user_constraints,user_cons_columns查看外键

来源：http://blog.csdn.net/maqinqin/archive/2009/05/26/4217045.aspx

Oracle 查看一个表对应的主键和外键的约束关系，查看的语句：

select a.owner 主键拥有者

,a.table_name 主键表

,b.column_name 主键列

,c.OWNER 外键拥有者

,c.table_name 外键表

,d.column_name 外键列
from user_constraints a
left join user_cons_columns b

on a.constraint_name=b.constraint_name
left join user_constraints c

ON c.R_CONSTRAINT_NAME=a.constraint_name
left join user_cons_columns d

on c.constraint_name=d.constraint_name
where a.constraint_type='P'

and a.table_name='XXX' --需要查看主外键关系的表
order by a.table_name

另外的一种写法

select
a.owner 外键拥有者,
a.table_name 外键表,
substr(c.column_name,1,127) 外键列,
b.owner 主键拥有者,
b.table_name 主键表,
substr(d.column_name,1,127) 主键列
from
user_constraints a,
user_constraints b,
user_cons_columns c,
user_cons_columns d
where
a.r_constraint_name=b.constraint_name
and a.constraint_type='R'
and b.constraint_type='P'
and a.r_owner=b.owner
and a.constraint_name=c.constraint_name
and b.constraint_name=d.constraint_name
and a.owner=c.owner
and a.table_name=c.table_name
and b.owner=d.owner
and b.table_name=d.table_name

数据字典表列说明：

desc user_constraints

Name Comments
OWNER 表的所有者
CONSTRAINT_NAME 约束名
CONSTRAINT_TYPE 约束类型
TABLE_NAME Name associated with table with constraint definition
SEARCH_CONDITION Text of search condition for table check
R_OWNER Owner of table used in referential constraint
R_CONSTRAINT_NAME Name of unique constraint definition for referenced table
DELETE_RULE The delete rule for a referential constraint
STATUS Enforcement status of constraint - ENABLED or DISABLED
DEFERRABLE Is the constraint deferrable - DEFERRABLE or NOT DEFERRABLE
DEFERRED Is the constraint deferred by default - DEFERRED or IMMEDIATE
VALIDATED Was this constraint system validated? - VALIDATED or NOT VALIDATED
GENERATED Was the constraint name system generated? - GENERATED NAME or USERNAME
BAD Creating this constraint should give ORA-02436. Rewrite it before2000 AD.
RELY If set, this flag will be used in optimizer
LAST_CHANGE The date when this column was last enabled or disabled
INDEX_OWNER The owner of the index used by the constraint
INDEX_NAME The index used by the constraint
INVALID
VIEW_RELATED

desc user_cons_columns;

Name Default Comments
OWNER Owner of the constraint definition
CONSTRAINT_NAME Name associated with the constraint definition
TABLE_NAME Name associated with table with constraint definition
COLUMN_NAME Name associated with column or attribute of object column specified in the constraint definition
POSITION Original position of column or attribute in definition

desc后发现

user_constraints是表约束的视图,描述的是约束类型(constraint_type)是什么,属于哪些表(table_name),如果约束的类型为R(外键)的话,那么r_constraint_name字段存放的就是被引用主表中的主键约束名。

user_cons_columns是表约束字段的视图,说明表中的和约束相关的列参与了哪些约束。这些约束有主键约束,外键约束,索引约束.
两者可以通过(owner,constraint_name,table_name)关联