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Python django框架应用中实现获取访问者ip地址示例

2019-05-17 18:01 1011 查看

本文实例讲述了Python django框架应用中实现获取访问者ip地址。分享给大家供大家参考，具体如下：

在django官方文档中有一段对request.META的解释：

HttpRequest.META
A standard Python dictionary containing all available HTTP headers. Available headers depend on the client
and server, but here are some examples:
•CONTENT_LENGTH – The length of the request body (as a string).
•CONTENT_TYPE – The MIME type of the request body.
•HTTP_ACCEPT – Acceptable content types for the response.
•HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING – Acceptable encodings for the response.
•HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE – Acceptable languages for the response.
•HTTP_HOST – The HTTP Host header sent by the client.
•HTTP_REFERER – The referring page, if any.
•HTTP_USER_AGENT – The client's user-agent string.
•QUERY_STRING – The query string, as a single (unparsed) string.
•REMOTE_ADDR – The IP address of the client.
•REMOTE_HOST – The hostname of the client.
•REMOTE_USER – The user authenticated by the Web server, if any.
•REQUEST_METHOD – A string such as "GET" or "POST".
•SERVER_NAME – The hostname of the server.
•SERVER_PORT – The port of the server (as a string).
With the exception of CONTENT_LENGTH and CONTENT_TYPE, as given above, any HTTP headers in the
request are converted to META keys by converting all characters to uppercase, replacing any hyphens with
underscores and adding an HTTP_ prefix to the name. So, for example, a header called X-Bender would be
mapped to the META key HTTP_X_BENDER.
Note that runserver strips all headers with underscores in the name, so you won't see them in META. This
prevents header-spoofing based on ambiguity between underscores and dashes both being normalizing to under-
scores in WSGI environment variables. It matches the behavior of Web servers like Nginx and Apache 2.4+.

然后我们来打印一下其中的条目进行验证：

request_meta = request.META
info = []
for k, v in request_meta.items():
info.append(k)
print info
>>>
['wsgi.version', 'RUN_MAIN', 'HTTP_REFERER', 'HTTP_HOST', 'SERVER_PROTOCOL', 'SERVER_SOFTWARE', 'SCRIPT_NAME', 'LESSOPEN', 'SSH_CLIENT', 'REQUEST_METHOD', 'LOGNAME', 'USER', 'HOME', 'QUERY_STRING', 'PATH', 'MYSQL_DATABASE_URI', 'wsgi.errors', 'TERADATA_JACKAL_URI', 'LANG', 'TERM', 'SHELL', 'TZ', 'HTTP_COOKIE', 'J2REDIR', 'REMOTE_ADDR', 'SHLVL', 'wsgi.url_scheme', 'HTTP_VIA', 'SERVER_PORT', 'wsgi.file_wrapper', 'JAVA_HOME', 'CONTENT_LENGTH', 'HTTP_CONNECTION', 'XDG_RUNTIME_DIR', 'TERADATA_PASSWORD', 'PYTHONPATH', 'COMP_WORDBREAKS', 'VIRTUAL_ENV', u'CSRF_COOKIE', 'J2SDKDIR', 'wsgi.input', 'HTTP_USER_AGENT', 'PS1', 'wsgi.multithread', 'HTTP_UPGRADE_INSECURE_REQUESTS', 'HTTP_CACHE_CONTROL', 'XDG_SESSION_ID', '_', 'HTTP_ACCEPT', 'DERBY_HOME', 'SSH_CONNECTION', 'LESSCLOSE', 'SERVER_NAME', 'GATEWAY_INTERFACE', 'HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR', 'SSH_TTY', 'OLDPWD', 'wsgi.multiprocess', 'HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE', 'wsgi.run_once', 'PWD', 'DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'CONTENT_TYPE', 'TERADATA_SIMBA_URI', 'MAIL', 'LS_COLORS', 'REMOTE_HOST', 'HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING', 'PATH_INFO']

通常访问者的ip会包含在上边的键值对中，我们可以通过一下方式获取ip：

通常访问者的IP就在其中，所以我们可以用下列方法获取用户的真实IP：

#X-Forwarded-For:简称XFF头，它代表客户端，也就是HTTP的请求端真实的IP，只有在通过了HTTP 代理或者负载均衡服务器时才会添加该项。
def get_ip(request):
x_forwarded_for = request.META.get('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR')
if x_forwarded_for:
ip = x_forwarded_for.split(',')[0]#所以这里是真实的ip
else:
ip = request.META.get('REMOTE_ADDR')#这里获得代理ip
return ip

结合上一篇的日志模块，可以实现记录登陆用户的ip信息：

remote_info = ''
x_forwarded_for = request.META.get('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR')
if x_forwarded_for:
remote_info = 'HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR:' + x_forwarded_for.split(',')[0]
remote_addr = request.META.get('REMOTE_ADDR')
if remote_addr:
remote_info += ' REMOTE_ADDR:' + remote_addr
if pass_auth:
user.last_login_at = timezone.now()
try:
user.save()
except Exception, msg:
return JsonResponse({'result': 'Error', 'message': str(msg)})
request.session['user_id'] = user_id
request.session.set_expiry(9000)
logger.info('[Success] '+ user_id+' has logged in! '+remote_info)
return JsonResponse({'result': 'Success', 'message': 'Login successfully.'})
else:
logger.warning('[Failed] '+ user_id + ' failed to login! '+remote_info)
return JsonResponse({'result': 'Error', 'message': 'Username or Password is incorrect.'})

PS：这里再为大家推荐一款功能相似的在线工具供大家参考：

IP地址归属地在线查询工具：
http://tools.jb51.net/aideddesign/ipcha

另外，本站在线工具小程序上也有一款功能更加强大的IP地址解析工具，感兴趣的朋友可以扫描如下小程序码查看：

希望本文所述对大家基于Django框架的Python程序设计有所帮助。

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