Java版AVG游戏开发入门[0]——游戏模式转换中的事件交互 推荐

AVG，即Adventure Game，可以直译为[冒险游戏]。但是通常情况下我们说AVG是指[文字冒险游戏]，也有人更直白的解释成自己选择路线和结局的电子小说，与硬砍硬杀的RPG或者揉破键盘的ACT不同，AVG多以解谜或文字游戏等脑力攻关推动剧情发展。现在日本流行的ADV，可以看作是AVG英文全称的不同缩写方式，大体上讲，AVG == ADV。

由于商业化需要，现代主流的AVG往往是GalGame，也就是少女游戏，或称少女恋爱游戏，但GalGame != AVG，只是下属分支中的一环罢了，AVG包含GalGame，但GalGame并不能完全代表AVG/ADV。另外关于GalGame的详细介绍，在若木民喜《只有神才知道的世界》中演绎的相当生动，有兴趣的可以自己去看看~



就技术角度而言，AVG开发可以算得所有游戏类型中最容易的。一款简单AVG游戏的制作难度甚至在贪食蛇、俄罗斯方块之下。由于实现的简易性，导致AVG的开发重心往往着重于策划及美工，程序员的作用则微乎其微。同时也正因AVG开发的门坎约等于0，所以此类型的同人游戏之多即可堪称世界之冠。另外，AVG开发工具普及的也促进了AVG的量产化。利用工具，即始是小说作者、漫画家等非软件专业出身的人士，往往也能轻易制作出顶级的AVG大作。（顺便一提，目前我所见过最好的AVG制作工具是鬼子的livemaker，采用类似思维导图的方式构造整个游戏，很多轻小说作者乃至网络漫画家用它制作自己作品的宣传游戏。但就技术角度上说，livemaker的开发依旧没什么难度......）

由于AVG的大泛滥，通常仅有文字、图片及语音的AVG往往无法满足用户需求（H除外-_-）。我们每每可在AVG游戏类型后发现个+号，比如《樱花大战》是AVG+SLG，《生化危机》是AVG+ACT。所以客观上说，AVG开发仅仅能进行字图的交互是不够的，还要解决多模块组件的协调问题。

在Java桌面应用开发中,我们都知道绘图是极为简单的，有Image、Graphics两个对象就可以Paint一个图形，即使图形对象再多，最后它们也必须统一在一个Paint中，所以Java中不存在图像的交互问题。

但问题在于，图像的显示可以统一，但是触发图像变化的事件却是很难统一的。比如现在有需求如下，在AVG模式中，触发键盘事件上、下、左、右时为控制画面的前进、后退，切换模式到SLG模
式后，设定上、下、左、右是光标移动，那么如果我要在程序中实现，就必须记录当前模式，而后根据不同模式调用事件，再反馈到图形上。如果只有几个事件的区
别，我们当然可以很容易用分支来实现；问题是，随着游戏规模的加大，这些分支将成几何倍数增多，单纯的分支判定到最后只能忙于应付，落个费力不讨好。

其实在这时，我们大可以使用一些技巧来轻松解决问题。

示例如下：

首先，我们构造一个接口，命名为IControl，继承鼠标及键盘监听，并在其中设定两个抽象方法：

view plaincopy to clipboardprint?package org.loon.simple.avg;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.event.KeyListener;
import java.awt.event.MouseListener;
import java.awt.event.MouseMotionListener;
/**
* Copyright 2008 - 2009
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not
* use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of
* the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
* WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
* License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
* the License.
*
* @project loonframework
* @author chenpeng
* @email：[email]ceponline@yahoo.com.cn[/email]
* @version 0.1
*/
public interface IControl extends MouseListener, MouseMotionListener,
KeyListener {
public abstract void draw(final Graphics g);
public abstract IControl invoke();
}

package org.loon.simple.avg;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.event.KeyListener;
import java.awt.event.MouseListener;
import java.awt.event.MouseMotionListener;
/**
* Copyright 2008 - 2009
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not
* use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of
* the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed . an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
* WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
* License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
* the License.
*
* @project loonframework
* @author chenpeng
* @email：[email]ceponline@yahoo.com.cn[/email]
* @version 0.1
*/
public interface IControl extends MouseListener, MouseMotionListener,
KeyListener {
public abstract void draw(final Graphics g);
public abstract IControl invoke();
}

而后，再构造一个接口，命名为IAVG，同样继承鼠标及键盘监听，并在其中设定三个抽象方法，用以操作IControl接口：

view plaincopy to clipboardprint?package org.loon.simple.avg;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.event.KeyListener;
import java.awt.event.MouseListener;
import java.awt.event.MouseMotionListener;
/**
* Copyright 2008 - 2009
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not
* use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of
* the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
* WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
* License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
* the License.
*
* @project loonframework
* @author chenpeng
* @email：[email]ceponline@yahoo.com.cn[/email]
* @version 0.1
*/
public interface IAVG extends MouseListener, MouseMotionListener,
KeyListener {
public abstract void draw(final Graphics g);
public abstract IControl getControl();
public abstract void setControl(final IControl control);
}

package org.loon.simple.avg;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.event.KeyListener;
import java.awt.event.MouseListener;
import java.awt.event.MouseMotionListener;
/**
* Copyright 2008 - 2009
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not
* use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of
* the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed . an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
* WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
* License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
* the License.
*
* @project loonframework
* @author chenpeng
* @email：[email]ceponline@yahoo.com.cn[/email]
* @version 0.1
*/
public interface IAVG extends MouseListener, MouseMotionListener,
KeyListener {
public abstract void draw(final Graphics g);
public abstract IControl getControl();
public abstract void setControl(final IControl control);
}

再后，制作一个显示图像用组件，命名为AVGCanva，继承自Canvas。

view plaincopy to clipboardprint?package org.loon.simple.avg;
import java.awt.Canvas;
import java.awt.Graphics;
/**
* Copyright 2008 - 2009
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not
* use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of
* the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
* WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
* License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
* the License.
*
* @project loonframework
* @author chenpeng
* @email：[email]ceponline@yahoo.com.cn[/email]
* @version 0.1
*/
public class AVGCanvas extends Canvas {
/**
*
*/
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1982278682597393958L;
private boolean start;
private IAVG avg;
public AVGCanvas(IAVG handler) {
this.avg = handler;
this.start = false;
this.addKeyListener(handler);
this.addMouseListener(handler);
this.addMouseMotionListener(handler);
}

public void update(Graphics g) {
paint(g);
}
public void paint(Graphics g) {
if (this.start) {
this.avg.draw(g);
}
}
public void startPaint() {
this.start = true;
}
public void endPaint() {
this.start = false;
}
}

package org.loon.simple.avg;
import java.awt.Canvas;
import java.awt.Graphics;
/**
* Copyright 2008 - 2009
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not
* use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of
* the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed . an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
* WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
* License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
* the License.
*
* @project loonframework
* @author chenpeng
* @email：[email]ceponline@yahoo.com.cn[/email]
* @version 0.1
*/
public class AVGCanvas extends Canvas {
/**
*
*/
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1982278682597393958L;
private boolean start;
private IAVG avg;
public AVGCanvas(IAVG handler) {
this.avg = handler;
this.start = false;
this.addKeyListener(handler);
this.addMouseListener(handler);
this.addMouseMotionListener(handler);
}

public void update(Graphics g) {
paint(g);
}
public void paint(Graphics g) {
if (this.start) {
this.avg.draw(g);
}
}
public void startPaint() {
this.start = true;
}
public void endPaint() {
this.start = false;
}
}

这段代码中的paint方法中并没有现成的方法，而是调用了IAVG接口的draw。紧接着，我们再设定一个AVGFrame用以加载AVGCanvas。

view plaincopy to clipboardprint?package org.loon.simple.avg;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Dimension;
import java.awt.Frame;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

/**
* Copyright 2008 - 2009
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not
* use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of
* the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
* WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
* License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
* the License.
*
* @project loonframework
* @author chenpeng
* @email：[email]ceponline@yahoo.com.cn[/email]
* @version 0.1
*/
public class AVGFrame extends Frame implements Runnable {
/**
*
*/
private static final long serialVersionUID = 198284399945549558L;
private IAVG avg;
private AVGCanvas canvas;
private boolean fps;
private String titleName;
private Thread mainLoop;
public AVGFrame(String titleName, int width, int height) {
this(new AVG(), titleName, width, height);
}
public AVGFrame(IAVG avg, String titleName, int width, int height) {
super(titleName);
Lib.WIDTH = width;
Lib.HEIGHT = height;
this.avg = avg;
this.titleName = titleName;
this.addKeyListener(avg);
this.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(width + 5, height + 25));
this.initCanvas(Lib.WIDTH, Lib.HEIGHT);
this.pack();
this.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
System.exit(0);
}
});
this.setResizable(false);
this.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
this.setVisible(true);
}
public void run() {
gameLoop();
}
/**
* 开始循环窗体图像
*
*/
private synchronized void gameLoop() {
canvas.startPaint();
long second = 0L;
int moveCount = 0;
// 循环绘制
for (;;) {
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
this.paintScreen();
long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
long time = end - start;
long sleepTime = 20L - time;
if (sleepTime < 0L)
sleepTime = 0L;
try {
Thread.sleep(sleepTime);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
if (this.fps) {
moveCount++;
second += System.currentTimeMillis() - start;
if (second >= 1000L) {
this.setTitle(new StringBuilder(titleName).append(" FPS:")
.append(moveCount).toString());
moveCount = 0;
second = 0L;
}
}
}
}
/**
* 启动游戏循环
*
*/
public void mainLoop() {
this.mainLoop = new Thread(this);
this.mainLoop.start();
}
/**
* 初始化背景帆布
*
* @param width
* @param height
*/
private void initCanvas(final int width, final int height) {
canvas = new AVGCanvas(avg);
canvas.setBackground(Color.black);
canvas.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(width, height));
this.add(canvas);
}
public IAVG getAVG() {
return this.avg;
}
protected void processWindowEvent(WindowEvent e) {
super.processWindowEvent(e);
}
public synchronized void paintScreen() {
canvas.repaint();
}
public boolean isShowFPS() {
return fps;
}
public void setShowFPS(boolean fps) {
this.fps = fps;
}
public Thread getMainLoop() {
return mainLoop;
}
public String getTitleName() {
return titleName;
}
}

package org.loon.simple.avg;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Dimension;
import java.awt.Frame;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
/**
* Copyright 2008 - 2009
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not
* use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of
* the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed . an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
* WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
* License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
* the License.
*
* @project loonframework
* @author chenpeng
* @email：[email]ceponline@yahoo.com.cn[/email]
* @version 0.1
*/
public class AVGFrame extends Frame implements Runnable {
/**
*
*/
private static final long serialVersionUID = 198284399945549558L;
private IAVG avg;
private AVGCanvas canvas;
private boolean fps;
private String titleName;
private Thread mainLoop;
public AVGFrame(String titleName, int width, int height) {
this(new AVG(), titleName, width, height);
}
public AVGFrame(IAVG avg, String titleName, int width, int height) {
super(titleName);
Lib.WIDTH = width;
Lib.HEIGHT = height;
this.avg = avg;
this.titleName = titleName;
this.addKeyListener(avg);
this.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(width + 5, height + 25));
this.initCanvas(Lib.WIDTH, Lib.HEIGHT);
this.pack();
this.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
System.exit(0);
}
});
this.setResizable(false);
this.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
this.setVisible(true);
}
public void run() {
gameLoop();
}
/**
* 开始循环窗体图像
*
*/
private synchronized void gameLoop() {
canvas.startPaint();
long second = 0L;
int moveCount = 0;
// 循环绘制
for (;;) {
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
this.paintScreen();
long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
long time = end - start;
long sleepTime = 20L - time;
if (sleepTime < 0L)
sleepTime = 0L;
try {
Thread.sleep(sleepTime);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
if (this.fps) {
moveCount++;
second += System.currentTimeMillis() - start;
if (second >= 1000L) {
this.setTitle(new StringBuilder(titleName).append(" FPS:")
.append(moveCount).toString());
moveCount = 0;
second = 0L;
}
}
}
}
/**
* 启动游戏循环
*
*/
public void mainLoop() {
this.mainLoop = new Thread(this);
this.mainLoop.start();
}
/**
* 初始化背景帆布
*
* @param width
* @param height
*/
private void initCanvas(final int width, final int height) {
canvas = new AVGCanvas(avg);
canvas.setBackground(Color.black);
canvas.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(width, height));
this.add(canvas);
}
public IAVG getAVG() {
return this.avg;
}
protected void processWindowEvent(WindowEvent e) {
super.processWindowEvent(e);
}
public synchronized void paintScreen() {
canvas.repaint();
}
public boolean isShowFPS() {
return fps;
}
public void setShowFPS(boolean fps) {
this.fps = fps;
}
public Thread getMainLoop() {
return mainLoop;
}
public String getTitleName() {
return titleName;
}
}

我们可以看到，在本例鼠标键盘事件及图像绘制完全通过接口方式实现。此时，只要让不同组件统一实现IControl接口，便可以轻松转换事件及图像的绘制。也正是我们都再熟悉不过的MVC模式中，通过Event导致Controller改变Model及View的基本原理。

下一回，我们将具体讲解一个AVG游戏实现的基本流程。

示例代码界面如下图：










、

示例程序下载地址：http://download.csdn.net/source/999273（源码在jar内）