使用ActionMailer 的 STMP方式发送邮件

演示：

class Tester< ActiveRecord::Base
def self.send_mail
MailPoster.deliver_file('receive@126.com','sender@126.com', 'public/images/rails.png', 'image/jpeg')
end

class MailPoster < ActionMailer::Base

def file(to, sender, file_name, content_type)
#standard ActionMailer message setup
recipients  to
from        sender
subject     subj
#cc         ["aaaa@126.com","bbbb@126com"]
#cc          %w{aaaa@126.com, bbbb@126.com}
#setting the body explicitly means we don't have to provide a separate template file
body        "The main content: #{subj}"

#set up the attachment
attachment  :content_type => content_type,
:body         => File.read(file_name),
:filename     => file_name.gsub(/.*///,'')
end

end

ActionMailer::Base.smtp_settings =
{
:address => "smtp.126.com",
:domain => "mail.126.com",
:user_name => "youremail@126.com",
:password => "your password",
:authentication => :login,
}
end

运行：

$ script/runner Tester.send_mail

查看自己的邮件看看，如果有错误，请根据提示修改。

不需要的部分可以注释掉，如发送附件。

调用使用的方式是：[YourClass].deliver_[your method]

对于那些整站使用统一smtp服务器的，可以把以下代码移到config/environment.rb：

注意：代码要放到Rails::Initializer.run do |config| ... end 外面

ActionMailer::Base.smtp_settings =
{
:address => "smtp.126.com",
:domain => "mail.126.com",
:user_name => "youremail@126.com",
:password => "your password",
:authentication => :login,
}

源代码：vendor/rails/actionmailer/lib/action_mailer（有使用说明）

module ActionMailer
# Usage:
#
#   class ApplicationMailer < ActionMailer::Base
#     # Set up properties
#     # Properties can also be specified via accessor methods
#     # (i.e. self.subject = "foo") and instance variables (@subject = "foo").
#     def signup_notification(recipient)
#       recipients recipient.email_address_with_name
#       subject    "New account information"
#       body       { "account" => recipient }
#       from       "system@example.com"
#     end
#
#     # explicitly specify multipart messages
#     def signup_notification(recipient)
#       recipients      recipient.email_address_with_name
#       subject         "New account information"
#       from            "system@example.com"
#
#       part :content_type => "text/html",
#         :body => render_message("signup-as-html", :account => recipient)
#
#       part "text/plain" do |p|
#         p.body = render_message("signup-as-plain", :account => recipient)
#         p.transfer_encoding = "base64"
#       end
#     end
#
#     # attachments
#     def signup_notification(recipient)
#       recipients      recipient.email_address_with_name
#       subject         "New account information"
#       from            "system@example.com"
#
#       attachment :content_type => "image/jpeg",
#         :body => File.read("an-image.jpg")
#
#       attachment "application/pdf" do |a|
#         a.body = generate_your_pdf_here()
#       end
#     end
#
#     # implicitly multipart messages
#     def signup_notification(recipient)
#       recipients      recipient.email_address_with_name
#       subject         "New account information"
#       from            "system@example.com"
#       body(:account => "recipient")
#
#       # ActionMailer will automatically detect and use multipart templates,
#       # where each template is named after the name of the action, followed
#       # by the content type. Each such detected template will be added as
#       # a separate part to the message.
#       #
#       # for example, if the following templates existed:
#       #   * signup_notification.text.plain.rhtml
#       #   * signup_notification.text.html.rhtml
#       #   * signup_notification.text.xml.rxml
#       #   * signup_notification.text.x-yaml.rhtml
#       #
#       # Each would be rendered and added as a separate part to the message,
#       # with the corresponding content type. The same body hash is passed to
#       # each template.
#     end
#   end
#
#   # After this, post_notification will look for "templates/application_mailer/post_notification.rhtml"
#   ApplicationMailer.template_root = "templates"
#
#   ApplicationMailer.create_comment_notification(david, hello_world)  # => a tmail object
#   ApplicationMailer.deliver_comment_notification(david, hello_world) # sends the email
#
# = Configuration options
#
# These options are specified on the class level, like <tt>ActionMailer::Base.template_root = "/my/templates"</tt>
#
# * <tt>template_root</tt> - template root determines the base from which template references will be made.
#
# * <tt>logger</tt> - the logger is used for generating information on the mailing run if available.
#   Can be set to nil for no logging. Compatible with both Ruby's own Logger and Log4r loggers.
#
# * <tt>server_settings</tt> -  Allows detailed configuration of the server:
#   * <tt>:address</tt> Allows you to use a remote mail server. Just change it from its default "localhost" setting.
#   * <tt>:port</tt> On the off chance that your mail server doesn't run on port 25, you can change it.
#   * <tt>:domain</tt> If you need to specify a HELO domain, you can do it here.
#   * <tt>:user_name</tt> If your mail server requires authentication, set the username in this setting.
#   * <tt>:password</tt> If your mail server requires authentication, set the password in this setting.
#   * <tt>:authentication</tt> If your mail server requires authentication, you need to specify the authentication type here.
#     This is a symbol and one of :plain, :login, :cram_md5
#
# * <tt>raise_delivery_errors</tt> - whether or not errors should be raised if the email fails to be delivered.
#
# * <tt>delivery_method</tt> - Defines a delivery method. Possible values are :smtp (default), :sendmail, and :test.
#   Sendmail is assumed to be present at "/usr/sbin/sendmail".
#
# * <tt>perform_deliveries</tt> - Determines whether deliver_* methods are actually carried out. By default they are,
#   but this can be turned off to help functional testing.
#
# * <tt>deliveries</tt> - Keeps an array of all the emails sent out through the Action Mailer with delivery_method :test. Most useful
#   for unit and functional testing.
#
# * <tt>default_charset</tt> - The default charset used for the body and to encode the subject. Defaults to UTF-8. You can also
#   pick a different charset from inside a method with <tt>@charset</tt>.
# * <tt>default_content_type</tt> - The default content type used for the main part of the message. Defaults to "text/plain". You
#   can also pick a different content type from inside a method with <tt>@content_type</tt>.
# * <tt>default_mime_version</tt> - The default mime version used for the message. Defaults to nil. You
#   can also pick a different value from inside a method with <tt>@mime_version</tt>. When multipart messages are in
#   use, <tt>@mime_version</tt> will be set to "1.0" if it is not set inside a method.
# * <tt>default_implicit_parts_order</tt> - When a message is built implicitly (i.e. multiple parts are assembled from templates
#   which specify the content type in their filenames) this variable controls how the parts are ordered. Defaults to
#   ["text/html", "text/enriched", "text/plain"]. Items that appear first in the array have higher priority in the mail client
#   and appear last in the mime encoded message. You can also pick a different order from inside a method with
#   <tt>@implicit_parts_order</tt>.
class Base
include AdvAttrAccessor, PartContainer

private_class_method :new #:nodoc:

cattr_accessor :template_root
cattr_accessor :logger

@@server_settings = {
:address        => "localhost",
:port           => 25,
:domain         => 'localhost.localdomain',
:user_name      => nil,
:password       => nil,
:authentication => nil
}
cattr_accessor :server_settings

@@raise_delivery_errors = true
cattr_accessor :raise_delivery_errors

@@delivery_method = :smtp
cattr_accessor :delivery_method

@@perform_deliveries = true
cattr_accessor :perform_deliveries

@@deliveries = []
cattr_accessor :deliveries

@@default_charset = "utf-8"
cattr_accessor :default_charset

@@default_content_type = "text/plain"
cattr_accessor :default_content_type

@@default_mime_version = nil
cattr_accessor :default_mime_version

@@default_implicit_parts_order = [ "text/html", "text/enriched", "text/plain" ]
cattr_accessor :default_implicit_parts_order

# Specify the BCC addresses for the message
adv_attr_accessor :bcc

# Define the body of the message. This is either a Hash (in which case it
# specifies the variables to pass to the template when it is rendered),
# or a string, in which case it specifies the actual text of the message.
adv_attr_accessor :body

# Specify the CC addresses for the message.
adv_attr_accessor :cc

# Specify the charset to use for the message. This defaults to the
# +default_charset+ specified for ActionMailer::Base.
adv_attr_accessor :charset

# Specify the content type for the message. This defaults to <tt>text/plain</tt>
# in most cases, but can be automatically set in some situations.
adv_attr_accessor :content_type

# Specify the from address for the message.
adv_attr_accessor :from

# Specify additional headers to be added to the message.
adv_attr_accessor :headers

# Specify the order in which parts should be sorted, based on content-type.
# This defaults to the value for the +default_implicit_parts_order+.
adv_attr_accessor :implicit_parts_order

# Override the mailer name, which defaults to an inflected version of the
# mailer's class name. If you want to use a template in a non-standard
# location, you can use this to specify that location.
adv_attr_accessor :mailer_name

# Defaults to "1.0", but may be explicitly given if needed.
adv_attr_accessor :mime_version

# The recipient addresses for the message, either as a string (for a single
# address) or an array (for multiple addresses).
adv_attr_accessor :recipients

# The date on which the message was sent. If not set (the default), the
# header will be set by the delivery agent.
adv_attr_accessor :sent_on

# Specify the subject of the message.
adv_attr_accessor :subject

# Specify the template name to use for current message. This is the "base"
# template name, without the extension or directory, and may be used to
# have multiple mailer methods share the same template.
adv_attr_accessor :template

# The mail object instance referenced by this mailer.
attr_reader :mail

class << self
def method_missing(method_symbol, *parameters)#:nodoc:
case method_symbol.id2name
when /^create_([_a-z]/w*)/  then new($1, *parameters).mail
when /^deliver_([_a-z]/w*)/ then new($1, *parameters).deliver!
when "new" then nil
else super
end
end

# Receives a raw email, parses it into an email object, decodes it,
# instantiates a new mailer, and passes the email object to the mailer
# object's #receive method. If you want your mailer to be able to
# process incoming messages, you'll need to implement a #receive
# method that accepts the email object as a parameter:
#
#   class MyMailer < ActionMailer::Base
#     def receive(mail)
#       ...
#     end
#   end
def receive(raw_email)
logger.info "Received mail:/n #{raw_email}" unless logger.nil?
mail = TMail::Mail.parse(raw_email)
mail.base64_decode
new.receive(mail)
end

# Deliver the given mail object directly. This can be used to deliver
# a preconstructed mail object, like:
#
#   email = MyMailer.create_some_mail(parameters)
#   email.set_some_obscure_header "frobnicate"
#   MyMailer.deliver(email)
def deliver(mail)
new.deliver!(mail)
end
end

# Instantiate a new mailer object. If +method_name+ is not +nil+, the mailer
# will be initialized according to the named method. If not, the mailer will
# remain uninitialized (useful when you only need to invoke the "receive"
# method, for instance).
def initialize(method_name=nil, *parameters) #:nodoc:
create!(method_name, *parameters) if method_name
end

# Initialize the mailer via the given +method_name+. The body will be
# rendered and a new TMail::Mail object created.
def create!(method_name, *parameters) #:nodoc:
initialize_defaults(method_name)
send(method_name, *parameters)

# If an explicit, textual body has not been set, we check assumptions.
unless String === @body
# First, we look to see if there are any likely templates that match,
# which include the content-type in their file name (i.e.,
# "the_template_file.text.html.rhtml", etc.). Only do this if parts
# have not already been specified manually.
if @parts.empty?
templates = Dir.glob("#{template_path}/#{@template}.*")
templates.each do |path|
type = (File.basename(path).split(".")[1..-2] || []).join("/")
next if type.empty?
@parts << Part.new(:content_type => type,
:disposition => "inline", :charset => charset,
:body => render_message(File.basename(path).split(".")[0..-2].join('.'), @body))
end
unless @parts.empty?
@content_type = "multipart/alternative"
@charset = nil
@parts = sort_parts(@parts, @implicit_parts_order)
end
end

# Then, if there were such templates, we check to see if we ought to
# also render a "normal" template (without the content type). If a
# normal template exists (or if there were no implicit parts) we render
# it.
template_exists = @parts.empty?
template_exists ||= Dir.glob("#{template_path}/#{@template}.*").any? { |i| i.split(".").length == 2 }
@body = render_message(@template, @body) if template_exists

# Finally, if there are other message parts and a textual body exists,
# we shift it onto the front of the parts and set the body to nil (so
# that create_mail doesn't try to render it in addition to the parts).
if !@parts.empty? && String === @body
@parts.unshift Part.new(:charset => charset, :body => @body)
@body = nil
end
end

# If this is a multipart e-mail add the mime_version if it is not
# already set.
@mime_version ||= "1.0" if !@parts.empty?

# build the mail object itself
@mail = create_mail
end

# Delivers a TMail::Mail object. By default, it delivers the cached mail
# object (from the #create! method). If no cached mail object exists, and
# no alternate has been given as the parameter, this will fail.
def deliver!(mail = @mail)
raise "no mail object available for delivery!" unless mail
logger.info "Sent mail:/n #{mail.encoded}" unless logger.nil?

begin
send("perform_delivery_#{delivery_method}", mail) if perform_deliveries
rescue Object => e
raise e if raise_delivery_errors
end

return mail
end

private
# Set up the default values for the various instance variables of this
# mailer. Subclasses may override this method to provide different
# defaults.
def initialize_defaults(method_name)
@charset ||= @@default_charset.dup
@content_type ||= @@default_content_type.dup
@implicit_parts_order ||= @@default_implicit_parts_order.dup
@template ||= method_name
@mailer_name ||= Inflector.underscore(self.class.name)
@parts ||= []
@headers ||= {}
@body ||= {}
@mime_version = @@default_mime_version.dup if @@default_mime_version
end

def render_message(method_name, body)
render :file => method_name, :body => body
end

def render(opts)
body = opts.delete(:body)
initialize_template_class(body).render(opts)
end

def template_path
"#{template_root}/#{mailer_name}"
end

def initialize_template_class(assigns)
ActionView::Base.new(template_path, assigns, self)
end

def sort_parts(parts, order = [])
order = order.collect { |s| s.downcase }

parts = parts.sort do |a, b|
a_ct = a.content_type.downcase
b_ct = b.content_type.downcase

a_in = order.include? a_ct
b_in = order.include? b_ct

s = case
when a_in && b_in
order.index(a_ct) <=> order.index(b_ct)
when a_in
-1
when b_in
1
else
a_ct <=> b_ct
end

# reverse the ordering because parts that come last are displayed
# first in mail clients
(s * -1)
end

parts
end

def create_mail
m = TMail::Mail.new

m.subject, = quote_any_if_necessary(charset, subject)
m.to, m.from = quote_any_address_if_necessary(charset, recipients, from)
m.bcc = quote_address_if_necessary(bcc, charset) unless bcc.nil?
m.cc  = quote_address_if_necessary(cc, charset) unless cc.nil?

m.mime_version = mime_version unless mime_version.nil?
m.date = sent_on.to_time rescue sent_on if sent_on
headers.each { |k, v| m[k] = v }

if @parts.empty?
m.set_content_type content_type, nil, { "charset" => charset }
m.body = Utils.normalize_new_lines(body)
else
if String === body
part = TMail::Mail.new
part.body = Utils.normalize_new_lines(body)
part.set_content_type content_type, nil, { "charset" => charset }
part.set_content_disposition "inline"
m.parts << part
end

@parts.each do |p|
part = (TMail::Mail === p ? p : p.to_mail(self))
m.parts << part
end

m.set_content_type(content_type, nil, { "charset" => charset }) if content_type =~ /multipart/
end

@mail = m
end

def perform_delivery_smtp(mail)
destinations = mail.destinations
mail.ready_to_send

Net::SMTP.start(server_settings[:address], server_settings[:port], server_settings[:domain],
server_settings[:user_name], server_settings[:password], server_settings[:authentication]) do |smtp|
smtp.sendmail(mail.encoded, mail.from, destinations)
end
end

def perform_delivery_sendmail(mail)
IO.popen("/usr/sbin/sendmail -i -t","w+") do |sm|
sm.print(mail.encoded.gsub(//r/, ''))
sm.flush
end
end

def perform_delivery_test(mail)
deliveries << mail
end
end
end

参考：

http://api.rubyonrails.org/classes/ActionMailer/Base.html

http://hideto.javaeye.com/blog/210980