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关系代数运算基本实现

2011-03-10 14:32 423 查看
传统的集合运算:(1):并(Union)
//并
relate union_relate(relate u_R, relate u_S)
{
relate P;
int i = 0, j = 0, k = 0;
for (i = 0; i < 25; i++)
{
P.num_tuple = u_S.num_tuple;
P.num_row = u_S.num_row;
P.i_A[i] = 0;
P.i_B[i] = 0;
P.i_C[i] = 0;
P.i_D[i] = 0;
P.i_E[i] = 0;
P.i_F[i] = 0;
}

if (u_R.num_row != u_S.num_row)
{
cout << "R、S不是同目关系" << endl;
return P;
}

for (i = 0; i < u_R.num_tuple; i++)
{
P.i_A[i] = u_S.i_A[i];
P.i_B[i] = u_S.i_B[i];
P.i_C[i] = u_S.i_C[i];
}

for (i = 0, k = u_R.num_tuple; i < u_R.num_tuple; i++)
{
for (j = 0; j < u_S.num_tuple; j ++)
{
if (u_R.i_A[i] == u_S.i_A[j]
&& u_R.i_B[i] == u_S.i_B[j]
&& u_R.i_C[i] == u_S.i_C[j])
{
break;
}
else
{
if (j == u_S.num_tuple -1)
{
P.i_A[k] = u_R.i_A[i];
P.i_B[k] = u_R.i_B[i];
P.i_C[k] = u_R.i_C[i];
(P.num_tuple)++;
k++;
}
}
}
}

return P;
}
(2)差(Difference):
//差
relate except_relate(relate e_R, relate e_S)     //except
{
relate P;
int i = 0, j = 0, k = 0;
for (i = 0; i < 25; i++)
{
P.num_tuple = 0;
P.num_row = e_R.num_row;
P.i_A[i] = 0;
P.i_B[i] = 0;
P.i_C[i] = 0;
P.i_D[i] = 0;
P.i_E[i] = 0;
P.i_F[i] = 0;
}

if (e_R.num_row != e_S.num_row)
{
cout << "R、S不是同目关系" << endl;
return P;
}

for (i = 0, k = 0; i < e_R.num_tuple; i++)
{
for (j = 0; j < e_S.num_tuple; j ++)
{
if (e_R.i_A[i] == e_S.i_A[j]
&& e_R.i_B[i] == e_S.i_B[j]
&& e_R.i_C[i] == e_S.i_C[j])
{
break;
}
else
{
if (j == e_S.num_tuple -1)
{
P.i_A[k] = e_R.i_A[i];
P.i_B[k] = e_R.i_B[i];
P.i_C[k] = e_R.i_C[i];
(P.num_tuple)++;
k++;
}
}
}
}
return P;
}
(3)交(Interstation):
/****************************************************************

方法一:

*****************************************************************/
//交
relate intersect_relate(relate i_R, relate i_S)  //intersection
{
relate P;
int i = 0, j = 0, k = 0;
for (i = 0; i < 25; i++)
{
P.num_tuple = 0;
P.num_row = i_R.num_row;
P.i_A[i] = 0;
P.i_B[i] = 0;
P.i_C[i] = 0;
P.i_D[i] = 0;
P.i_E[i] = 0;
P.i_F[i] = 0;
}

if ( i_R.num_row != i_S.num_row)
{
cout << "R、S不是同目关系" << endl;
return P;
}

for (i = 0, k =0; i < i_R.num_tuple; i++)
{
for (j = 0; j < i_S.num_tuple; j++)
{
if (i_R.i_A[i] == i_S.i_A[j]
&& i_R.i_B[i] == i_S.i_B[j]
&& i_R.i_C[i] == i_S.i_C[j])
{
P.i_A[k] = i_R.i_A[i];
P.i_B[k] = i_R.i_B[i];
P.i_C[k] = i_R.i_C[i];
(P.num_tuple)++;
k++;
}
}
}
return P;
}
对于交还有另一种算法:R n S = R - (R - S)代码如下:
//***************************************************************
//
//方法二:
//
//***************************************************************
relate intersect_relate(relate i_R, relate i_S)  //intersection
{
relate P;
int i = 0;
for (i = 0; i < 25; i++)
{
P.num_tuple = 0;
P.num_row = i_R.num_row;
P.i_A[i] = 0;
P.i_B[i] = 0;
P.i_C[i] = 0;
P.i_D[i] = 0;
P.i_E[i] = 0;
P.i_F[i] = 0;
}

if (i_R.num_row != i_S.num_row)
{
cout << "R、S不是同目关系" << endl;
return P;
}

P = except_relate(i_R,except_relate(i_R,i_S));
return P;
}
(4)笛卡尔积(Cartesian Product):
//笛卡尔积
relate car_pro_relate(relate c_R, relate c_S)    //cartesian product
{
relate P;
int i = 0, j = 0, k = 0, n = 0;
for (i = 0; i < 25; i++)
{
P.num_tuple = c_R.num_tuple * c_S.num_tuple;
P.num_row = c_R.num_row + c_S.num_row;
P.i_A[i] = 0;
P.i_B[i] = 0;
P.i_C[i] = 0;
P.i_D[i] = 0;
P.i_E[i] = 0;
P.i_F[i] = 0;
}

for (i = 0; i < c_R.num_tuple * c_S.num_tuple; i++)
{
if (i < (j+1)*c_S.num_tuple)
{
P.i_A[i] = c_R.i_A[j];
P.i_B[i] = c_R.i_B[j];
P.i_C[i] = c_R.i_C[j];
P.i_D[i] = c_S.i_D[j];
P.i_E[i] = c_S.i_E[j];
P.i_F[i] = c_S.i_F[j];
}
if ((i+1) % c_S.num_tuple == 0)
{
j++;
}
}

for (i = 0; i < c_R.num_tuple * c_S.num_tuple; i++)
{
for (j = 0; j < c_S.num_tuple; j++)
{
if (i % c_S.num_tuple == j)
{
if (c_R.num_row == 1)
{
P.i_B[i] = c_S.i_A[j];
P.i_C[i] = c_S.i_B[j];
P.i_D[i] = c_S.i_C[j];
}
if (c_R.num_row == 2)
{
P.i_C[i] = c_S.i_A[j];
P.i_D[i] = c_S.i_B[j];
P.i_E[i] = c_S.i_C[j];
}
if (c_R.num_row == 3)
{
P.i_D[i] = c_S.i_A[j];
P.i_E[i] = c_S.i_B[j];
P.i_F[i] = c_S.i_C[j];
}
}
}
}
return P;
}
专门的关系运算:(1)投影(Projection):
//投影,只提供实现在单个属性列上的投影
//R在S上的投影
//        R
//   A    B    C         C
//-------------------------------
//   1    3    2         2
//   5    7    2         2
//   1    3    4         4
//--------------------------------
//    PAI    (R)
//       (S)
relate project_relate(relate p_R, char ch)     //projection
{
relate P;
int i = 0, j = 0, k = 0, n = 0;
for (i = 0; i < 25; i++)
{
P.num_tuple = p_R.num_tuple;
P.num_row = 1;
P.i_A[i] = 0;
P.i_B[i] = 0;
P.i_C[i] = 0;
P.i_D[i] = 0;
P.i_E[i] = 0;
P.i_F[i] = 0;
}
if (ch == 'A')
{
for (i = 0; i < p_R.num_tuple; i++)
{
P.i_A[i] = p_R.i_A[i];
}
}
if (ch == 'B')
{
for (i = 0; i < p_R.num_tuple; i++)
{
P.i_A[i] = p_R.i_B[i];
}
}
if (ch == 'C')
{
for (i = 0; i < p_R.num_tuple; i++)
{
P.i_A[i] = p_R.i_C[i];
}
}
//去除相同元素
for (i = 0; i < p_R.num_tuple; i++)
{
for (j = i+1; j < p_R.num_tuple; j++)
{
if (P.i_A[i] == P.i_A[j])
{
P.i_A[j] = 0;
}
}
}

for (i = 0, k= 0; i < P.num_tuple; i++)
{
if (P.i_A[i] != 0)
{
P.i_A[k] = P.i_A[i];
k++;
}
}
P.num_tuple = k;
return P;
}
(2)自然连接(Natural join):
//自然连接
relate join_relate(relate j_R, relate j_S)       //join
{
relate P, Q;
int i = 0, j = 0, k = 0, n = 0;
for (i = 0; i < 25; i++)
{
P.num_tuple = 0;
P.num_row = 4;    //R(A,B,C)和S(B,C,D)相同属性名是B、C,自然连接后剩下四个属性组
//R(A,B)和S(B,C,D)相同属性名是B,自然连接后4个属性组
P.i_A[i] = 0;
P.i_B[i] = 0;
P.i_C[i] = 0;
P.i_D[i] = 0;
P.i_E[i] = 0;
P.i_F[i] = 0;
Q.num_tuple = 0;
Q.num_row = 0;
Q.i_A[i] = 0;
Q.i_B[i] = 0;
Q.i_C[i] = 0;
Q.i_D[i] = 0;
Q.i_E[i] = 0;
Q.i_F[i] = 0;
}
for (i = 0; i < j_S.num_tuple; i++)//为了能使用笛卡尔积函数,将S(B,C,D,)转为S(A,B,C)
{
j_S.i_A[i] = j_S.i_B[i];
j_S.i_B[i] = j_S.i_C[i];
j_S.i_C[i] = j_S.i_D[i];
j_S.i_D[i] = j_S.i_E[i];
j_S.i_E[i] = j_S.i_F[i];
}
Q = car_pro_relate(j_R, j_S);

//R有三个属性组,且B,C为相同属性名
if (j_R.num_row == 3)
{
//相同属性名是B、C
//         R             S
//     A   B   C      B  C  D
//->   A   B   C      A  B  C
//---------------------------
//Q:   A   B   C      D  E  F
//P:   A   B   C      D

for (i = 0,j = 0; i < Q.num_tuple; i++)
{
if (Q.i_B[i] == Q.i_D[i] && Q.i_C[i] == Q.i_E[i])
{
P.i_A[j] = Q.i_A[i];
P.i_B[j] = Q.i_B[i];
P.i_C[j] = Q.i_C[i];
P.i_D[j] = Q.i_D[i];
P.i_E[j] = Q.i_E[i];
P.i_F[j] = Q.i_F[i];
j++;
}
}
P.num_tuple = j;
for (i = 0; i < P.num_tuple; i++)
{
P.i_D[i] = P.i_F[i];
P.i_E[i] = 0;
P.i_F[i] = 0;
}
}

//相同属性名是B且R只有两个属性组
if (j_R.num_row == 2)
{
//相同属性名是B
//      R         S
//--------------------------
//    A   B  |  B    C    D
//->  A   B  |  A    B    C
//Q:  A   B     C    D    E
//         \   / \  / \  /
//          \ /   \/   \/
//P:  A      B    C    D
for (i = 0,j = 0; i < Q.num_tuple; i++)
{
if (Q.i_B[i] == Q.i_C[i])
{
P.i_A[j] = Q.i_A[i];
P.i_B[j] = Q.i_B[i];
P.i_C[j] = Q.i_C[i];
P.i_D[j] = Q.i_D[i];
P.i_E[j] = Q.i_E[i];
P.i_F[j] = Q.i_F[i];
j++;
}
}
P.num_tuple = j;
for (i = 0; i < P.num_tuple; i++)
{
P.i_B[i] = P.i_C[i];
P.i_C[i] = P.i_D[i];
P.i_D[i] = P.i_E[i];
P.i_E[i] = 0;
}
}
return P;
}
(3)除法(Division):
// R / S的必要条件是:
//(1) R.num_tuple>S.num_tuple
//(2) S非空
//(3) R中存在S.num_tuple个属性与S的S.num_tuple个属性定义在相同的域中
relate div_relate(relate d_R ,relate d_S)        //division
{
relate P;
int i = 0, j = 0, k = 0, n = 0;
for (i = 0; i < 25; i++)
{
P.num_tuple = 0;
P.num_row = d_R.num_row - d_S.num_row;
P.i_A[i] = 0;
P.i_B[i] = 0;
P.i_C[i] = 0;
P.i_D[i] = 0;
P.i_E[i] = 0;
P.i_F[i] = 0;
}
//R(A,B,C)    S(A,B)
//X的属性组:C
//Y的属性组:A,B

P = project_relate(d_R, 'C');
P = car_pro_relate(d_S,P);
P = except_relate(P, d_R);
P = project_relate(P,'C');
P = except_relate(project_relate(d_R,'C'),P);
return P;
}
好了,写个主函数测试下:
//main.cpp

#include "common.h"

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

//并、交、差
void UIE(void)
{
relate R, S, U, I, E;
int i = 0;
for (i = 0; i < 25; i++)
{
R.num_tuple = 3;    //记录元组个数
R.num_row = 3;      //记录列数
S.num_tuple = 3;    //记录元组个数
S.num_row = 3;      //记录列数
R.i_A[i] = 0;
R.i_B[i] = 0;
R.i_C[i] = 0;
R.i_D[i] = 0;
R.i_E[i] = 0;
R.i_F[i] = 0;
S.i_A[i] = 0;
S.i_B[i] = 0;
S.i_C[i] = 0;
S.i_D[i] = 0;
S.i_E[i] = 0;
S.i_F[i] = 0;
}
//          R        |        S
//----------------------------------------
//    A  |  B  |  C  |   A  |  B  |  C
//    1  |  1  |  2  |   1  |  2  |  1
//    1  |  2  |  1  |   1  |  1  |  1
//    2  |  2  |  3  |   2  |  2  |  3
//----------------------------------------
//

R.i_A[0] = 1;
R.i_A[1] = 1;
R.i_A[2] = 2;
R.i_B[0] = 1;
R.i_B[1] = 2;
R.i_B[2] = 2;
R.i_C[0] = 2;
R.i_C[1] = 1;
R.i_C[2] = 3;
S.i_A[0] = 1;
S.i_A[1] = 1;
S.i_A[2] = 2;
S.i_B[0] = 2;
S.i_B[1] = 1;
S.i_B[2] = 2;
S.i_C[0] = 1;
S.i_C[1] = 1;
S.i_C[2] = 3;

cout << "R:" << endl;
for (i = 0; i < R.num_tuple; i++)
{
cout << R.i_A[i] << "\t" << R.i_B[i] << "\t" << R.i_C[i] <<endl;
cout << "--------------------" << endl;
}
cout << "S:" << endl;
for (i = 0; i < S.num_tuple; i++)
{
cout << S.i_A[i] << "\t" << S.i_B[i] << "\t" << S.i_C[i] <<endl;
cout << "--------------------" << endl;
}
U = union_relate(R, S);
cout << "\n" << "并:" << endl;
for (i = 0; i < U.num_tuple; i++)
{
cout << U.i_A[i] << "\t" << U.i_B[i] << "\t" << U.i_C[i] <<endl;
cout << "--------------------" << endl;
}
I = intersect_relate(R,S);
cout << "交:" << endl;
for (i = 0; i < I.num_tuple; i++)
{
cout << I.i_A[i] << "\t" << I.i_B[i] << "\t" << I.i_C[i] <<endl;
cout << "--------------------" << endl;
}
E =except_relate(R,S);
cout << "差:" << endl;
for (i = 0; i < E.num_tuple; i++)
{
cout << E.i_A[i] << "\t" << E.i_B[i] << "\t" << E.i_C[i] <<endl;
cout << "--------------------" << endl;
}

return;
}

//笛卡尔积
void Car_pro(void)
{
relate R, S, C;
int i = 0;
for (i = 0; i < 25; i++)
{
R.num_tuple = 2;    //记录元组个数
R.num_row = 3;      //记录列数
S.num_tuple = 3;    //记录元组个数
S.num_row = 3;      //记录列数
R.i_A[i] = 0;
R.i_B[i] = 0;
R.i_C[i] = 0;
R.i_D[i] = 0;
R.i_E[i] = 0;
R.i_F[i] = 0;
S.i_A[i] = 0;
S.i_B[i] = 0;
S.i_C[i] = 0;
S.i_D[i] = 0;
S.i_E[i] = 0;
S.i_F[i] = 0;
}
//          R        |        S
//----------------------------------------
//    A  |  B  |  C  |   A  |  B  |  C
//    1  |  1  |  2  |   1  |  2  |  1
//    1  |  2  |  1  |   1  |  1  |  1
//    2  |  2  |  3  |   2  |  2  |  3
//----------------------------------------
//

R.i_A[0] = 1;
R.i_A[1] = 1;
// R.i_A[2] = 2;
R.i_B[0] = 1;
R.i_B[1] = 2;
// R.i_B[2] = 2;
R.i_C[0] = 2;
R.i_C[1] = 1;
//R.i_C[2] = 3;
S.i_A[0] = 1;
S.i_A[1] = 1;
S.i_A[2] = 2;
S.i_B[0] = 2;
S.i_B[1] = 1;
S.i_B[2] = 2;
S.i_C[0] = 1;
S.i_C[1] = 1;
S.i_C[2] = 3;
cout << "\n" <<"R:" << endl;
for (i = 0; i < R.num_tuple; i++)
{
cout << R.i_A[i] << "\t" << R.i_B[i] << "\t" << R.i_C[i] <<endl;
cout << "--------------------" << endl;
}
cout << "S:" << endl;
for (i = 0; i < S.num_tuple; i++)
{
cout << S.i_A[i] << "\t" << S.i_B[i] << "\t" << S.i_C[i] <<endl;
cout << "--------------------" << endl;
}
C =car_pro_relate(R,S);
cout << "\n" << "笛卡尔积:" << endl;
for (i = 0; i < C.num_tuple; i++)
{
cout << C.i_A[i] << "\t" << C.i_B[i] << "\t" << C.i_C[i] << "\t" << C.i_D[i] << "\t" << C.i_E[i] << "\t" << C.i_F[i] <<endl;
cout << "---------------------------------------------" << endl;
}
}

//自然连接
void natural(void)
{
relate R, S, N;
int i = 0;
for (i = 0; i < 25; i++)
{
R.num_tuple = 4;    //记录元组个数
R.num_row = 3;      //记录列数
S.num_tuple = 3;    //记录元组个数
S.num_row = 3;      //记录列数
R.i_A[i] = 0;
R.i_B[i] = 0;
R.i_C[i] = 0;
R.i_D[i] = 0;
R.i_E[i] = 0;
R.i_F[i] = 0;
S.i_A[i] = 0;
S.i_B[i] = 0;
S.i_C[i] = 0;
S.i_D[i] = 0;
S.i_E[i] = 0;
S.i_F[i] = 0;
}
//            R              |              S
//-----------------------------------------------------
//    A   |   B    |   C     |      B   |   C   |   D
//-----------------------------------------------------
//    2   |   4    |   6     |      5   |   7   |   3
//    3   |   5    |   7     |      4   |   6   |   2
//    7   |   4    |   6     |      5   |   7   |   9
//    5   |   4    |   7     |
//----------------------------------------------------
R.i_A[0] = 2;
R.i_A[1] = 3;
R.i_A[2] = 7;
R.i_A[3] = 5;
R.i_B[0] = 4;
R.i_B[1] = 5;
R.i_B[2] = 4;
R.i_B[3] = 4;
R.i_C[0] = 6;
R.i_C[1] = 7;
R.i_C[2] = 6;
R.i_C[3] = 7;

S.i_B[0] = 5;
S.i_B[1] = 4;
S.i_B[2] = 5;
S.i_C[0] = 7;
S.i_C[1] = 6;
S.i_C[2] = 7;
S.i_D[0] = 3;
S.i_D[1] = 2;
S.i_D[2] = 9;
cout << "\n" << "R:" << endl;
cout << "R.A" << "\t" << "R.B" << "\t" << "R.C" <<endl;
cout << "--------------------" << endl;
for (i = 0; i < R.num_tuple; i++)
{
cout << R.i_A[i] << "\t" << R.i_B[i] << "\t" << R.i_C[i] <<endl;
cout << "--------------------" << endl;
}
cout << "S:" << endl;
cout << "S.B" << "\t" << "S.C" << "\t" << "S.D" <<endl;
for (i = 0; i < S.num_tuple; i++)
{
cout << S.i_B[i] << "\t" << S.i_C[i] << "\t" << S.i_D[i] <<endl;
cout << "--------------------" << endl;
}
N = join_relate(R, S);
cout << "\n" << "自然连接:" << endl;
cout << "A" << "\t" << "B" << "\t" << "C" << "\t" << "D" <<endl;
cout << "-----------------------------" << endl;
for (i = 0; i < N.num_tuple; i++)
{
cout << N.i_A[i] << "\t" << N.i_B[i] << "\t" << N.i_C[i] << "\t" << N.i_D[i] <<endl;
cout << "-----------------------------" << endl;
}
return;
}

//除法
void div(void)
{
relate R, S, D;
int i = 0;
for (i = 0; i < 25; i++)
{
R.num_tuple = 5;    //记录元组个数
R.num_row = 3;      //记录列数
S.num_tuple = 2;    //记录元组个数
S.num_row = 2;      //记录列数
R.i_A[i] = 0;
R.i_B[i] = 0;
R.i_C[i] = 0;
R.i_D[i] = 0;
R.i_E[i] = 0;
R.i_F[i] = 0;
S.i_A[i] = 0;
S.i_B[i] = 0;
S.i_C[i] = 0;
S.i_D[i] = 0;
S.i_E[i] = 0;
S.i_F[i] = 0;
}
//            R              |          S
//----------------------------------------------
//    A   |   B    |   C     |      A   |   B
//----------------------------------------------
//    1   |   3    |   2     |      1   |   3
//    5   |   7    |   2     |      5   |   7
//    1   |   3    |   4     |
//    1   |   3    |   6     |
//    5   |   7    |   6     |
//-----------------------------------------------
R.i_A[0] = 1;
R.i_A[1] = 5;
R.i_A[2] = 1;
R.i_A[3] = 1;
R.i_A[4] = 5;
R.i_B[0] = 3;
R.i_B[1] = 7;
R.i_B[2] = 3;
R.i_B[3] = 3;
R.i_B[4] = 7;
R.i_C[0] = 2;
R.i_C[1] = 2;
R.i_C[2] = 4;
R.i_C[3] = 6;
R.i_C[4] = 6;

S.i_A[0] = 1;
S.i_A[1] = 5;
S.i_B[0] = 3;
S.i_B[1] = 7;
cout << "\n" << "R:" << endl;
cout << "R.A" << "\t" << "R.B" << "\t" << "R.C" <<endl;
cout << "--------------------" << endl;
for (i = 0; i < R.num_tuple; i++)
{
cout << R.i_A[i] << "\t" << R.i_B[i] << "\t" << R.i_C[i] <<endl;
cout << "--------------------" << endl;
}
cout << "S:" << endl;
cout << "S.A" << "\t" << "S.B" <<endl;
for (i = 0; i < S.num_tuple; i++)
{
cout << S.i_A[i] << "\t" << S.i_B[i] <<endl;
cout << "-------------" << endl;
}
D = div_relate(R, S);
cout << "\n" << "除法:" << endl;
cout << "\t" << "C" <<endl;
cout << "----------------" << endl;
for (i = 0; i < D.num_tuple; i++)
{
cout  << "\t" << D.i_A[i] <<endl;
cout << "----------------" << endl;
}

cout << "\t\t\tOK! \n\t功能基本上实现了,但还是有多处不能推广(比如说有些属性组被限制)!\n " << endl;
return;
}
int main()
{

UIE();
Car_pro();
natural();
div();
return 0;
}
好,commom.h里的内容只是声明函数和定义结构体:
//commom.h

#ifndef COMMON_H_INCLUDED
#define COMMON_H_INCLUDED

typedef struct
{
int num_tuple;    //记录元组个数
int num_row;      //记录列数,即:目
int i_A[25];
int i_B[25];
int i_C[25];
int i_D[25];
int i_E[25];
int i_F[25];
}relate;

relate union_relate(relate u_R, relate u_S);      //union
relate except_relate(relate e_R, relate e_S);     //except
relate intersect_relate(relate i_R, relate i_S);  //intersection
relate car_pro_relate(relate c_R, relate c_S);    //cartesian product

relate project_relate(relate p_R, char ch);     //projection
relate join_relate(relate j_R, relate j_S);        //join
relate div_relate(relate d_R ,relate d_S);         //division

#endif // COMMON_H_INCLUDED
看看效果:
                                            
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