《Fundamentals of Project Management 4th Edition》 读书笔记 第十二章 管理项目组

CHAPTER 12 Managing the Project Team

PMP知识体系对于项目管理来说并不足够，如果你不能够处理人的问题，就很难管理项目。

The tools and techniques of projectmanagement are a necessary but not a sufficient condition for project success.As I have stated, if you can’t handle people, you will have difficulty managingprojects, especially
when the people don’t “belong” to you.

首先要进行团队建设。

Related to this is the need to turn aproject group into a team. Far too little attention is paid to team building inproject management.

没有形成团队的话，组员只是参与，而不投入。

Building an effective team begins on the firstday of the team’s existence. Failure to begin the team-building process mayresult in a team that is more like a group than a team. In a group, members maybe involved
in but not committed to the activities of the majority.

通过共同制定计划来进行团队建设

Promoting Teamwork through Planning

A primary rule of planning is that thoseindividuals who must implement the plan should participate in preparing it.Yet, leaders often plan projects by themselves, then wonder why their team membersseem to
have no commitment to the plans.

共同制定项目任务说明

If possible, the entire team should participatein developing the team’s mission statement. This is a tremendous team-building activityin itself!

要将个人的目标与项目的目标统一起来

A manager should try to satisfy the needsof the organization, while simultaneously helping individuals satisfy their ownneeds through participation in the project.

项目leader必须建立一个开放沟通的氛围，不要有人害怕说话。如果不懂或不清楚的话，要说出来。

Project leaders must establish a climate ofopen communication with the team in which no one feels intimidated about speakingup. The best way to do this is to comment on the problem: “I know some of youmay
feel reluctant to speak up and say you don’t understand, but we can’toperate that way. Please feel free to be candid. If you don’t understand, sayso. If you don’t agree with something, say so. That is the only way we can succeed.We will be lucky to have time
to do the job once, much less find time to do itover because one of you failed to understand what was expected.”

没有愚蠢的问题，但不说出来就是愚蠢。

There is no such thing as a stupid question—exceptperhaps the one you were afraid to ask.

人与人之间摩擦是常会发生的。误解、冲突、个性不合、嫉妒等等。

Friction occurs in nearly every interactionbetween human beings. There are misunderstandings, conflicts, personalityclashes, and petty jealousies. Project managers must be prepared to deal with these.

要让组员掌握合适的人际技能，对此要进行培训。

One thing to be aware of is that manypersonality clashes are the result of people’s lack of good interpersonalskills. We have never been taught how to sit down and work out differences withothers, so, when
the inevitable conflict happens, the situation just blows up.The best way to minimize the impact of such problems is to provide training forall team members (including yourself) in interpersonal skills.

要让组员彼此熟悉，要给他们创造彼此社交的机会。启动会议和聚餐是不错的方法。

Leaders who are very task oriented tend to make a majorerror here: They just tell the team to“get to work,”without helping members get to know one another. They view
such purely “social”activities as a waste of time; surely members can attend to such thingsthemselves. Although it seems obvious, it is hard to see yourself as a teamwhen you don’t know some of the “players.” Getting the team started with akickoff party or
dinner is one way to let members become acquainted in a purelysocial way, with no pressure to perform actual task work.

让组员投入团队的5个方法。

Five rules for developing commitment to ateam or organization. Those rules are:

让大家经常接触，协作完成任务。

1. Have team members interact frequently sothat they gain a sense of being a team.

保证个人的需要通过加入team被满足

2. Be sure that individual needs are beingmet through participation in the team.

让大家知道项目的重要性，人们不喜欢从事没有意义的工作。

3. Let all members know why the project isimportant. People don’t like working on a “loser.”

保证所有人目标一致

4. Make sure all members share the goals ofthe team. One bad apple can spoil the barrel.

保证组内的竞争最小，与外部竞争而不是内部。

5. Keep competition within the team to aminimum. Competition and cooperation are opposites. Let members compete withpeople outside the team, not within it.