大咖专访：量子链核心开发“郑义”现场解决实际技术问题

Qtum在支持隐私资产后，和其他的隐私作为主要特点的公链有什么区别？

After Qtum supporting confidential assets, what are its differences with other privacy focused public blockchains?

量子链在支持隐私资产后，

After Qtum chain supporting confidential assets,

我们和其他隐私为主打特征的公链的区别主要是我们可以让用户在上面自由地发行自己的隐私资产。

The main difference between other privacy focused public blockchains and us is we allow users to issue their own confidential assets freely.

而其他的很多隐私为特征的公链，他们只能使用链上原本的隐私功能，

Meanwhile, many other public blockchains with privacy features can only allow users to use the native privacy functions on their chain.

但是用户并不能和这个区块链进行更多的交互操作，去更好地运行属于自己的那份资产，

Users can’t have more interaction with the blockchain to further manage their own asset,

也就是说用户自己在上面没法构建属于自己资产的隐私交易。

Which means users can’t build confidential tx of their own asset.

 

那量子的隐私资产未来会有那些应用落地的场景？

What will the application scenarios of Qtum’s confidential asset be in the future?

 

在量子链支持隐私资产之后我们想到的主要应用场景可能是相对于稳定币相关的。

The major application scenario in our mind after Qtum supporting confidential assets is about stable coins.

因为现有的像UTXO之类的稳定币它并不能在一个隐私的环境下进行运行。

Because existing stable coins, such as UTXO stable coins, can’t run under a private environment.

对它的商业应用场景会有很大的限制。

This limits its business application greatly.

如果我们可以基于隐私的链上资产去构建隐私的稳定币，

If we can build an private stable coin based on confidential asset.

构建一种zk的UTXO或者一种zk的Dai，

Such as an UTXO or Dai with zk,

我觉得对于商业场景的应用场景来说是非常有帮助的。

I think it would be very helpful for business application scenarios.

 

当前的对等体加入区块链网络，他必须下载分类账的完整副本对吗？我想知道在区块链中是否有可能的方式参与，参与者不需要被迫拥有完整的副本。

Currently, if someone want to join a blockchain network, he has to download the whole copy of the ledger, right? What I want to know is, if there is a way that participants can participate the network without having the whole copy.

 

首先150G已经是比较老的一个记录了。

First, 150G is an older record.

现在据我所了解的话比特币的总共大小已经达到将近200G。

As far as I know, the total size of Bitcoin is nearly 200G.

对于普通用户来说，200G其实是很占用自己PC的空间的，

For a regular user, 200G is a great occupation of his PC’s disk.

所以很多用户并不会下载完整的比特币的副本，而是去下载我们所说的轻节点，SPV节点。

So, most users won’t download the complete copy of Bitcoin, they would download what we called SPV node.

SPV节点的话对用户来说仅需要下载区块的头而不是所有的交易记录。

For a SPV node, users only need to download block heads instead of all the txs.

有了区块的头之后他可以通过一种叫做SPV证明的方式来获取部分他想要知道的交易。

With block heads, they can get the txs they want to know by a way called SPV proof.

这个环节中比特币为了保证隐私还通过了一种叫做bloom filter的方式，

During this process, Bitcoin utilizes a method called bloom filter to ensure privacy.

然后让你去获得一些不相关的交易来混淆你真正想要获得的那部分交易。

Then, you’ll also receive some irrelevant txs to garble the portion what you really want to get.

这样的话对方节点就没法准确地知道你自己所拥有的地址。

By this way, other nodes can’t get the exact address you have.

所以的话普通用户通过SPV仅获取区块头的情况下就可以来完成自己想要的交易获取自己想要的数据就可以了。

So, regular users can complete their desired txs and receive the data they need only by downloading block heads through SPV.

 

分布式哈希表技术和比特币、区块链之间有什么区别？

What’s the difference between distributed hash table and Bitcoin/blockchain?

 

分布式哈希表技术，或者我们叫做DHT技术，

Distributed hash table technology, or DHT technology,

这个概念主要是应用在我们所了解的BT，就是BitTorrent这样一套系统中。

is mostly utilized in what we know as BT system, which is BitTorrent.

BitTorrent本身其实也是一种去中心化的系统。

BitTorrent itself is a decentralized system.

它其实是为了方便我们下载一些大型文件，把我们下载的流量分流到一些我们的peer，也就是我们相邻的一些节点上，这种方式来进行下载的，

It provides us a convenient way to download some large files by bypassing some of our dataflow to our peers, which is our neighbor nodes. 

所以呢，它这样一套系统，去中心化系统它主要的问题是在查找，就是根据你文件的种子去查找谁拥有这些文件，进而进行下载的过程。

So, for a decentralized system like this, the main problem it faces is searching, which is searching the file owners by the seed of the file.

所以说它的主要的一个难点是说怎么查找的过程。

That means the most difficult part is searching.

也就是说我们需要建立一个对应关系，也就是种子对拥有文件的节点的IP地址这样一个对应的关系。

For that, we should build a mapping between the seed and the IP address of the nodes that own the file.

而这样一个关系通常存储在哈希表上。

This mapping usually stored on an hash table.

但是因为这样一套系统是去中心化的，所以我们的哈希表必须去中心化地存储。

The system is decentralized, so our hash table has to be stored decentralized.

DHT就是解决了一个哈希表去中心化存储的问题。

DHT solved the storage problem of decentralized hash table

然后它通过的方式是说，在每一个节点上去记录和自己相邻的一些节点它拥有文件的一些数据，进而帮助用户寻找到自己所想要的文件。

By a way that each node records some data of its neighbor node’s files, thus help users to find the files they need.

比特币和它不一样的区别主要在于，

The major difference between Bitcoin and DHT is

比特币的话，它的每个节点并不仅仅拥有部分的数据，部分的哈希表，而是拥有整个的文件，

For Bitcoin, each node of it stores the whole file, instead of part of the data or hash table.

就是你要下载整个的将近200G的文件，

Which means you’ll have to download the whole 200G file.

而对于DHT来说每个节点仅仅保留着这个文件的一部分。

As for DHT, each node only need to keep part of the file.

这就是两者的区别，所以比特币的数据是可以持久化的，但是DHT的数据并不能保证完全的持久化。

That’s the difference between the two. So, the data on Bitcoin is persistent, which is not the same case for DHT.

这是两者的主要区别。谢谢

That the major difference. Thank you.

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