《Fundamentals of Project Management 4th Edition》 读书笔记 第四章 为项目开发使命、远景和目标

CHAPTER 4 Developing a Mission, Vision,Goals, and Objectives for the Project

为项目开发使命、远景和目标

很多人都在项目的早期认为自己清楚他们的任务是什么，但往往不是这样。

The terms used to define that destinationare “mission,” “vision,” “goals,” and “objectives.” And it is at this veryearly stage that projects tend to fail, because everyone takes for granted that“we all know
what the mission is.”

我们定义问题的方式决定了如何解决它。

[1]The way a problem is defined determines how you will solve it.

问题是现实与愿景间的差距。

[1]A problem is a gap between where you are and where you want to be, withobstacles making it hard to reach the goal. A goal by itself is not a problem.Obstacles must exist for there to be a problem.

愿景指最终结果看起来是什么样子的，它定义了完成的意义。

[1]Vision is what the final result will “look like.” It defines “done.”

使命就是去达到愿景。

[1]The mission is to achieve the vision. It answers the two questions “What are wegoing to do?” and “For whom are we going to do it?”

人们倾向于跳过定义问题，结果导致项目的失败。

Every project solves a problem of somekind, but people are inclined to skip over the definition of the problem. Thisis a big mistake. The way you define a problem determines how you will solve it,so it is critical
that a proper definition be developed.

项目objectives要比mission更为具体定义了项目目标。

Once a mission statement has beendeveloped, you can write your project objectives. Note that objectives are muchmore specific than the mission statement itself and define results that must beachieved in order
for the overall mission to be accomplished. Also, anobjective defines the desired end result.

目标要具体、可测量、可达到、实际且带有时间限制的。

We say that an objective must be SMART, eachletter standing for a condition as follows:

Specific

Measurable

Attainable

Realistic

Time limited

常见且主要的风险是：进度、预算、质量和用户满意度。

It is helpful to assess risks of failure ofthe following:

[1]The schedule

[1]The budget

[1]Project quality

[1]Customer satisfaction

你不必试着去识别出所有可能的风险，只需识别出最可能的那些。

You are not trying to identify everypossible risk, just some of the more likely ones. This point should be made to teammembers who are highly analytical or who perhaps have a tendency to be negativein general.