实现一个用于处理数据库数据检索的详细信息的方法。下面的代码示例实现一个 GetData 方法，该方法对一个 SqlDataAdapter 组件进行初始化，并使用该组件填充 DataTable。然后，将 DataTable 绑定到 BindingSource 组件。请确保将 connectionString 变量的值设置为与数据库相应的值。您将需要访问安装了 Northwind SQL Server 示例数据库的服务器。

Visual Basic

复制代码

Private Sub GetData(ByVal selectCommand As String)

Try
' Specify a connection string. Replace the given value with a
' valid connection string for a Northwind SQL Server sample
' database accessible to your system.
Dim connectionString As String = _
"Integrated Security=SSPI;Persist Security Info=False;" + _
"Initial Catalog=Northwind;Data Source=localhost"

' Create a new data adapter based on the specified query.
Me.dataAdapter = New SqlDataAdapter(selectCommand, connectionString)

' Create a command builder to generate SQL update, insert, and
' delete commands based on selectCommand. These are used to
' update the database.
Dim commandBuilder As New SqlCommandBuilder(Me.dataAdapter)

' Populate a new data table and bind it to the BindingSource.
Dim table As New DataTable()
table.Locale = System.Globalization.CultureInfo.InvariantCulture
Me.dataAdapter.Fill(table)
Me.bindingSource1.DataSource = table

' Resize the DataGridView columns to fit the newly loaded content.
Me.dataGridView1.AutoResizeColumns( _
DataGridViewAutoSizeColumnsMode.AllCellsExceptHeader)
Catch ex As SqlException
MessageBox.Show("To run this example, replace the value of the " + _
"connectionString variable with a connection string that is " + _
"valid for your system.")
End Try

End Sub

复制代码

private void GetData(string selectCommand)
{
try
{
// Specify a connection string. Replace the given value with a
// valid connection string for a Northwind SQL Server sample
// database accessible to your system.
String connectionString =
"Integrated Security=SSPI;Persist Security Info=False;" +
"Initial Catalog=Northwind;Data Source=localhost";

// Create a new data adapter based on the specified query.
dataAdapter = new SqlDataAdapter(selectCommand, connectionString);

// Create a command builder to generate SQL update, insert, and
// delete commands based on selectCommand. These are used to
// update the database.
SqlCommandBuilder commandBuilder = new SqlCommandBuilder(dataAdapter);

// Populate a new data table and bind it to the BindingSource.
DataTable table = new DataTable();
table.Locale = System.Globalization.CultureInfo.InvariantCulture;
dataAdapter.Fill(table);
bindingSource1.DataSource = table;

// Resize the DataGridView columns to fit the newly loaded content.
dataGridView1.AutoResizeColumns(
DataGridViewAutoSizeColumnsMode.AllCellsExceptHeader);
}
catch (SqlException)
{
MessageBox.Show("To run this example, replace the value of the " +
"connectionString variable with a connection string that is " +
"valid for your system.");
}
}

C++

复制代码

private:
void GetData(String^ selectCommand)
{
try
{
// Specify a connection string. Replace the given value with a
// valid connection string for a Northwind SQL Server sample
// database accessible to your system.
String^ connectionString =
"Integrated Security=SSPI;Persist Security Info=False;" +
"Initial Catalog=Northwind;Data Source=localhost";

// Create a new data adapter based on the specified query.
dataAdapter = gcnew SqlDataAdapter(selectCommand, connectionString);

// Create a command builder to generate SQL update, insert, and
// delete commands based on selectCommand. These are used to
// update the database.
gcnew SqlCommandBuilder(dataAdapter);

// Populate a new data table and bind it to the BindingSource.
DataTable^ table = gcnew DataTable();
dataAdapter->Fill(table);
bindingSource1->DataSource = table;

// Resize the DataGridView columns to fit the newly loaded content.
dataGridView1->AutoResizeColumns(
DataGridViewAutoSizeColumnsMode::AllCellsExceptHeader);
}
catch (SqlException^)
{
MessageBox::Show("To run this example, replace the value of the " +
"connectionString variable with a connection string that is " +
"valid for your system.");
}
}

在窗体的 Load 事件处理程序中，将 DataGridView 控件绑定到 BindingSource 组件，并调用 GetData 方法从数据库中检索数据。

Visual Basic

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Private Sub Form1_Load(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) _
Handles Me.Load

' Bind the DataGridView to the BindingSource
' and load the data from the database.
Me.dataGridView1.DataSource = Me.bindingSource1
GetData("select * from Customers")

End Sub

复制代码

private void Form1_Load(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
// Bind the DataGridView to the BindingSource
// and load the data from the database.
dataGridView1.DataSource = bindingSource1;
GetData("select * from Customers");
}

C++

复制代码

void Form1_Load(Object^ /*sender*/, System::EventArgs^ /*e*/)
{
// Bind the DataGridView to the BindingSource
// and load the data from the database.
dataGridView1->DataSource = bindingSource1;
GetData("select * from Customers");
}

示例

下面的完整代码示例提供的按钮用于从数据库重新加载数据和向数据库提交更改。

Visual Basic

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Imports System
Imports System.Data
Imports System.Data.SqlClient
Imports System.Windows.Forms

Public Class Form1
Inherits System.Windows.Forms.Form

Private dataGridView1 As New DataGridView()
Private bindingSource1 As New BindingSource()
Private dataAdapter As New SqlDataAdapter()
Private WithEvents reloadButton As New Button()
Private WithEvents submitButton As New Button()

<STAThreadAttribute()> _
Public Shared Sub Main()
Application.Run(New Form1())
End Sub

' Initialize the form.
Public Sub New()

Me.dataGridView1.Dock = DockStyle.Fill

Me.reloadButton.Text = "reload"
Me.submitButton.Text = "submit"

Dim panel As New FlowLayoutPanel()
panel.Dock = DockStyle.Top
panel.AutoSize = True
panel.Controls.AddRange(New Control() {Me.reloadButton, Me.submitButton})

Me.Controls.AddRange(New Control() {Me.dataGridView1, panel})
Me.Text = "DataGridView databinding and updating demo"

End Sub

Private Sub Form1_Load(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) _
Handles Me.Load

' Bind the DataGridView to the BindingSource
' and load the data from the database.
Me.dataGridView1.DataSource = Me.bindingSource1
GetData("select * from Customers")

End Sub
Private Sub reloadButton_Click(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) _
Handles reloadButton.Click

' Reload the data from the database.
GetData(Me.dataAdapter.SelectCommand.CommandText)

End Sub

Private Sub submitButton_Click(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) _
Handles submitButton.Click

' Update the database with the user's changes.
Me.dataAdapter.Update(CType(Me.bindingSource1.DataSource, DataTable))

End Sub

Private Sub GetData(ByVal selectCommand As String)

Try
' Specify a connection string. Replace the given value with a
' valid connection string for a Northwind SQL Server sample
' database accessible to your system.
Dim connectionString As String = _
"Integrated Security=SSPI;Persist Security Info=False;" + _
"Initial Catalog=Northwind;Data Source=localhost"

' Create a new data adapter based on the specified query.
Me.dataAdapter = New SqlDataAdapter(selectCommand, connectionString)

' Create a command builder to generate SQL update, insert, and
' delete commands based on selectCommand. These are used to
' update the database.
Dim commandBuilder As New SqlCommandBuilder(Me.dataAdapter)

' Populate a new data table and bind it to the BindingSource.
Dim table As New DataTable()
table.Locale = System.Globalization.CultureInfo.InvariantCulture
Me.dataAdapter.Fill(table)
Me.bindingSource1.DataSource = table

' Resize the DataGridView columns to fit the newly loaded content.
Me.dataGridView1.AutoResizeColumns( _
DataGridViewAutoSizeColumnsMode.AllCellsExceptHeader)
Catch ex As SqlException
MessageBox.Show("To run this example, replace the value of the " + _
"connectionString variable with a connection string that is " + _
"valid for your system.")
End Try

End Sub
End Class

复制代码

using System;
using System.Data;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
using System.Windows.Forms;

public class Form1 : System.Windows.Forms.Form
{
private DataGridView dataGridView1 = new DataGridView();
private BindingSource bindingSource1 = new BindingSource();
private SqlDataAdapter dataAdapter = new SqlDataAdapter();
private Button reloadButton = new Button();
private Button submitButton = new Button();

[STAThreadAttribute()]
public static void Main()
{
Application.Run(new Form1());
}

// Initialize the form.
public Form1()
{
dataGridView1.Dock = DockStyle.Fill;

reloadButton.Text = "reload";
submitButton.Text = "submit";
reloadButton.Click += new System.EventHandler(reloadButton_Click);
submitButton.Click += new System.EventHandler(submitButton_Click);

FlowLayoutPanel panel = new FlowLayoutPanel();
panel.Dock = DockStyle.Top;
panel.AutoSize = true;
panel.Controls.AddRange(new Control[] { reloadButton, submitButton });

this.Controls.AddRange(new Control[] { dataGridView1, panel });
this.Load += new System.EventHandler(Form1_Load);
this.Text = "DataGridView databinding and updating demo";
}

private void Form1_Load(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
// Bind the DataGridView to the BindingSource
// and load the data from the database.
dataGridView1.DataSource = bindingSource1;
GetData("select * from Customers");
}
private void reloadButton_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
// Reload the data from the database.
GetData(dataAdapter.SelectCommand.CommandText);
}

private void submitButton_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
// Update the database with the user's changes.
dataAdapter.Update((DataTable)bindingSource1.DataSource);
}

private void GetData(string selectCommand)
{
try
{
// Specify a connection string. Replace the given value with a
// valid connection string for a Northwind SQL Server sample
// database accessible to your system.
String connectionString =
"Integrated Security=SSPI;Persist Security Info=False;" +
"Initial Catalog=Northwind;Data Source=localhost";

// Create a new data adapter based on the specified query.
dataAdapter = new SqlDataAdapter(selectCommand, connectionString);

// Create a command builder to generate SQL update, insert, and
// delete commands based on selectCommand. These are used to
// update the database.
SqlCommandBuilder commandBuilder = new SqlCommandBuilder(dataAdapter);

// Populate a new data table and bind it to the BindingSource.
DataTable table = new DataTable();
table.Locale = System.Globalization.CultureInfo.InvariantCulture;
dataAdapter.Fill(table);
bindingSource1.DataSource = table;

// Resize the DataGridView columns to fit the newly loaded content.
dataGridView1.AutoResizeColumns(
DataGridViewAutoSizeColumnsMode.AllCellsExceptHeader);
}
catch (SqlException)
{
MessageBox.Show("To run this example, replace the value of the " +
"connectionString variable with a connection string that is " +
"valid for your system.");
}
}
}

C++

复制代码

#using <System.Data.dll>
#using <System.Transactions.dll>
#using <System.EnterpriseServices.dll>
#using <System.Xml.dll>
#using <System.Drawing.dll>
#using <System.dll>
#using <System.Windows.Forms.dll>

using namespace System;
using namespace System::Data;
using namespace System::Data::SqlClient;
using namespace System::Windows::Forms;

public ref class Form1 : public System::Windows::Forms::Form
{
private:
DataGridView^ dataGridView1;
private:
BindingSource^ bindingSource1;
private:
SqlDataAdapter^ dataAdapter;
private:
Button^ reloadButton;
private:
Button^ submitButton;

public:
static void Main()
{
Application::Run(gcnew Form1());
}

// Initialize the form.
public:
Form1()
{
dataGridView1 = gcnew DataGridView();
bindingSource1 = gcnew BindingSource();
dataAdapter = gcnew SqlDataAdapter();
reloadButton = gcnew Button();
submitButton = gcnew Button();

dataGridView1->Dock = DockStyle::Fill;

reloadButton->Text = "reload";
submitButton->Text = "submit";
reloadButton->Click += gcnew System::EventHandler(this,&Form1::reloadButton_Click);
submitButton->Click += gcnew System::EventHandler(this,&Form1::submitButton_Click);

FlowLayoutPanel^ panel = gcnew FlowLayoutPanel();
panel->Dock = DockStyle::Top;
panel->AutoSize = true;
panel->Controls->AddRange(gcnew array<Control^> { reloadButton, submitButton });

this->Controls->AddRange(gcnew array<Control^> { dataGridView1, panel });
this->Load += gcnew System::EventHandler(this,&Form1::Form1_Load);
}

void Form1_Load(Object^ /*sender*/, System::EventArgs^ /*e*/)
{
// Bind the DataGridView to the BindingSource
// and load the data from the database.
dataGridView1->DataSource = bindingSource1;
GetData("select * from Customers");
}
void reloadButton_Click(Object^ /*sender*/, System::EventArgs^ /*e*/)
{
// Reload the data from the database.
GetData(dataAdapter->SelectCommand->CommandText);
}

void submitButton_Click(Object^ /*sender*/, System::EventArgs^ /*e*/)
{
// Update the database with the user's changes.
dataAdapter->Update((DataTable^)bindingSource1->DataSource);
}

private:
void GetData(String^ selectCommand)
{
try
{
// Specify a connection string. Replace the given value with a
// valid connection string for a Northwind SQL Server sample
// database accessible to your system.
String^ connectionString =
"Integrated Security=SSPI;Persist Security Info=False;" +
"Initial Catalog=Northwind;Data Source=localhost";

// Create a new data adapter based on the specified query.
dataAdapter = gcnew SqlDataAdapter(selectCommand, connectionString);

// Create a command builder to generate SQL update, insert, and
// delete commands based on selectCommand. These are used to
// update the database.
gcnew SqlCommandBuilder(dataAdapter);

// Populate a new data table and bind it to the BindingSource.
DataTable^ table = gcnew DataTable();
dataAdapter->Fill(table);
bindingSource1->DataSource = table;

// Resize the DataGridView columns to fit the newly loaded content.
dataGridView1->AutoResizeColumns(
DataGridViewAutoSizeColumnsMode::AllCellsExceptHeader);
}
catch (SqlException^)
{
MessageBox::Show("To run this example, replace the value of the " +
"connectionString variable with a connection string that is " +
"valid for your system.");
}
}};

编译代码

此示例需要：

对 System、System.Windows.Forms、System.Data 和 System.XML 程序集的引用。

安全

将敏感信息（如密码）存储在连接字符串中可能会影响您的应用程序的安全性。若要控制对数据库的访问，一种较为安全的方法是使用 Windows 身份验证（也称为集成安全性）。有关更多信息，请参见保护连接字符串。

请参见

参考

DataGridView
System.Windows.Forms.DataGridView.DataSource
BindingSource

其他资源

在 Windows 窗体 DataGridView 控件中显示数据
保护连接字符串

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