WPF界面设计技巧（2）—自定义漂亮的按钮样式

上次做了个很酷的不规则窗体，这次我们来弄点好看的按钮出来，此次将采用纯代码来设计按钮样式，不需要 Microsoft Expression Design 辅助了。

首先打开 Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 ，新建一个WPF项目，在上面随便放几个按钮：

<Application x:Class="WPFButton.App"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
StartupUri="Window1.xaml">
<Application.Resources>
<!--定义按钮样式-->
<Style TargetType="Button">
<Setter Property="Foreground" Value="Black"/>
<!--修改模板属性-->
<Setter Property="Template">
<Setter.Value>
<!--控件模板-->
<ControlTemplate TargetType="Button">
<!--背景色-->
<Border x:Name="back" Opacity="0.8" CornerRadius="3">
<Border.BitmapEffect>
<OuterGlowBitmapEffect Opacity="0.7" GlowSize="0" GlowColor="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource TemplatedParent}, Path=(Button.Background).(SolidColorBrush.Color)}" />
</Border.BitmapEffect>
<Border.Background>
<LinearGradientBrush StartPoint="0,0" EndPoint="0,1.5">
<GradientBrush.GradientStops>
<GradientStopCollection>
<GradientStop Color="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource TemplatedParent}, Path=(Button.Background).(SolidColorBrush.Color)}" Offset="0"/>
<GradientStop Color="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource TemplatedParent}, Path=(Button.Background).(SolidColorBrush.Color)}" Offset="0.4"/>
<GradientStop Color="#FFF" Offset="1"/>
</GradientStopCollection>
</GradientBrush.GradientStops>
</LinearGradientBrush>
</Border.Background>
<!--前景色及边框-->
<Border x:Name="fore" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="3" BorderBrush="#5555">
<Border.Background>
<LinearGradientBrush StartPoint="0,0" EndPoint="0,1">
<GradientBrush.GradientStops>
<GradientStopCollection>
<GradientStop Color="#6FFF" Offset="0.5"/>
<GradientStop Color="#1111" Offset="0.51"/>
</GradientStopCollection>
</GradientBrush.GradientStops>
</LinearGradientBrush>
</Border.Background>
<!--按钮内容-->
<ContentPresenter x:Name="content" HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center" Content="{TemplateBinding Content}">
<ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect>
<DropShadowBitmapEffect Color="#000" Direction="-90" ShadowDepth="2" Softness="0.1" Opacity="0.3" />
</ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect>
</ContentPresenter>
</Border>
</Border>
<!--触发器-->
<ControlTemplate.Triggers>
<!--鼠标移入移出-->
<Trigger Property="IsMouseOver" Value="True">
<Trigger.EnterActions>
<BeginStoryboard>
<Storyboard>
<DoubleAnimation To="6" Duration="0:0:0.2" Storyboard.TargetName="back" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.BitmapEffect).(OuterGlowBitmapEffect.GlowSize)" />
<ColorAnimation To="#AFFF" BeginTime="0:0:0.2" Duration="0:0:0.2" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[0].(GradientStop.Color)" />
<ColorAnimation To="#3FFF" BeginTime="0:0:0.2" Duration="0:0:0.2" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[1].(GradientStop.Color)" />
</Storyboard>
</BeginStoryboard>
</Trigger.EnterActions>
<Trigger.ExitActions>
<BeginStoryboard>
<Storyboard>
<DoubleAnimation Duration="0:0:0.2" Storyboard.TargetName="back" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.BitmapEffect).(OuterGlowBitmapEffect.GlowSize)" />
<ColorAnimation Duration="0:0:0.2" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[0].(GradientStop.Color)" />
<ColorAnimation Duration="0:0:0.2" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[1].(GradientStop.Color)" />
</Storyboard>
</BeginStoryboard>
</Trigger.ExitActions>
</Trigger>
<!--按钮按下弹起-->
<Trigger Property="IsPressed" Value="True">
<Trigger.EnterActions>
<BeginStoryboard>
<Storyboard>
<DoubleAnimation To="3" Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="back" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.BitmapEffect).(OuterGlowBitmapEffect.GlowSize)" />
<ColorAnimation To="#3AAA" Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[0].(GradientStop.Color)" />
<ColorAnimation To="#2111" Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[1].(GradientStop.Color)" />
</Storyboard>
</BeginStoryboard>
</Trigger.EnterActions>
<Trigger.ExitActions>
<BeginStoryboard>
<Storyboard>
<DoubleAnimation Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="back" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.BitmapEffect).(OuterGlowBitmapEffect.GlowSize)" />
<ColorAnimation Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[0].(GradientStop.Color)" />
<ColorAnimation Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[1].(GradientStop.Color)" />
</Storyboard>
</BeginStoryboard>
</Trigger.ExitActions>
</Trigger>
<!--按钮失效-->
<Trigger Property="IsEnabled" Value="False">
<Setter Property="Foreground" Value="#B444"/>
<Trigger.EnterActions>
<BeginStoryboard>
<Storyboard>
<DoubleAnimation To="0" Duration="0:0:0.3" Storyboard.TargetName="back" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.BitmapEffect).(OuterGlowBitmapEffect.GlowSize)" />
<DoubleAnimation To="1" Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="content" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect).(DropShadowBitmapEffect.Opacity)" />
<DoubleAnimation To="-135" Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="content" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect).(DropShadowBitmapEffect.Direction)" />
<ColorAnimation To="#FFF" Duration="0:0:0.3" Storyboard.TargetName="content" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect).(DropShadowBitmapEffect.Color)" />
<ColorAnimation To="#D555" Duration="0:0:0.3" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.BorderBrush).(SolidColorBrush.Color)" />
<ColorAnimation To="#CEEE" Duration="0:0:0.3" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[0].(GradientStop.Color)" />
<ColorAnimation To="#CDDD" Duration="0:0:0.3" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[1].(GradientStop.Color)" />
</Storyboard>
</BeginStoryboard>
</Trigger.EnterActions>
<Trigger.ExitActions>
<BeginStoryboard>
<Storyboard>
<DoubleAnimation Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="back" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.BitmapEffect).(OuterGlowBitmapEffect.GlowSize)" />
<DoubleAnimation Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="content" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect).(DropShadowBitmapEffect.Opacity)" />
<DoubleAnimation Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="content" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect).(DropShadowBitmapEffect.Direction)" />
<ColorAnimation Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="content" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect).(DropShadowBitmapEffect.Color)" />
<ColorAnimation Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.BorderBrush).(SolidColorBrush.Color)" />
<ColorAnimation Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[0].(GradientStop.Color)" />
<ColorAnimation Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[1].(GradientStop.Color)" />
</Storyboard>
</BeginStoryboard>
</Trigger.ExitActions>
</Trigger>
</ControlTemplate.Triggers>
</ControlTemplate>
</Setter.Value>
</Setter>
</Style>
</Application.Resources>
</Application>

看了先不要头大，我们先看看最终效果，然后回过头来再解释代码：

<Border.Background>
<LinearGradientBrush StartPoint="0,0" EndPoint="0,1.5">
<GradientBrush.GradientStops>
<GradientStopCollection>
<GradientStop Color="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource TemplatedParent}, Path=(Button.Background).(SolidColorBrush.Color)}" Offset="0"/>
<GradientStop Color="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource TemplatedParent}, Path=(Button.Background).(SolidColorBrush.Color)}" Offset="0.4"/>
<GradientStop Color="#FFF" Offset="1"/>
</GradientStopCollection>
</GradientBrush.GradientStops>
</LinearGradientBrush>
</Border.Background>

其背景所用的是一个渐变笔刷，起始值和中间值都是引用的按钮本身的背景色，就是我们之前设置过的颜色啦，终止值是白色，这样通过位置调整，我们可以在按钮最下部产生一些向白色的过度色彩效果。

<Border.BitmapEffect>
<OuterGlowBitmapEffect Opacity="0.7" GlowSize="0" GlowColor="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource TemplatedParent}, Path=(Button.Background).(SolidColorBrush.Color)}" />
</Border.BitmapEffect>

它的 BitmapEffect 属性我们设置了一个大小为 0 的外发光效果，平常是看不见这效果的，在这里预先设置好，是为了在鼠标移入、按下时实现动画使用。

<Border.Background>
<LinearGradientBrush StartPoint="0,0" EndPoint="0,1">
<GradientBrush.GradientStops>
<GradientStopCollection>
<GradientStop Color="#6FFF" Offset="0.5"/>
<GradientStop Color="#1111" Offset="0.51"/>
</GradientStopCollection>
</GradientBrush.GradientStops>
</LinearGradientBrush>
</Border.Background>

它的背景同样采用的渐变笔刷，起始值和终止值的位置几乎贴在一起，从而形成比较鲜明的反光度对比。

<ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect>
<DropShadowBitmapEffect Color="#000" Direction="-90" ShadowDepth="2" Softness="0.1" Opacity="0.3" />
</ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect>

我为之加了一个不太明显的阴影滤镜以增强显示效果。

<!--鼠标移入移出-->
<Trigger Property="IsMouseOver" Value="True">
<Trigger.EnterActions>
<BeginStoryboard>
<Storyboard>
<DoubleAnimation To="6" Duration="0:0:0.2" Storyboard.TargetName="back" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.BitmapEffect).(OuterGlowBitmapEffect.GlowSize)" />
<ColorAnimation To="#AFFF" BeginTime="0:0:0.2" Duration="0:0:0.2" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[0].(GradientStop.Color)" />
<ColorAnimation To="#3FFF" BeginTime="0:0:0.2" Duration="0:0:0.2" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[1].(GradientStop.Color)" />
</Storyboard>
</BeginStoryboard>
</Trigger.EnterActions>
<Trigger.ExitActions>
<BeginStoryboard>
<Storyboard>
<DoubleAnimation Duration="0:0:0.2" Storyboard.TargetName="back" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.BitmapEffect).(OuterGlowBitmapEffect.GlowSize)" />
<ColorAnimation Duration="0:0:0.2" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[0].(GradientStop.Color)" />
<ColorAnimation Duration="0:0:0.2" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[1].(GradientStop.Color)" />
</Storyboard>
</BeginStoryboard>
</Trigger.ExitActions>
</Trigger>

在鼠标移入按钮时，我依次创建了改变外发光效果大小、改变上部反光区域颜色、改变下部反光区域颜色的动画，这里的要点就在于“Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[1].(GradientStop.Color)"”属性设置语句，琢磨一下你就能看出这是对属性路径的描述，只不过它们写起来和看起来都很让人生气。

<!--按钮按下弹起-->
<Trigger Property="IsPressed" Value="True">
<Trigger.EnterActions>
<BeginStoryboard>
<Storyboard>
<DoubleAnimation To="3" Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="back" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.BitmapEffect).(OuterGlowBitmapEffect.GlowSize)" />
<ColorAnimation To="#3AAA" Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[0].(GradientStop.Color)" />
<ColorAnimation To="#2111" Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[1].(GradientStop.Color)" />
</Storyboard>
</BeginStoryboard>
</Trigger.EnterActions>
<Trigger.ExitActions>
<BeginStoryboard>
<Storyboard>
<DoubleAnimation Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="back" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.BitmapEffect).(OuterGlowBitmapEffect.GlowSize)" />
<ColorAnimation Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[0].(GradientStop.Color)" />
<ColorAnimation Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[1].(GradientStop.Color)" />
</Storyboard>
</BeginStoryboard>
</Trigger.ExitActions>
</Trigger>

按下和弹起按钮时，我们做了相似的动画改变，与前面相比只是数值略微不同。

<!--按钮失效-->
<Trigger Property="IsEnabled" Value="False">
<Setter Property="Foreground" Value="#B444"/>
<Trigger.EnterActions>
<BeginStoryboard>
<Storyboard>
<DoubleAnimation To="0" Duration="0:0:0.3" Storyboard.TargetName="back" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.BitmapEffect).(OuterGlowBitmapEffect.GlowSize)" />
<DoubleAnimation To="1" Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="content" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect).(DropShadowBitmapEffect.Opacity)" />
<DoubleAnimation To="-135" Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="content" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect).(DropShadowBitmapEffect.Direction)" />
<ColorAnimation To="#FFF" Duration="0:0:0.3" Storyboard.TargetName="content" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect).(DropShadowBitmapEffect.Color)" />
<ColorAnimation To="#D555" Duration="0:0:0.3" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.BorderBrush).(SolidColorBrush.Color)" />
<ColorAnimation To="#CEEE" Duration="0:0:0.3" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[0].(GradientStop.Color)" />
<ColorAnimation To="#CDDD" Duration="0:0:0.3" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[1].(GradientStop.Color)" />
</Storyboard>
</BeginStoryboard>
</Trigger.EnterActions>
<Trigger.ExitActions>
<BeginStoryboard>
<Storyboard>
<DoubleAnimation Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="back" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.BitmapEffect).(OuterGlowBitmapEffect.GlowSize)" />
<DoubleAnimation Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="content" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect).(DropShadowBitmapEffect.Opacity)" />
<DoubleAnimation Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="content" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect).(DropShadowBitmapEffect.Direction)" />
<ColorAnimation Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="content" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(ContentPresenter.BitmapEffect).(DropShadowBitmapEffect.Color)" />
<ColorAnimation Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.BorderBrush).(SolidColorBrush.Color)" />
<ColorAnimation Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[0].(GradientStop.Color)" />
<ColorAnimation Duration="0:0:0.1" Storyboard.TargetName="fore" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Border.Background).(LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops)[1].(GradientStop.Color)" />
</Storyboard>
</BeginStoryboard>
</Trigger.ExitActions>
</Trigger>

当按钮失效时，我要改变很多东西，首先将文字颜色设为灰色，然后依次创建了改变外发光效果大小、改变内容阴影效果不透明度、改变内容阴影效果角度、改变内容阴影效果颜色、改变按钮边框颜色、改变上部反光区域颜色、改变下部反光区域颜色的动画。

这里将先前对内容应用的阴影效果彻底改变，使之产生凹陷的效果。

好了，到这里就下课啦，文章有点冗长了，但应该对新手很有帮助，老鸟估计现在已经梦游仙境了吧。

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