采用“Website Baker”优化LNMP架构

优化LNMP架构采用“Website Baker”为小型公司创建高性能网站方案

参考图片：
1.


一、安装部署各种软件:

1.系统环境:

硬件:HP 360G4/2G

System:Centos 5.4

Web:nginx-1.1.6.tar.gz

FastCGI:php-5.3.8.tar.gz

DB:mysql-5.5.3-m3.tar.gz

2. 安装编译环境

#yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ autoconf automake openssl-devel zlib-devel pcre-devel //pcre让nginx支持正则

#yum -yt groupinstall "Developement Tools" "Development Libraries"
1.编译安装mysql

//a.编译安装mysql的优点：源码包的默认编译参数默认以dubgu模式）给mysql的性能带来很大的损失，

// 此处使用 --without-debug参数禁用debug模式

//b.以静态方式编译（比动态方式提高5%-10%的性能）

// 此处使用 --with-mysqld-ldflgs=--all-staic 和 --with-client-ldflds=--all-staic参数

//c.使用unix套接字链接提高7.5%性能

// 此处使用--with-unix-socket-path=/usr/local/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock

//d.允许使用汇编模式

// 此处使用 --enable-assembler (优化性能)

//e.至于 --pgcc 目前没有在生产上使用过（据说可以提高1%）

//f.编译安装，可以在同一台服务器上安装多个mysql（前提要保证存放位置、sock不同）

#groupadd mysql //为mysql创建用户组

#useradd -g mysql mysql //将mysql用户添加到mysql组中

#tar zxvf mysql-5.5.3-m3.tar.gz

#cd mysql-5.5.3-m3

./configure \

--prefix=/usr/local/mysql \

--without-debug \ //取消debug模式编译

--enable-assembler \

--with-mysqld-ldflags=-all-static \

--with-client-ldflags=-all-static \

--with-unix-socket-path=/usr/local/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock \

--with-extra-charsets=utf8,gbk
//如果没有问题则会显示

// Thank you for choosing MySQL!

// 以下时间将为很长，请为mysql创建配置文件或数据目录

#make && make install //如果编译安装没有问题则NEXT

#chmod 755 /usr/local/mysql

#chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql //修改安装目录的用户和用户组为mysql

#mkdir -pv /mysql_data/{data,binlog,relaylog} //为mysql提供数据存放目录

#/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db \ //推荐是用其它新分区，避免IO重读/分区

--basedir=/usr/local/mysql \

--datadir=/mysql_data --user=mysql

----------------------------------------------

//创建并优化my.cnf文件

#vi /mysql_data/my.cnf //创建后保存

[client]

character-set-server = utf8

port = 3306

socket = /usr/local/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock

[mysqld]

character-set-server = utf8

replicate-ignore-db = mysql

replicate-ignore-db = test

replicate-ignore-db = information_schema

user = mysql

port = 3306

socket = /usr/local/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock

basedir = /usr/local/mysql

datadir = /mysql_data/data

log-error = /mysql_data/mysql.error.log

pid-file = /mysql_data/mysql.pid

skip-locking //避免mysql外部锁定

open_files_limit = 10240

back_log = 384 //推荐小于512

max_connections = 5000

max_connect_errors = 6000

table_cache = 614

external-locking = FALSE

max_allowed_packet = 32M

sort_buffer_size = 1M

join_buffer_size = 1M

thread_cache_size = 300

query_cache_size = 512M

query_cache_limit = 2M

query_cache_min_res_unit = 2k

default-storage-engine = MyISAM

thread_stack = 192K

transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED

tmp_table_size = 246M

max_heap_table_size = 246M

long_query_time = 3

log-slave-updates

log-bin = /mysql_data/binlog/binlog

binlog_cache_size = 4M

binlog_format = MIXED

max_binlog_cache_size = 8M

max_binlog_size = 1G

relay-log-index = /mysql_data/relaylog/relaylog

relay-log-info-file = /mysql_data/relaylog/relaylog

relay-log = /mysql_data/relaylog/relaylog

expire_logs_days = 30

key_buffer_size = 256M //索引缓冲区为256M 或（4G内存可512M）

read_buffer_size = 1M

read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M

bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M

myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M

myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G

myisam_repair_threads = 1

myisam_recover
interactive_timeout = 120

wait_timeout = 120

skip-name-resolve //避免做DNS 解析，提供IP地址连接
slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062,126,1114,1146,1048,1396

server-id = 1
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M

innodb_buffer_pool_size = 512M

innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:256M:autoextend

innodb_file_io_threads = 4

innodb_thread_concurrency = 8

innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2

innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M

innodb_log_file_size = 128M

innodb_log_files_in_group = 3

innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90

innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120

innodb_file_per_table = 0
[mysqldump]

quick

max_allowed_packet = 32M
#######################################

2.漫长的等待后启动mysql(SysV格式的脚本见附件）

#/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql start

//管理mysql并修改密码和给新用户创建权限

#/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -p -S /usr/local/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock

enter password: <Enter> //默认为空

#/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -uroot -p paswword 'hanfeng' //创建新密码为hanfeng

--------------------------------------------------

3.编译安装PHP

// 为PHP安装 事件触发网络库

#tar zxvf libevent-2.0.15-stable.tar.gz

#cd libevent-2.0.15-stable

#./configure && make && make install

// 为PHP安装 字符编码转换

#tar zxvf libconv-1.13.1.tar.gz

#cd libconv-1.13.1

#./configure && make && make install

// 安装FastCGIのPHP

// 此处采用

#tar zxvf php-5.3.8.tar.gz

#cd php-5.3.8

#./configure \

--prefix=/usr/local/php \

--with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql \

--with-mysqli==/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config \

--with-openssl \

--enable-fpm \ //一定要有

--with-libevent-dir=/usr/local/lib \

--enable-mbstring \

--disable-debug \ //取消掉debug，为增加性能

--with-freetype-dir \

--with-jpeg-dir \

--with-png-dir \

--with-zlib \

--with-libxml-dir=/usr \

--enable-xml \

--with-iconv-dir=/usr/local

--------------------------------------------------

4.随后将会看到

// Thank you for using PHP

#ln -s /usr/local/lib/libiconv.so.2 /usr/lib/libiconv.so.2 //做个连接防止make时缺少libiconv.so.2

#ln -s /usr/local/lib/libiconv.so.2 /usr/local/libiconv.so.2

#make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS='-liconv' //iconv库问题

5.漫长时间后将会看到

// Build complete. Don't forget to run 'make test'

#make install

#cp php-5.3.8/php.ini-production /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini

#vi /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini 修改并保存

// 开启以下几项

pm.max_children = 50

pm.start_servers = 20

pm.min_spare_servers = 5

pm.max_spare_servers = 35

6. 使用nohup在后台启动 php-fpm 为防止tty终端关闭导致php-fpm 挂掉！推荐生产环境使用nohup将命令放于后台运行

#nohup /usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm &

[1] 18198

nohup: appending output to `nohup.out'

[1]+ Done nohup /usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm

//将命令加到开始启动

#echo "nohup /usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm & > /dev/null" >> /ect/rc.local

7.//为nginx增加fastcgi_params 文件

#vi /etc/nginx/fastcgi.conf //修改后保存

// 将里面内容替换为

fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1;

fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx;

fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string;

fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method;

fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type;

fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length;

fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;

fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name;

fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI $request_uri;

fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI $document_uri;

fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $document_root;

fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol;

fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr;

fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT $remote_port;

fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR $server_addr;

fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port;

fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name;

# PHP only, required if PHP was built with --enable-force-cgi-redirect

fastcgi_param REDIRECT_STATUS 200;

##########################################

8.为nginx 优化linux内核参数

vi /etc/sysctl.conf // 增加一下内容，并是修改生效

net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 65536

net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 32768

net.core.somaxconn = 32768

net.core.wmem_default = 8388608

net.core.rmem_default = 8388608

net.core.rmem_max = 16777216

net.core.wmem_max = 16777216

net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0

net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2

net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 2

net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1

net.ipv4.tcp_tw.reuse = 1

net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 94500000 915000000 927000000

net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 3276800

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65535

##########################################

#sysctl -p //使其及时生效

--------------------------------------------------

9.编译安装nginx

#useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M nginx //添加nginx用户

#tar zxvf nginx-1.1.6.tar.gz

#cd nginx-1.1.6

#./configure \

--prefix=/usr/local/nginx \ //安装路径

--sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx \ //可执行文件路径

--conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf \ //最好定义到/etc下

--pid-path=/usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid \ //pid文件存放位置，后面管理时将会用到

--lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock \

--user=nginx \

--group=nginx \

--with-http_stub_status_module \ //以取得一些网页的运行状态

--with-http_ssl_module \ //支持https加密连接

--with-http_gzip_static_module \ //静态缓存、压缩模块

--with-http_realip_module \ //让nginx透明获取客户端IP

--http-client-body-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/client/ \ //指定http客户端请求缓存文件存放目录

--http-proxy-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/proxy/ \ //指定http反向代理缓存文件存放目录

--http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/fcgi/ //指定FastCGI缓存文件存放目录

#make && make install //安装nginx

10.编写SystemV风格的启动脚本（可在本文附件下载后直接使用）

//如果需要请参考: /article/4332390.html 有关nginxd脚本的编写

//使用说明，保存nginxd脚本,赋予执行权限，添加服务和开机启动

#chmod +x /etc/init.d/nginxd

#chkconfig --add nginxd

// 如果不支持，则添加一下2行即可

// # chkconfig: - 85 15 #为必须字符

// # description: nginx is a World Wide Web server. It is used to serve

#chkconfig --level 2345 nginxd on

11.第一次启动nginx

#service nginxd start //没问题的话就显示，也会看到Welcome to nginx!

Starting nginx: [ OK ]

在XP客户端访问一下 http://192.168.10.11 //服务器地址

--------------------------------------------------

12.优化配置nginx.conf 文件

user nginx nginx;

worker_processes 8; //我的服务器为双核双线程
pid /usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid; //PID 存在位置，和启用nginx.pid管理
events {

use epoll; //使用的网络IO模型，CeotOs或REAL推荐使用epoll

worker_connections 1024; //允许的连接数

}
http {

include mime.types;

default_type application/octet-stream;
log_format mylog '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '

'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '

'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

//mylog为自定义log_format的name,log_format用于定义log的格式

sendfile on;

tcp_nopush on;

keepalive_timeout 60; //连接保持时间
gzip on; //开启gzip压缩，为客户端访问节省更大的带宽，提高访问速度

gzip_min_length 1k;

gzip_buffers 4 8k; //安装原数据8K为单位的4倍申请内存

gzip_http_version 1.1; //http版本信息，目前为1.0和1.1

gzip_comp_level 4; //gzip 压缩比（与CPU处理速度相反）

gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;

gzip_vary on;

fastcgi_intercept_errors on;

fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;

fastcgi_send_timeout 300;

fastcgi_read_timeout 300;

fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;

fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;

fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;

fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;
server {

listen 80;

server_name www.abc.com;

access_log logs/abc.access.log mylog; //用到了mylog，将日志定义为log_format格式
location / {

root /usr/local/nginx/html/abc;

index index.php index.html index.htm;

}

error_page 404 = /404.html; //当访问不存在的页面时，提示用户重新访问主页

# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html

error_page 500 502 503 504 /usr/local/nginx/50x/50x.html; //各种错误页面

location = /50x.html {

root html;

}

# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000

location ~ \.php$ {

root html;

fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;

fastcgi_index index.php; //fastcgi 索引页格式

fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;

include fastcgi_params;

}

}
server {

listen 80;

server_name www.abcd.com;

access_log logs/abcd.access.log mylog;

location / {

root /usr/local/nginx/html/abcd;

index index.php index.html index.htm;

error_page 404 = /404.html;

error_page 500 502 503 504 /usr/local/nginx/50x/50x.html;

location = /50x.html {

root html;

location ~ \.php$ {

root /usr/local/nginx/html/abcd/wb;

fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;

fastcgi_index index.php;

fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;

include fastcgi_params;

}

}

}

}

############### This is nginx.conf ###############

--------------------------------------------------

13.使用PID信号来控制管理nginx进程

// pid 存放位置 /usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid

// kill - 信号类型 cat `/usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid`

// 信号类型说明

// TERM,INT 快速关闭nginx ， 如以此kill掉8个进程是不是很悲剧

// OUT 从容关闭

// HUP 平滑重启,重新加载配置文件

// USR1 重新打开日志文件，在自动切割日志时比较使用

// USR2 平滑升级可执行程序

// WINCH 从容关闭进程,对于线上的nginx新旧版本更换
// 针对与上文的nginx.conf 修改此处使用HUP信号来控制

#kill -HUP cat `/usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid` //让修改立即生效

14.访问简单测试测试页面

#vi /usr/local/nginx/html/index.php

<?php

phpinfo();

?>
15.测试访问数据库

<?php

link=mysql_connect("localhost","root","hanfeng");

if(!$link) echo "ERROR!";

else echo "OK!";

phpinfo();

?>

--------------------------------------------------

二、安装“Website Baker”

1.安装部署Website Baker

// 采用nginx的虚拟主机为企业N个域名做网站部署

#unzip WebsiteBaker_2.8*.zip

#mv WebsiteBaker_2.8* /usr/local/nginx/html/abc

#cp -r /usr/local/nginx/html/abc /usr/local/nginx/html/abcd

#cd /usr/local/nginx/html/abc

#cp wb/modules/fckeditor/fckeditor/editor/filemanager/connectors/php/config.php ./

#cp config.php ../abcd/wb/

#chmod 777 /usr/local/nginx/html/abc

#chmod 777 /usr/local/nginx/html/abcd

2.为Website Baker的创建数据库用户

#/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p

mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON abc.* TO 'abc'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'hanfeng';

mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON abcd.* TO 'abcd'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'hanfeng';

mysql>flush privileges;

3.通过浏览器访问并install 和admin
IE: http://www.abcd.com/install 安装 (abc.com同理)
//以下仅有图片提供



IE: http://www.abcd.com/admin 管理



//安装完后删除安装文件和upgrade-script.php文件

#rm -rf /usr/local/nginx/html/{abc,abcd}/{upgrade-script.php,install}



// admin进入界面请见文章开始
4.通过访问安装无误，证明基于LNMP下的“Website Baker”安装成功！

// 根据后台admin管理网站即可了！

说明：
1.本文不只是为了构建LNMP安装“Website Baker”网站，而是将最近学习到东西给朋友提供实际生产中的应用！
2.nignx 日志切割、mysql数据备份已经配置为cron任务，并为编辑人员提供了bat文件自动上传和服务器状态查看！基本不需要专业运维人员管理，直接托付给IDC即可！
3.LNMP编译安装优化多学自抚琴煮酒《构建高可用linux服务器》和张宴《实战Nginx取代Apache的高性能Web服务器》并借鉴51CTO《运维趋势之服务器优化_13期》；
4.不在于编译安装LNMP，而是优化期架构在生产中的应用，根据最近观察服务运行良好！

5.文章提供技术支持，如有好的建议或安装问题 请 Send E-mail to linuxhzg#qq.com (请将#换为@) 如涉及隐私请通知寒枫（hanfeng）谢谢;

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