用route-map筛选路由更新进而过滤路由

[align=left]一、拓扑图：[/align]
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[align=left]二、在上一个实验当中，我们用了distribute来筛选路由更新，那么这次我们用route-map来做一下，前期工作还是一样，配置各接口的IP和协议，并且在R2上做重分发，为了让R1和R3学到明细路由我们要在R2上关闭RIP的自动汇总：[/align]
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[align=left]三、针对OSPF区域的配置步骤：[/align]
[align=left]1、配置完IP和协议之后，先来看一下R1的路由表：[/align]

[align=left]R1#sh ip route[/align] [align=left]Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP[/align] [align=left] D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area [/align] [align=left] N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2[/align] [align=left] E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2[/align] [align=left] i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2[/align] [align=left] ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route[/align] [align=left] o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route[/align] [align=left] [/align] [align=left]Gateway of last resort is not set[/align] [align=left] [/align] [align=left] 172.168.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets[/align] [align=left]C 172.168.0.0 is directly connected, Loopback0[/align] [align=left]C 172.168.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback0[/align] [align=left]C 172.168.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback0[/align] [align=left]C 172.168.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback0[/align] [align=left] 172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets[/align] [align=left]C 172.16.255.0 is directly connected, Serial1/1[/align] [align=left]O E2 192.168.255.0/24 [110/200] via 172.16.255.2, 00:00:16, Serial1/1[/align] [align=left]O E2 192.168.0.0/24 [110/200] via 172.16.255.2, 00:00:16, Serial1/1[/align] [align=left]O E2 192.168.1.0/24 [110/200] via 172.16.255.2, 00:00:16, Serial1/1[/align] [align=left]O E2 192.168.2.0/24 [110/200] via 172.16.255.2, 00:00:16, Serial1/1[/align] [align=left]O E2 192.168.3.0/24 [110/200] via 172.16.255.2, 00:00:16, Serial1/1 (没做过滤之前学到了5条O E2 型路由)[/align]

[align=left]2、再来看一下R3的路由表：[/align]

[align=left]R3#sh ip route[/align] [align=left]Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP[/align] [align=left] D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area [/align] [align=left] N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2[/align] [align=left] E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2[/align] [align=left] i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2[/align] [align=left] ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route[/align] [align=left] o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route[/align] [align=left] [/align] [align=left]Gateway of last resort is not set[/align] [align=left] [/align] [align=left] 172.168.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 4 subnets, 2 masks[/align] [align=left]R 172.168.1.0/24 [120/10] via 192.168.255.2, 00:00:24, Serial1/0[/align] [align=left]R 172.168.0.1/32 [120/10] via 192.168.255.2, 00:00:24, Serial1/0[/align] [align=left]R 172.168.2.0/24 [120/10] via 192.168.255.2, 00:00:24, Serial1/0[/align] [align=left]R 172.168.3.0/24 [120/10] via 192.168.255.2, 00:00:24, Serial1/0[/align] [align=left] 172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets[/align] [align=left]R 172.16.255.0 [120/10] via 192.168.255.2, 00:00:24, Serial1/0 (没做过滤之前学到了5条R型路由) [/align] [align=left]C 192.168.255.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0[/align] [align=left]C 192.168.0.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback0[/align] [align=left]C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback0[/align] [align=left]C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback0[/align] [align=left]C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback0[/align]

[align=left]3、那么我在R2做上针对rip重分发到ospf区域的访问控制列表，并且在route-map上调用，然后再引用route-map对重分发的路由进行过滤。[/align]

[align=left]R2(config)#access-list 1 deny 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255[/align] [align=left]R2(config)#access-list 1 deny 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255[/align] [align=left]R2(config)#access-list 1 permit any[/align] [align=left]R2(config)#route-map rip-ospf permit 1 (建立rip到ospf 区域的route-map)[/align] [align=left]R2(config-route-map)#match ip address 1(匹配访问控制列表1)[/align] [align=left]R2(config)#router ospf 1[/align] [align=left]R2(config-router)#redistribute rip route-map rip-ospf metric 200 subnets(引用route-map对重分发的路由进行过滤)[/align]

[align=left]4、现在再看一下R1上的路由表：[/align]

[align=left]R1#sho ip route[/align] [align=left]Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP[/align] [align=left] D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area [/align] [align=left] N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2[/align] [align=left] E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2[/align] [align=left] i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2[/align] [align=left] ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route[/align] [align=left] o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route[/align] [align=left] [/align] [align=left]Gateway of last resort is not set[/align] [align=left] [/align] [align=left] 172.168.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets[/align] [align=left]C 172.168.0.0 is directly connected, Loopback0[/align] [align=left]C 172.168.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback0[/align] [align=left]C 172.168.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback0[/align] [align=left]C 172.168.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback0[/align] [align=left] 172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets[/align] [align=left]C 172.16.255.0 is directly connected, Serial1/1[/align] [align=left]O E2 192.168.255.0/24 [110/200] via 172.16.255.2, 00:00:11, Serial1/1[/align] [align=left]O E2 192.168.0.0/24 [110/200] via 172.16.255.2, 00:00:10, Serial1/1[/align] [align=left]O E2 192.168.1.0/24 [110/200] via 172.16.255.2, 00:00:10, Serial1/1 (现在只学到了3条)[/align]

[align=left]四、针对OSPF区域的配置步骤[/align]
[align=left]1、上一个步骤已经看到了R3的路由表，全部路由都学到了，那么我现在还是要在R2上建立access-list，并在route-map上调用，然后再引用route-map对重分发的路由进行过滤。[/align]

[align=left]R2(config)#access-list 2 deny 172.168.0.0 0.0.0.255[/align] [align=left]R2(config)#access-list 2 deny 172.168.1.0 0.0.0.255[/align] [align=left]R2(config)#access-list 2 permit any[/align] [align=left]R2(config)#route-map ospf-rip permit 2 (建立ospf到rip 区域的route-map)[/align] [align=left]R2(config-route-map)#match ip address 2(匹配访问控制列表2)[/align] [align=left]R2(config)#router rip [/align] [align=left]R2(config-router)#redistribute ospf 1 route-map ospf-rip metric 10 (引用route-map对重分发的路由进行过滤)[/align]

[align=left]2、再来看一下R3的路由表：[/align]

[align=left]R3#sh ip route[/align] [align=left]Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP[/align] [align=left] D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area [/align] [align=left] N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2[/align] [align=left] E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2[/align] [align=left] i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2[/align] [align=left] ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route[/align] [align=left] o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route[/align] [align=left] [/align] [align=left]Gateway of last resort is not set[/align] [align=left] [/align] [align=left] 172.168.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets[/align] [align=left]R 172.168.2.0 [120/10] via 192.168.255.2, 00:00:11, Serial1/0[/align] [align=left]R 172.168.3.0 [120/10] via 192.168.255.2, 00:00:11, Serial1/0[/align] [align=left] 172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets[/align] [align=left]R 172.16.255.0 [120/10] via 192.168.255.2, 00:00:11, Serial1/0 (只学到了三条)[/align] [align=left]C 192.168.255.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0[/align] [align=left]C 192.168.0.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback0[/align] [align=left]C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback0[/align] [align=left]C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback0[/align] [align=left]C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback0[/align]

[align=left]3、呵呵，现在变成只能学到三条RIP那边过来的路由，开始我很郁闷啊，这一步我一直clear ip route * ，但是却一直还是5条R，检查配置实在找不出原因，想想，我后来只有把配置导出来，然后重启模拟器，再把配置导进去。后来就只能学到这三条了，果然真是模拟器的原因。纠结啊。现在我们用route-map也能达到目的，或者用distribute-list 对路由更新筛选目的。不过用distribute-list步骤要少一点。不过没关系。多一个方法，多一条路。现实生活和工作中何尝不是呢？懂比不懂要好。[/align]