基于Python的HTTP接口自动化测试框架实现

今天我们来讲一下基于Python的HTTP接口自动化测试框架的实现，范例如下：

一、测试需求描述

对服务后台一系列的http接口功能测试。

输入：根据接口描述构造不同的参数输入值

输出：XML文件

eg:http://xxx.com/xxx_product/test/content_book_list.jsp?listid=1

二、实现方法

1、选用Python脚本来驱动测试

2、采用Excel表格管理测试数据，包括用例的管理、测试数据录入、测试结果显示等等，这个需要封装一个Excel的类即可。

3、调用http接口采用Python封装好的API即可

4、测试需要的http组装字符转处理即可

5、设置2个检查点，XML文件中的返回值字段（通过解析XML得到）；XML文件的正确性（文件对比）

6、首次执行测试采用半自动化的方式，即人工检查输出的XML文件是否正确，一旦正确将封存XML文件，为后续回归测试的预期结果，如果发现错误手工修正为预期文件。（注意不是每次测试都人工检查该文件，只首次测试的时候才检查）

三、Excel表格样式

四、实现代码（代码才是王道，有注释很容易就能看明白的）

1、测试框架代码

import os,sys, urllib, httplib, profile, datetime, time

from xml2dict import XML2Dict

import win32com.client

from win32com.client import Dispatch

#Excel表格中测试结果底色

OK_COLOR=0xffffff

NG_COLOR=0xff

#NT_COLOR=0xffff

NT_COLOR=0xC0C0C0

#Excel表格中测试结果汇总显示位置

TESTTIME=[1, 14]

TESTRESULT=[2, 14]

#Excel模版设置

#self.titleindex=3        #Excel中测试用例标题行索引

#self.casebegin =4        #Excel中测试用例开始行索引

#self.argbegin   =2       #Excel中参数开始列索引

#self.argcount  =5        #Excel中支持的参数个数

#self.resultcol =28       #TestResult列

class create_excel:

def __init__(self, sFile, dtitleindex=3, dcasebegin=4, dargbegin=3, dargcount=5, dresultcol=28):

self.xlApp = win32com.client.Dispatch('et.Application')   #MS:Excel  WPS:et

try:

self.book = self.xlApp.Workbooks.Open(sFile)

except:

print_error_info()

print "打开文件失败"

exit()

self.file=sFile

self.titleindex=dtitleindex

self.casebegin=dcasebegin

self.argbegin=dargbegin

self.argcount=dargcount

self.resultcol=dresultcol

self.allresult=[]

def close(self):

#self.book.Close(SaveChanges=0)

self.book.Save()

self.book.Close()

#self.xlApp.Quit()

del self.xlApp

def read_data(self, iSheet, iRow, iCol):

try:

sht = self.book.Worksheets(iSheet)

sValue=str(sht.Cells(iRow, iCol).Value)

except:

self.close()

print('读取数据失败')

exit()

#去除'.0'

if sValue[-2:]=='.0':

sValue = sValue[0:-2]

return sValue

def write_data(self, iSheet, iRow, iCol, sData, color=OK_COLOR):

try:

sht = self.book.Worksheets(iSheet)

sht.Cells(iRow, iCol).Value = sData.decode("utf-8")

sht.Cells(iRow, iCol).Interior.Color=color

self.book.Save()

except:

self.close()

print('写入数据失败')

exit()

#获取用例个数

def get_ncase(self, iSheet):

try:

return self.get_nrows(iSheet)-self.casebegin+1

except:

self.close()

print('获取Case个数失败')

exit()

def get_nrows(self, iSheet):

try:

sht = self.book.Worksheets(iSheet)

return sht.UsedRange.Rows.Count

except:

self.close()

print('获取nrows失败')

exit()

def get_ncols(self, iSheet):

try:

sht = self.book.Worksheets(iSheet)

return sht.UsedRange.Columns.Count

except:

self.close()

print('获取ncols失败')

exit()

def del_testrecord(self, suiteid):

try:

#为提升性能特别从For循环提取出来

nrows=self.get_nrows(suiteid)+1

ncols=self.get_ncols(suiteid)+1

begincol=self.argbegin+self.argcount

#提升性能

sht = self.book.Worksheets(suiteid)

for row in range(self.casebegin, nrows):

for col in range(begincol, ncols):

str=self.read_data(suiteid, row, col)

#清除实际结果[]

startpos = str.find('[')

if startpos>0:

str = str[0:startpos].strip()

self.write_data(suiteid, row, col, str, OK_COLOR)

else:

#提升性能

sht.Cells(row, col).Interior.Color = OK_COLOR

#清除TestResul列中的测试结果，设置为NT

self.write_data(suiteid, row, self.resultcol, 'NT', NT_COLOR)

except:

self.close()

print('清除数据失败')

exit()

#执行调用

def run_case(IPPort, url):

conn = httplib.HTTPConnection(IPPort)

conn.request("GET", url)

rsps = conn.getresponse()

data = rsps.read()

conn.close()

return data

#获取用例基本信息[Interface,argcount,[ArgNameList]]

def get_caseinfo(Data, SuiteID):

caseinfolist=[]

sInterface=Data.read_data(SuiteID, 1, 2)

argcount=int(Data.read_data(SuiteID, 2, 2))

#获取参数名存入ArgNameList

ArgNameList=[]

for i in range(0, argcount):

ArgNameList.append(Data.read_data(SuiteID, Data.titleindex, Data.argbegin+i))

caseinfolist.append(sInterface)

caseinfolist.append(argcount)

caseinfolist.append(ArgNameList)

return caseinfolist

#获取输入

def get_input(Data, SuiteID, CaseID, caseinfolist):

sArge=''

#参数组合

for j in range(0, caseinfolist[1]):

sArge=sArge+caseinfolist[2][j]+'='+Data.read_data(SuiteID, Data.casebegin+CaseID, Data.argbegin+j)+'&'

#去掉结尾的&字符

if sArge[-1:]=='&':

sArge = sArge[0:-1]

sInput=caseinfolist[0]+sArge    #组合全部参数

return sInput

#结果判断

def assert_result(sReal, sExpect):

sReal=str(sReal)

sExpect=str(sExpect)

if sReal==sExpect:

return 'OK'

else:

return 'NG'

#将测试结果写入文件

def write_result(Data, SuiteId, CaseId, resultcol, *result):

if len(result)>1:

ret='OK'

for i in range(0, len(result)):

if result[i]=='NG':

ret='NG'

break

if ret=='NG':

Data.write_data(SuiteId, Data.casebegin+CaseId, resultcol,ret, NG_COLOR)

else:

Data.write_data(SuiteId, Data.casebegin+CaseId, resultcol,ret, OK_COLOR)

Data.allresult.append(ret)

else:

if result[0]=='NG':

Data.write_data(SuiteId, Data.casebegin+CaseId, resultcol,result[0], NG_COLOR)

elif result[0]=='OK':

Data.write_data(SuiteId, Data.casebegin+CaseId, resultcol,result[0], OK_COLOR)

else:  #NT

Data.write_data(SuiteId, Data.casebegin+CaseId, resultcol,result[0], NT_COLOR)

Data.allresult.append(result[0])

#将当前结果立即打印

print 'case'+str(CaseId+1)+':', Data.allresult[-1]

#打印测试结果

def statisticresult(excelobj):

allresultlist=excelobj.allresult

count=[0, 0, 0]

for i in range(0, len(allresultlist)):

#print 'case'+str(i+1)+':', allresultlist[i]

count=countflag(allresultlist[i],count[0], count[1], count[2])

print 'Statistic result as follow:'

print 'OK:', count[0]

print 'NG:', count[1]

print 'NT:', count[2]

#解析XmlString返回Dict

def get_xmlstring_dict(xml_string):

xml = XML2Dict()

return xml.fromstring(xml_string)

#解析XmlFile返回Dict

def get_xmlfile_dict(xml_file):

xml = XML2Dict()

return xml.parse(xml_file)

#去除历史数据expect[real]

def delcomment(excelobj, suiteid, iRow, iCol, str):

startpos = str.find('[')

if startpos>0:

str = str[0:startpos].strip()

excelobj.write_data(suiteid, iRow, iCol, str, OK_COLOR)

return str

#检查每个item （非结构体）

def check_item(excelobj, suiteid, caseid,real_dict, checklist, begincol):

ret='OK'

for checkid in range(0, len(checklist)):

real=real_dict[checklist[checkid]]['value']

expect=excelobj.read_data(suiteid, excelobj.casebegin+caseid, begincol+checkid)

#如果检查不一致测将实际结果写入expect字段，格式：expect[real]

#将return NG

result=assert_result(real, expect)

if result=='NG':

writestr=expect+'['+real+']'

excelobj.write_data(suiteid, excelobj.casebegin+caseid, begincol+checkid, writestr, NG_COLOR)

ret='NG'

return ret

#检查结构体类型

def check_struct_item(excelobj, suiteid, caseid,real_struct_dict, structlist, structbegin, structcount):

ret='OK'

if structcount>1:  #传入的是List

for structid in range(0, structcount):

structdict=real_struct_dict[structid]

temp=check_item(excelobj, suiteid, caseid,structdict, structlist, structbegin+structid*len(structlist))

if temp=='NG':

ret='NG'

else: #传入的是Dict

temp=check_item(excelobj, suiteid, caseid,real_struct_dict, structlist, structbegin)

if temp=='NG':

ret='NG'

return ret

#获取异常函数及行号

def print_error_info():

"""Return the frame object for the caller's stack frame."""

try:

raise Exception

except:

f = sys.exc_info()[2].tb_frame.f_back

print (f.f_code.co_name, f.f_lineno)

#测试结果计数器，类似Switch语句实现

def countflag(flag,ok, ng, nt):

calculation  = {'OK':lambda:[ok+1, ng, nt],

'NG':lambda:[ok, ng+1, nt],

'NT':lambda:[ok, ng, nt+1]}

return calculation[flag]()

2、项目测试代码

from testframe import *

STRUCTCOL=14  #结构体开始列

#content_book_list用例集

def content_book_list_suite():

print 'Test Begin,please waiting...'

suiteid=4   #设置测试输入Sheetindex=1

excelobj.del_testrecord(suiteid)  #清除历史测试数据

casecount=excelobj.get_ncase(suiteid)

checklist=['resultCode', 'listid', 'name', 'total', 'from', 'size']

structitem=['bookid', 'name', 'title', 'progress', 'words', 'authorid', 'authorName']

#获取Case基本信息

caseinfolist=get_caseinfo(excelobj, suiteid)

for caseid in range(0, casecount):

#检查是否执行该Case

if excelobj.read_data(suiteid,excelobj.casebegin+caseid, 2)=='N':

write_result(excelobj, suiteid, caseid, excelobj.resultcol, 'NT')

continue #当前Case结束，继续执行下一个Case

#获取测试数据

sInput=get_input(excelobj, suiteid, caseid, caseinfolist)

XmlString=run_case(com_ipport, sInput)       #执行调用

dict=get_xmlfile_dict(os.getcwd()+'\doc\Test.xml')

itemdict=dict['root']

ret1=check_item(excelobj, suiteid, caseid,itemdict, checklist, excelobj.argbegin+excelobj.argcount)

structdict=dict['root']['books']['book']

ret2=check_struct_item(excelobj, suiteid, caseid,structdict, structitem, STRUCTCOL, 2)

write_result(excelobj, suiteid, caseid, excelobj.resultcol, ret1, ret2)

print 'Test End!'

3、测试入口

from testframe import *

from xxx_server_case import *

from xxx_server_case import *

import xxx_server_case

#服务系统接口测试

#设置测试环境

xxx_server_case.excelobj=create_excel(os.getcwd()+'\doc\TestDemo_testcase.xls')

xxx_server_case.com_ipport='XXX.16.1.35:8080'

begin =datetime.datetime.now()

#Add testsuite begin

content_book_list_suite()

#Add other suite from here

#Add testsuite end

#profile.run("content_book_list_suite()")

print 'Total Time:', datetime.datetime.now()-begin

statisticresult(xxx_server_case.excelobj)

xxx_server_case.excelobj.close()

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