使用Win API创建顶级菜单（不使用资源文件）

作者：朱金灿

来源：http://blog.csdn.net/clever101

最近使用Code::Blocks进行业余学习（VS200x对我的机子来说太庞大了）。我就编编些Win API程序。Code::Blocks貌似需要额外的资源脚本编辑器才能编写资源脚本（叫ResEdit）。得了我也不想用这种不太成熟的外部工具，打算学习直接用代码创建UI控件。今天就学习如何创建顶层菜单吧。摸索了一下，就弄懂了。

1. 使用Code::Blocks创建一个Win32 GUI Project，就叫MyApp吧，此步略过不提。

2. 添加一个resoure.h，用于保存资源ID(资源脚本不要，资源ID总是需要的)，添加如何代码：

#define  IDM_FILE_NEW   1024
#define  IDM_FILE_OPEN  1025

3．添加创建顶层菜单的代码，首先添加顶层菜单句柄和创建函数，代码如下：

HMENU g_hTopMenu = NULL; // 顶层菜单全局变量

BOOL CreateTopMenu()
{
g_hTopMenu = CreateMenu();

//创建弹出菜单句柄
HMENU hMenuPopup = CreateMenu();

//在弹出菜单中加入菜单项
::AppendMenu(hMenuPopup, MF_STRING, IDM_FILE_NEW,"&New");
::AppendMenu(hMenuPopup, MF_STRING, IDM_FILE_OPEN,"&Open");

//将弹出菜单的句柄加入到顶级菜单
::AppendMenu(g_hTopMenu,MF_POPUP,(UINT)hMenuPopup,"&File");
}

其次在WinMain函数中调用：

int WINAPI WinMain (HINSTANCE hThisInstance,
HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
LPSTR lpszArgument,
int nCmdShow)
{
HWND hwnd;               /* This is the handle for our window */
MSG messages;            /* Here messages to the application are saved */
WNDCLASSEX wincl;        /* Data structure for the windowclass */

/* The Window structure */
wincl.hInstance = hThisInstance;
wincl.lpszClassName = szClassName;
wincl.lpfnWndProc = WindowProcedure;      /* This function is called by windows */
wincl.style = CS_DBLCLKS;                 /* Catch double-clicks */
wincl.cbSize = sizeof (WNDCLASSEX);

/* Use default icon and mouse-pointer */
wincl.hIcon = LoadIcon (NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
wincl.hIconSm = LoadIcon (NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
wincl.hCursor = LoadCursor (NULL, IDC_ARROW);
wincl.lpszMenuName = NULL;                 /* No menu */
wincl.cbClsExtra = 0;                      /* No extra bytes after the window class */
wincl.cbWndExtra = 0;                      /* structure or the window instance */
/* Use Windows's default colour as the background of the window */
wincl.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH) COLOR_BACKGROUND;

/* Register the window class, and if it fails quit the program */
if (!RegisterClassEx (&wincl))
return 0;

//创建主菜单
CreateTopMenu();

/* The class is registered, let's create the program*/
hwnd = CreateWindowEx (
0,                   /* Extended possibilites for variation */
szClassName,         /* Classname */
"Code::Blocks Template Windows App",       /* Title Text */
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, /* default window */
CW_USEDEFAULT,       /* Windows decides the position */
CW_USEDEFAULT,       /* where the window ends up on the screen */
544,                 /* The programs width */
375,                 /* and height in pixels */
HWND_DESKTOP,        /* The window is a child-window to desktop */
g_hTopMenu,                /* No menu */
hThisInstance,       /* Program Instance handler */
NULL                 /* No Window Creation data */
);

/* Make the window visible on the screen */
ShowWindow (hwnd, nCmdShow);

/* Run the message loop. It will run until GetMessage() returns 0 */
while (GetMessage (&messages, NULL, 0, 0))
{
/* Translate virtual-key messages into character messages */
TranslateMessage(&messages);
/* Send message to WindowProcedure */
DispatchMessage(&messages);
}

/* The program return-value is 0 - The value that PostQuitMessage() gave */
return messages.wParam;
}

接着添加菜单的命名消息响应代码，如下：

LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProcedure (HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
switch (message)                  /* handle the messages */
{
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage (0);       /* send a WM_QUIT to the message queue */
break;
case   WM_COMMAND:
switch(  LOWORD( wParam ))
{
case   IDM_FILE_NEW:
::MessageBox(hwnd,_T("新建文件"),_T("提示"),MB_OK);
break;
case   IDM_FILE_OPEN:
::MessageBox(hwnd,_T("打开文件"),_T("提示"),MB_OK);
break;
default:
break;
}
break;
default:                      /* for messages that we don't deal with */
return DefWindowProc (hwnd, message, wParam, lParam);
}
return 0;
}

这样就实现了不适用资源脚本文件也能创建Win API的应用程序菜单。

参考文献：

1. Windows API 学习笔记—菜单