Netty实践场景(二) 心跳检测机制

本文中我们将要实现的心跳检测逻辑是这样的：服务端启动后，等待客户端连接，客户端连接之后，向服务端发送消息。如果客户端在“干活”那么服务端必定会收到数据，如果客户端“闲下来了”那么服务端就接收不到这个客户端的消息，既然客户端闲下来了，不干事，那么何必浪费连接资源呢？所以服务端检测到一定时间内客户端不活跃的时候，将客户端连接关闭。本文要实现的逻辑步骤为：

• 启动服务端，启动客户端
• 客户端向服务端发送"I am alive"，并sleep随机时间，用来模拟空闲。
• 服务端接收客户端消息，并返回"copy that"，客户端空闲时 计数+1.
• 服务端客户端继续通信
• 服务端检测客户端空闲太多，关闭连接。客户端发现连接关闭了，就退出了。

心跳检测服务端代码#

public class HeartBeatServer {

int port ;
public HeartBeatServer(int port){
this.port = port;
}

public void start(){
ServerBootstrap bootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();
EventLoopGroup boss = new NioEventLoopGroup();
EventLoopGroup worker = new NioEventLoopGroup();
try{
bootstrap.group(boss,worker)
.handler(new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.INFO))
.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
.childHandler(new HeartBeatInitializer());

ChannelFuture future = bootstrap.bind(port).sync();
future.channel().closeFuture().sync();
}catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
worker.shutdownGracefully();
boss.shutdownGracefully();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
HeartBeatServer server = new HeartBeatServer(8090);
server.start();
}
}

熟悉netty的同志，对于上面的模板一样的代码一定是在熟悉不过了。啥都不用看，只需要看childHandler(new HeartBeatInitializer()) 这一句。HeartBeatInitializer就是一个ChannelInitializer顾名思义，他就是在初始化channel的时做一些事情。我们所需要开发的业务逻辑Handler就是在这里添加的。其代码如下：

public class HeartBeatInitializer extends ChannelInitializer<Channel> {

@Override
protected void initChannel(Channel channel) throws Exception {
ChannelPipeline pipeline = channel.pipeline();
pipeline.addLast("decoder", new StringDecoder());
pipeline.addLast("encoder", new StringEncoder());
pipeline.addLast(new IdleStateHandler(2,2,2, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
pipeline.addLast(new HeartBeatHandler());
}
}

代码很简单，我们先添加了StringDecoder,和StringEncoder。这两个其实就是编解码用的，下面的IdleStateHandler才是本次心跳的核心组件。我们可以看到IdleStateHandler的构造函数中接收了4个参数，其定义如下：

public IdleStateHandler(long readerIdleTime, long writerIdleTime, long allIdleTime, TimeUnit unit);

三个空闲时间参数，以及时间参数的格式。我们的例子中设置的是2,2,2，意思就是客户端2秒没有读/写，这个超时时间就会被触发。超时事件触发就需要我们来处理了，这就是上的HeartBeatInitializer中最后一行的HeartBeatHandler所做的事情。代码如下：

public class HeartBeatHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<String> {

int readIdleTimes = 0;

@Override
protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, String s) throws Exception {
System.out.println(" ====== > [server] message received : " + s);
if("I am alive".equals(s)){
ctx.channel().writeAndFlush("copy that");
}else {
System.out.println(" 其他信息处理 ... ");
}
}

@Override
public void userEventTriggered(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object evt) throws Exception {
IdleStateEvent event = (IdleStateEvent)evt;

String eventType = null;
switch (event.state()){
case READER_IDLE:
eventType = "读空闲";
readIdleTimes ++; // 读空闲的计数加1
break;
case WRITER_IDLE:
eventType = "写空闲";
// 不处理
break;
case ALL_IDLE:
eventType ="读写空闲";
// 不处理
break;
}
System.out.println(ctx.channel().remoteAddress() + "超时事件：" +eventType);
if(readIdleTimes > 3){
System.out.println(" [server]读空闲超过3次，关闭连接");
ctx.channel().writeAndFlush("you are out");
ctx.channel().close();
}
}
@Override
public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
System.err.println("=== " + ctx.channel().remoteAddress() + " is active ===");
}

}

心跳检测客户端代码
netty的api设计使得编码的模式非常具有通用性，所以客户端代码和服务端的代码几乎一样：启动client端的代码几乎一样，也需要一个ChannelInitializer，也需要Handler。改动的地方很少，因此本文不对客户端代码进行详细解释。下面给出client端的完整代码：

public class HeartBeatClient  {

int port;
Channel channel;
Random random ;

public HeartBeatClient(int port){
this.port = port;
random = new Random();
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
HeartBeatClient client = new HeartBeatClient(8090);
client.start();
}

public void start() {
EventLoopGroup eventLoopGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
try{
Bootstrap bootstrap = new Bootstrap();
bootstrap.group(eventLoopGroup).channel(NioSocketChannel.class)
.handler(new HeartBeatClientInitializer());

connect(bootstrap,port);
String  text = "I am alive";
while (channel.isActive()){
sendMsg(text);
}
}catch(Exception e){
// do something
}finally {
eventLoopGroup.shutdownGracefully();
}
}

public void connect(Bootstrap bootstrap,int port) throws Exception{
channel = bootstrap.connect("localhost",8090).sync().channel();
}

public void sendMsg(String text) throws Exception{
int num = random.nextInt(10);
Thread.sleep(num * 1000);
channel.writeAndFlush(text);
}

static class HeartBeatClientInitializer extends ChannelInitializer<Channel> {

@Override
protected void initChannel(Channel ch) throws Exception {
ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline();
pipeline.addLast("decoder", new StringDecoder());
pipeline.addLast("encoder", new StringEncoder());
pipeline.addLast(new HeartBeatClientHandler());
}
}

static class HeartBeatClientHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<String> {
@Override
protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, String msg) throws Exception {
System.out.println(" client received :" +msg);
if(msg!= null && msg.equals("you are out")) {
System.out.println(" server closed connection , so client will close too");
ctx.channel().closeFuture();
}
}
}
}

运行结果
server端：

=== /127.0.0.1:57700 is active ===
====== > [server] message received : I am alive
====== > [server] message received : I am alive
/127.0.0.1:57700超时事件：写空闲
/127.0.0.1:57700超时事件：读空闲
/127.0.0.1:57700超时事件：读写空闲
/127.0.0.1:57700超时事件：写空闲
/127.0.0.1:57700超时事件：读空闲
/127.0.0.1:57700超时事件：读写空闲
/127.0.0.1:57700超时事件：写空闲
====== > [server] message received : I am alive
/127.0.0.1:57700超时事件：写空闲
/127.0.0.1:57700超时事件：读写空闲
/127.0.0.1:57700超时事件：读空闲
/127.0.0.1:57700超时事件：写空闲
/127.0.0.1:57700超时事件：读写空闲
/127.0.0.1:57700超时事件：读空闲
[server]读空闲超过3次，关闭连接

client端

client sent msg and sleep 2
client received :copy that
client received :copy that
client sent msg and sleep 6
client sent msg and sleep 6
client received :copy that
client received :you are out
server closed connection , so client will close too

Process finished with exit code 0