId) { AutomationElement targetWindow = null; int count = 0; try { Process p = Process.GetProcessById(processId); targetWindow = AutomationElement.FromHandle(p.MainWindowHandle); return targetWindow; } catch (Exception ex) { count++; StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); string message = sb.AppendLine(string.Format("Target window is not existing.try #{0}", count)).ToString(); if (count > 5) { throw new InvalidProgramException(message, ex); } else { return FindWindowByProcessId(processId); } } } /// <summary> /// Get the automation element by automation Id. /// </summary> /// <param name="windowName">Window name</param> /// <param name="automationId">Control automation Id</param> /// <returns>Automatin element searched by automation Id</returns> public static AutomationElement FindElementById(int processId, string automationId) { AutomationElement aeForm = FindWindowByProcessId(processId); AutomationElement tarFindElement = aeForm.FindFirst(TreeScope.Descendants, new PropertyCondition(AutomationElement.AutomationIdProperty, automationId)); return tarFindElement; } } }

Summary

本节首先简单介绍了如何在.NET中模拟鼠标操作，进而通过实例演示了模拟鼠标在基于UI Automation的自动化测试中应用。