基本操作

1．进入HBase客户端命令行
[atguigu@cm1 hbase]$ bin/hbase shell
2．查看帮助命令
hbase(main):001:0> help
3．查看当前数据库中有哪些表
hbase(main):002:0> list

表的操作

1．创建表
hbase(main):002:0> create ‘student’,‘info’
2．插入数据到表
hbase(main):003:0> put ‘student’,‘1001’,‘info:sex’,‘male’
hbase(main):004:0> put ‘student’,‘1001’,‘info:age’,‘18’
hbase(main):005:0> put ‘student’,‘1002’,‘info:name’,‘Janna’
hbase(main):006:0> put ‘student’,‘1002’,‘info:sex’,‘female’
hbase(main):007:0> put ‘student’,‘1002’,‘info:age’,‘20’
3．扫描查看表数据
hbase(main):008:0> scan ‘student’
hbase(main):009:0> scan ‘student’,{STARTROW => ‘1001’, STOPROW => ‘1001’}
hbase(main):010:0> scan ‘student’,{STARTROW => ‘1001’}
4．查看表结构
hbase(main):011:0> describe ‘student’
5．更新指定字段的数据
hbase(main):012:0> put ‘student’,‘1001’,‘info:name’,‘Nick’
hbase(main):013:0> put ‘student’,‘1001’,‘info:age’,‘100’
6．查看“指定行”或“指定列族:列”的数据
hbase(main):014:0> get ‘student’,‘1001’
hbase(main):015:0> get ‘student’,‘1001’,‘info:name’
7．统计表数据行数
hbase(main):021:0> count ‘student’
8．删除数据
删除某rowkey的全部数据：
hbase(main):016:0> deleteall ‘student’,‘1001’
删除某rowkey的某一列数据：
hbase(main):017:0> delete ‘student’,‘1002’,‘info:sex’
9．清空表数据
hbase(main):018:0> truncate ‘student’
提示：清空表的操作顺序为先disable，然后再truncate。
10．删除表
首先需要先让该表为disable状态：
hbase(main):019:0> disable ‘student’
然后才能drop这个表：
hbase(main):020:0> drop ‘student’
提示：如果直接drop表，会报错：ERROR: Table student is enabled. Disable it first.
11．变更表信息
将info列族中的数据存放3个版本：
hbase(main):022:0> alter ‘student’,{NAME=>‘info’,VERSIONS=>3}
hbase(main):022:0> get ‘student’,‘1001’,{COLUMN=>‘info:name’,VERSIONS=>3}

基本api (java)

pom.xml

<dependency>
<groupId>net.sf.json-lib</groupId>
<artifactId>json-lib</artifactId>
<version>2.4</version>
<classifier>jdk15</classifier>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.httpcomponents/httpcore -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
<artifactId>httpcore</artifactId>
<version>4.4.10</version>
</dependency>

<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.httpcomponents/httpclient -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
<artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
<version>4.5.6</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.axis</groupId>
<artifactId>axis</artifactId>
<version>1.4</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>3.8.1</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.kylin</groupId>
<artifactId>kylin-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>2.2.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-nop</artifactId>
<version>1.7.2</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>net.iharder</groupId>
<artifactId>base64</artifactId>
<version>2.3.8</version>
</dependency>

package com.zzti.Hbase01;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.Cell;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.CellUtil;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HBaseConfiguration;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HColumnDescriptor;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HTableDescriptor;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.MasterNotRunningException;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.TableName;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.ZooKeeperConnectionException;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Admin;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Connection;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.ConnectionFactory;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Delete;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Get;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.HBaseAdmin;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.HTable;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Put;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Result;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.ResultScanner;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Scan;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.Bytes;

public class HBaseapi {
public static Configuration conf;
static {
// 使用HBaseConfiguration的单例方法实例化
conf = HBaseConfiguration.create();
conf.set("hbase.zookeeper.quorum", "222.22.91.81");
// conf.set("hbase.zookeeper.property.clientPort", "2181");
}

/**
*
* @param tableName
* @return boolean 判断表是否存在
* @throws Exception
*/
public static boolean isTableExist(String tableName) throws IOException {
// 在HBase中管理、访问表需要先创建HBaseAdmin对象
// Connection connection = ConnectionFactory.createConnection(conf);
// HBaseAdmin admin = (HBaseAdmin) connection.getAdmin();
HBaseAdmin admin = new HBaseAdmin(conf);
return admin.tableExists(tableName);
}

/**
*
* @param tableName
* @param columnFamily 创建表 创建列族
* @throws Exception shell creat 'tablename' 'columnfamily'
*/
public static void createTable(String tableName, String... columnFamily) throws Exception {
HBaseAdmin admin = new HBaseAdmin(conf);
// 判断表是否存在
if (isTableExist(tableName)) {
System.out.println("表" + tableName + "已存在");
// System.exit(0);
} else {
// 创建表属性对象,表名需要转字节
HTableDescriptor descriptor = new HTableDescriptor(TableName.valueOf(tableName));
// 创建多个列族
for (String cf : columnFamily) {
descriptor.addFamily(new HColumnDescriptor(cf));
}
// 根据对表的配置，创建表
admin.createTable(descriptor);
System.out.println("表" + tableName + "创建成功！");
}
}

/**
*
* @param tableName 删除表
* @throws MasterNotRunningException
* @throws ZooKeeperConnectionException
* @throws IOException                  shell(不可以直接删除) disable 'tablename' drop
*                                      'tablename'
*/
public static void dropTable(String tableName)
throws MasterNotRunningException, ZooKeeperConnectionException, IOException {
HBaseAdmin admin = new HBaseAdmin(conf);
if (isTableExist(tableName)) {
admin.disableTable(tableName);
admin.deleteTable(tableName);
System.out.println("表" + tableName + "删除成功！");
} else {
System.out.println("表" + tableName + "不存在！");
}
}

/**
*
* @param tableName      表名
* @param rowKey         行建
* @param columnFamily列族
* @param column列
* @param value值
* @throws IOException shell put
*                     'tablename','roowkey','columnfamily:coumn','value'
*/
public static void addRowData(String tableName, String rowKey, String columnFamily, String column, String value)
throws IOException {
// 创建HTable对象
HTable hTable = new HTable(conf, tableName);
// 向表中插入数据
Put put = new Put(Bytes.toBytes(rowKey));
// 向Put对象中组装数据
put.add(Bytes.toBytes(columnFamily), Bytes.toBytes(column), Bytes.toBytes(value));
hTable.put(put);
hTable.close();
System.out.println("插入数据成功");
}

/**
*
* @param tableName 查看表的数据
* @throws IOException shell scan 'tablename'
*/
public static void getAllRows(String tableName) throws IOException {
HTable hTable = new HTable(conf, tableName);
// 得到用于扫描region的对象
Scan scan = new Scan();
// 使用HTable得到resultcanner实现类的对象
ResultScanner resultScanner = hTable.getScanner(scan);
for (Result result : resultScanner) {
Cell[] cells = result.rawCells();
for (Cell cell : cells) {
// 得到rowkey
System.out.println("行键:" + Bytes.toString(CellUtil.cloneRow(cell)));
// 得到列族
System.out.println("列族" + Bytes.toString(CellUtil.cloneFamily(cell)));
System.out.println("列:" + Bytes.toString(CellUtil.cloneQualifier(cell)));
System.out.println("值:" + Bytes.toString(CellUtil.cloneValue(
3ff7
cell)));
}
}
}

/**
*
* @param tableName
* @param rowKey    根据行键查询,将行键所在的列的所有内容输出
* @throws IOException shell get 'student','1001'
*/
public static void getRow(String tableName, String rowKey) throws IOException {
HTable table = new HTable(conf, tableName);
Get get = new Get(Bytes.toBytes(rowKey));
// get.setMaxVersions();显示所有版本
// get.setTimeStamp();显示指定时间戳的版本
Result result = table.get(get);
for (Cell cell : result.rawCells()) {
System.out.println("行键:" + Bytes.toString(result.getRow()));
System.out.println("列族" + Bytes.toString(CellUtil.cloneFamily(cell)));
System.out.println("列:" + Bytes.toString(CellUtil.cloneQualifier(cell)));
System.out.println("值:" + Bytes.toString(CellUtil.cloneValue(cell)));
System.out.println("时间戳:" + cell.getTimestamp());
}
}

/**
*
* @param tableName
* @param rowKey
* @param family
* @param qualifier 获取某一行指定“列族:列”的数据
* @throws IOException shell get 'student','1001','info:age'
*/
public static void getRowQualifier(String tableName, String rowKey, String family, String qualifier)
throws IOException {
HTable table = new HTable(conf, tableName);
Get get = new Get(Bytes.toBytes(rowKey));
get.addColumn(Bytes.toBytes(family), Bytes.toBytes(qualifier));
Result result = table.get(get);
for (Cell cell : result.rawCells()) {
System.out.println("行键:" + Bytes.toString(result.getRow()));
System.out.println("列族" + Bytes.toString(CellUtil.cloneFamily(cell)));
System.out.println("列:" + Bytes.toString(CellUtil.cloneQualifier(cell)));
System.out.println("值:" + Bytes.toString(CellUtil.cloneValue(cell)));
}
}

/**
*
* @param tableName
* @param rows      刪除表一行或多行刪除数据
* @throws IOException
*/
public static void deleteMultiRow(String tableName, String... rows) throws IOException {
HTable hTable = new HTable(conf, tableName);
List<Delete> deleteList = new ArrayList<Delete>();
for (String row : rows) {
Delete delete = new Delete(Bytes.toBytes(row));
deleteList.add(delete);
}
hTable.delete(deleteList);
hTable.close();
}

public static void main(String[] args) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
try {
// System.out.println(isTableExist("demo"));
// createTable("demo","frist");
// dropTable("demo");
// getAllRows("student");
getRowQualifier("student", "1001", "info", "age");
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}

}

}