jdk1.8的hashmap真的是大于8就转换成红黑树，小于6就变成链表吗?????

最近研究hashmap源码的时候，会结合网上的一些博客来促进理解。而关于红黑树和链表相互转换这一块，大部分的文章都会这样描述：hashmap中定义了两个常量：

/**
* The bin count threshold for using a tree rather than list for a
* bin.  Bins are converted to trees when adding an element to a
* bin with at least this many nodes. The value must be greater
* than 2 and should be at least 8 to mesh with assumptions in
* tree removal about conversion back to plain bins upon
* shrinkage.
*/
static final int TREEIFY_THRESHOLD = 8;

/**
* The bin count threshold for untreeifying a (split) bin during a
* resize operation. Should be less than TREEIFY_THRESHOLD, and at
* most 6 to mesh with shrinkage detection under removal.
*/
static final int UNTREEIFY_THRESHOLD = 6;

当链表元素个数大于8的时候，就会转换为红黑树；当红黑树元素个数小于6的时候，就会转换回链表。
hashMap中确实定义了这两个常量，但并非简单通过元素个数的判断来进行转换。

链表转换为红黑树

链表转换为红黑树的最终目的，是为了解决在map中元素过多，hash冲突较大，而导致的读写效率降低的问题。在源码的putVal方法中，有关红黑树结构化的分支为：

//此处遍历链表
for (int binCount = 0; ; ++binCount) {
//遍历到链表最后一个节点
if ((e = p.next) == null) {
p.next = newNode(hash, key, value, null);
//如果链表元素个数大于等于TREEIFY_THRESHOLD
if (binCount >= TREEIFY_THRESHOLD - 1) // -1 for 1st
//红黑树转换逻辑
treeifyBin(tab, hash);
break;
}
if (e.hash == hash &&
((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
break;
p = e;
}

即网上所说的，链表的长度大于8的时候，就转换为红黑树，我们来看看treeifyBin方法：

final void treeifyBin(Node<K,V>[] tab, int hash) {
int n, index; Node<K,V> e;
//首先tab的长度是否小于64,
if (tab == null || (n = tab.length) < MIN_TREEIFY_CAPACITY)
//小于64则进行扩容
resize();
else if ((e = tab[index = (n - 1) & hash]) != null) {
//否则才将列表转换为红黑树
TreeNode<K,V> hd = null, tl = null;
do {
TreeNode<K,V> p = replacementTreeNode(e, null);
if (tl == null)
hd = p;
else {
p.prev = tl;
tl.next = p;
}
tl = p;
} while ((e = e.next) != null);
if ((tab[index] = hd) != null)
hd.treeify(tab);
}
}

可以看到在treeifyBin中并不是简单地将链表转换为红黑树，而是先判断table的长度是否大于64，如果小于64，就通过扩容的方式来解决，避免红黑树结构化。
链表长度大于8有两种情况：

• table长度足够，hash冲突过多
• hash没有冲突，但是在计算table下标的时候，由于table长度太小，导致很多hash不一致的
  第二种情况是可以用扩容的方式来避免的，扩容后链表长度变短，读写效率自然提高。另外，扩容相对于转换为红黑树的好处在于可以保证数据结构更简单。
  由此可见并不是链表长度超过8就一定会转换成红黑树，而是先尝试扩容

红黑树转换为链表

基本思想是当红黑树中的元素减少并小于一定数量时，会切换回链表。而元素减少有两种情况：
1、调用map的remove方法删除元素

final Node<K,V> removeNode(int hash, Object key, Object value,
boolean matchValue, boolean movable) {
Node<K,V>[] tab; Node<K,V> p; int n, index;
if ((tab = table) != null && (n = tab.length) > 0 &&
(p = tab[index = (n - 1) & hash]) != null) {
Node<K,V> node = null, e; K k; V v;
//根据hash值以及key判断当前的是否相等,如果相等直接返回
if (p.hash == hash &&
((k = p.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
node = p;
else if ((e = p.next) != null) {
//判断是否为红黑树结构
if (p instanceof TreeNode)
node = ((TreeNode<K,V>)p).getTreeNode(hash, key);
else {
//如果不是则为链表结构
do {
if (e.hash == hash &&
((k = e.key) == key ||
(key != null && key.equals(k)))) {
node = e;
break;
}
p = e;
} while ((e = e.next) != null);
}
}
if (node != null && (!matchValue || (v = node.value) == value ||
(value != null && value.equals(v)))) {
//判断当前桶是否是红黑树结构,如果是的话
if (node instanceof TreeNode)
((TreeNode<K,V>)node).removeTreeNode(this, tab, movable);
else if (node == p)
tab[index] = node.next;
else
p.next = node.next;
++modCount;
--size;
afterNodeRemoval(node);
return node;
}
}
return null;
}

final void removeTreeNode(HashMap<K,V> map, Node<K,V>[] tab,
boolean movable) {
int n;
if (tab == null || (n = tab.length) == 0)
return;
int index = (n - 1) & hash;
TreeNode<K,V> first = (TreeNode<K,V>)tab[index], root = first, rl;
TreeNode<K,V> succ = (TreeNode<K,V>)next, pred = prev;
if (pred == null)
tab[index] = first = succ;
else
pred.next = succ;
if (succ != null)
succ.prev = pred;
if (first == null)
return;
if (root.parent != null)
root = root.root();
//判断是否解除红黑树结构
if (root == null || root.right == null ||
(rl = root.left) == null || rl.left == null) {
tab[index] = first.untreeify(map);  // too small
return;
}
TreeNode<K,V> p = this, pl = left, pr = right, replacement;
if (pl != null && pr != null) {
TreeNode<K,V> s = pr, sl;
while ((sl = s.left) != null) // find successor
s = sl;
boolean c = s.red; s.red = p.red; p.red = c; // swap colors
TreeNode<K,V> sr = s.right;
TreeNode<K,V> pp = p.parent;
if (s == pr) { // p was s's direct parent
p.parent = s;
s.right = p;
}
else {
TreeNode<K,V> sp = s.parent;
if ((p.parent = sp) != null) {
if (s == sp.left)
sp.left = p;
else
sp.right = p;
}
if ((s.right = pr) != null)
pr.parent = s;
}
p.left = null;
if ((p.right = sr) != null)
sr.parent = p;
if ((s.left = pl) != null)
pl.parent = s;
if ((s.parent = pp) == null)
root = s;
else if (p == pp.left)
pp.left = s;
else
pp.right = s;
if (sr != null)
replacement = sr;
else
replacement = p;
}
else if (pl != null)
replacement = pl;
else if (pr != null)
replacement = pr;
else
replacement = p;
if (replacement != p) {
TreeNode<K,V> pp = replacement.parent = p.parent;
if (pp == null)
root = replacement;
else if (p == pp.left)
pp.left = replacement;
else
pp.right = replacement;
p.left = p.right = p.parent = null;
}

TreeNode<K,V> r = p.red ? root : balanceDeletion(root, replacement);

if (replacement == p) {  // detach
TreeNode<K,V> pp = p.parent;
p.parent = null;
if (pp != null) {
if (p == pp.left)
pp.left = null;
else if (p == pp.right)
pp.right = null;
}
}
if (movable)
moveRootToFront(tab, r);
}

可以看到，此处并没有利用到网上所说的，当节点数小于UNTREEIFY_THRESHOLD时才转换，而是通过红黑树根节点及其子节点是否为空来判断。

2、resize的时候，对红黑树进行了拆分

resize的时候，判断节点类型，如果是链表，则将链表拆分，如果是TreeNode，则执行TreeNode的split方法分割红黑树，而split方法中将红黑树转换为链表的分支如下：

final void split(HashMap<K,V> map, Node<K,V>[] tab, int index, int bit) {
TreeNode<K,V> b = this;
// Relink into lo and hi lists, preserving order
TreeNode<K,V> loHead = null, loTail = null;
TreeNode<K,V> hiHead = null, hiTail = null;
int lc = 0, hc = 0;
for (TreeNode<K,V> e = b, next; e != null; e = next) {
next = (TreeNode<K,V>)e.next;
e.next = null;
if ((e.hash & bit) == 0) {
if ((e.prev = loTail) == null)
loHead = e;
else
loTail.next = e;
loTail = e;
++lc;
}
else {
if ((e.prev = hiTail) == null)
hiHead = e;
else
hiTail.next = e;
hiTail = e;
++hc;
}
}
//在这之前的逻辑是将红黑树每个节点的hash和一个bit进行&运算，
//根据运算结果将树划分为两棵红黑树，lc表示其中一棵树的节点数
if (loHead != null) {
if (lc <= UNTREEIFY_THRESHOLD)
tab[index] = loHead.untreeify(map);
else {
tab[index] = loHead;
if (hiHead != null) // (else is already treeified)
loHead.treeify(tab);
}
}
if (hiHead != null) {
if (hc <= UNTREEIFY_THRESHOLD)
tab[index + bit] = hiHead.untreeify(map);
else {
tab[index + bit] = hiHead;
if (loHead != null)
hiHead.treeify(tab);
}
}
}

这里才用到了 UNTREEIFY_THRESHOLD 的判断，当红黑树节点元素小于等于6时，才调用untreeify方法转换回链表

总结

1、hashMap并不是在链表元素个数大于8就一定会转换为红黑树，而是先考虑扩容，扩容达到默认限制后才转换。
2、hashMap的红黑树不一定小于6的时候才会转换为链表，而是只有在resize的时候才会根据 UNTREEIFY_THRESHOLD 进行转换。

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