WPF and Silverlight 学习笔记（十六）：WPF资源（Resource）（1）

一、什么是资源

通常使用 WPF 资源作为重用通常定义的对象和值的简单方法。例如定义一种可以复用的单色的Brush对象，按钮的背景及矩形的填充颜色均使用此Brush：

1: <Window x:Class="WPFResource.WinBasicResource"

2:     xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"

3:     xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"

4:     Title="Basic Resource" Height="200" Width="300">

5:     <Window.Resources>

6:         <SolidColorBrush x:Key="myBrush" Color="Gold" />

7:     </Window.Resources>

8:     <StackPanel>

9:         <Button Margin="5" Content="Sample Button" Background="{StaticResource myBrush}" />

10:         <Rectangle Margin="5" Width="100" Height="100" Fill="{StaticResource myBrush}" />

11:     </StackPanel>

12: </Window>

在WPF中资源通常用作“样式”（Style）、样式模板、数据模板等。

二、资源的定义及XAML中引用

资源可以定义在以下几个位置：

应用程序级资源：定义在App.xaml文件中，作为整个应用程序共享的资源存在

在App.xaml文件中定义：

1: <Application x:Class="WPFResource.App"

2:     xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"

3:     xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"

4:     StartupUri="Window1.xaml">

5:     <Application.Resources>

6:         <SolidColorBrush Color="Gold" x:Key="myGoldBrush" />

7:     </Application.Resources>

8: </Application>

在ApplicationResourceDemo.xaml文件（窗体）中使用App.xaml中定义的Resource

1: <Window x:Class="WPFResource.ApplicationResourceDemo"

2:     xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"

3:     xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"

4:     Title="Application Resource Demo" Height="300" Width="300">

5:     <StackPanel>

6:         <Button Margin="5" Background="{StaticResource myGoldBrush}">Sample Button</Button>

7:     </StackPanel>

8: </Window>

窗体级资源：定义在Window或Page中，作为一个窗体或页面共享的资源存在

1: <Window x:Class="WPFResource.WindowResourceDemo"

2:     xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"

3:     xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"

4:     Title="WindowResourceDemo" Height="300" Width="300">

5:     <Window.Resources>

6:         <SolidColorBrush x:Key="myRedBrush" Color="Red" />

7:     </Window.Resources>

8:     <StackPanel>

9:         <Button Margin="5" Background="{StaticResource myRedBrush}">Sample Button</Button>

10:     </StackPanel>

11: </Window>

文件级资源：定义在资源字典的XAML文件中，再引用

在Visual Studio的WPF应用程序项目中，添加“资源字典（Resource Dictionary）”类型的项





在其XAML文件中定义：

1: <ResourceDictionary xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"

2:     xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml">

3:     <SolidColorBrush x:Key="myWhiteBrush" Color="White" />

4: </ResourceDictionary>

在FileResourceDemo.xaml文件（窗体）中，将其注册为窗体级的资源，并引用

1: <Window x:Class="WPFResource.FileResourceDemo"

2:     xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"

3:     xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"

4:     Title="FileResourceDemo" Height="300" Width="300">

5:     <Window.Resources>

6:         <ResourceDictionary Source="MyResourceDictionary.xaml" />

7:     </Window.Resources>

8:     <StackPanel>

9:         <Button Margin="5" Background="{StaticResource myWhiteBrush}">Sample Button</Button>

10:     </StackPanel>

11: </Window>

对象（控件）级资源：定义在某个ContentControl中，作为其子容器、子控件共享的资源

在Button中定义一个资源，供Button内的Content控件使用

1: <Window x:Class="WPFResource.ControlResourceDemo"

2:     xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"

3:     xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"

4:     Title="ControlResourceDemo" Height="300" Width="300">

5:     <StackPanel>

6:         <Button Margin="5">

7:             <Button.Resources>

8:                 <SolidColorBrush x:Key="myGreenBrush" Color="Green" />

9:             </Button.Resources>

10:             <Button.Content>

11:                 <TextBlock Text="Sample Text" Background="{StaticResource myGreenBrush}" />

12:             </Button.Content>

13:         </Button>

14:     </StackPanel>

15: </Window>

三、XAML解析资源的顺序

在XAML中解析资源按照由引用资源的控件向外层容器依次调用资源。例如在在应用程序级别、窗体级别及对象级别分为定义x:Key相的同资源：

在App.xaml文件中：

1: <Application x:Class="WPFResource.App"

2:     xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"

3:     xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"

4:     StartupUri="MultiResourceReference.xaml">

5:     <Application.Resources>

6:         <!-- 应用程序级资源 -->

7:         <SolidColorBrush Color="Gold" x:Key="myGoldBrush" />

8:         <SolidColorBrush Color="Blue" x:Key="myBrush" />

9:     </Application.Resources>

10: </Application>

在窗体的XAML文件中：

1: <Window x:Class="WPFResource.MultiResourceReference"

2:     xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"

3:     xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"

4:     Title="MultiResourceReference" Height="265" Width="300">

5:     <Window.Resources>

6:         <!-- 窗体级资源 -->

7:         <SolidColorBrush Color="White" x:Key="myWhiteBrush" />

8:         <SolidColorBrush Color="Green" x:Key="myBrush" />

9:     </Window.Resources>

10:     <StackPanel>

11:         <!-- 使用应用程序级定义的资源 -->

12:         <Button Margin="5" Content="Sample Button" Background="{StaticResource myGoldBrush}" />

13:

14:         <!-- 使用窗体级定义的资源 -->

15:         <Button Margin="5" Content="Sample Button" Background="{StaticResource myWhiteBrush}" />

16:

17:         <!-- 窗体级资源的值覆盖应用程序级资源的值 -->

18:         <Button Margin="5" Content="Sample Button" Background="{StaticResource myBrush}" />

19:

20:         <StackPanel Background="#FF999999">

21:             <StackPanel.Resources>

22:                 <!-- 对象级资源 -->

23:                 <SolidColorBrush Color="Yellow" x:Key="myYellowBrush" />

24:                 <SolidColorBrush Color="Red" x:Key="myBrush" />

25:             </StackPanel.Resources>

26:

27:             <!-- 使用应用程序级定义的资源 -->

28:             <Button Margin="5" Content="Sample Button" Background="{StaticResource myGoldBrush}" />

29:

30:             <!-- 使用窗体级定义的资源 -->

31:             <Button Margin="5" Content="Sample Button" Background="{StaticResource myWhiteBrush}" />

32:

33:             <!-- 使用对象级定义的资源 -->

34:             <Button Margin="5" Content="Sample Button" Background="{StaticResource myYellowBrush}" />

35:

36:             <!-- 使用对象级定义的资源覆盖窗体级、应用程序级定义的资源 -->

37:             <Button Margin="5" Content="Sample Button" Background="{StaticResource myBrush}" />

38:         </StackPanel>

39:     </StackPanel>

40: </Window>