Tensorflow——MNIST手写数字数据集识别分类,准确率达到98%以上的方法实验
2019-01-10 11:50
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1、网络设计
- 首先我们设计一个具有两层隐藏层的神经网络作为训练MNIST数据集的网络;
- 将学习率设置为变量(每迭代一次,按公式减小学习率,目的为了使得收敛速度更快);
- 将Dropout算法引入,但是并不使用它(keep_prob设置为1.0),只为了说明此项也是可以更改的,对准确率都一定的影响;
- 使用交叉熵(cross-entropy)代价函数计算loss
- 使用Adam优化器,对loss进行操作,使得loss最小
2、网络的实现
网络如下:
[code]import tensorflow as tf from tensorflow.examples.tutorials.mnist import input_data #载入数据集 mnist = input_data.read_data_sets("MNIST_data",one_hot=True) #每个批次的大小 batch_size = 100 #计算一共需要多少个批次 n_batch = mnist.train.num_examples // batch_size #定义两个占位符(placeholder) x = tf.placeholder(tf.float32,[None,784]) y = tf.placeholder(tf.float32,[None,10]) #再定义一个placeholder,后面设置Dropout参数 keep_prob = tf.placeholder(tf.float32) #定义学习率变量 lr = tf.Variable(0.001,dtype= tf.float32) #创建一个简单的神经网络 #第一个隐藏层 #权重 W1 = tf.Variable(tf.truncated_normal([784,500],stddev = 0.1)) #截断的正态分布中输出随机值,标准差:stddev #偏置值 b1 = tf.Variable(tf.zeros([500]) + 0.1) #使用激活函数,获得信号输出,即此层神经元的输出 L1 = tf.nn.tanh(tf.matmul(x, W1) + b1) #调用tensorflow封装好的dropout函数,keep_prob参数是设置有多少的神经元是工作的,在训练时,通过feed操作将确切值传入 L1_drop = tf.nn.dropout(L1, keep_prob) #第二个隐藏层:2000个神经元 W2 = tf.Variable(tf.truncated_normal([500,300],stddev = 0.1)) b2 = tf.Variable(tf.zeros([300]) + 0.1) L2 = tf.nn.tanh(tf.matmul(L1_drop, W2) + b2) L2_drop = tf.nn.dropout(L2, keep_prob) #最后一层输出层:10个神经元 W3 = tf.Variable(tf.truncated_normal([300,10],stddev = 0.1)) b3 = tf.Variable(tf.zeros([10]) + 0.1) prediction = tf.nn.softmax(tf.matmul(L2_drop,W3) + b3) #交叉熵代价函数(cross-entropy)的使用 loss = tf.reduce_mean(tf.nn.softmax_cross_entropy_with_logits(labels=y, logits=prediction)) #使用Adam优化器方法 train_step = tf.train.AdamOptimizer(lr).minimize(loss) #初始化变量 init = tf.global_variables_initializer() #结果存放在一个布尔型列表中 #equal中的两个值,若是一样,则返回True,否则返回False。argmax函数:返回最大值所在的索引值,即位置 correct_prediction = tf.equal(tf.argmax(y,1),tf.argmax(prediction,1)) #求准确率 #将上一步的布尔类型转化为32位浮点型,即True转换为1.0,False转换为0.0,然后计算这些值的平均值作为准确率 accuracy = tf.reduce_mean(tf.cast(correct_prediction,tf.float32)) #定义会话 with tf.Session() as sess: #初始化变量 sess.run(init) #迭代21个周期 for epoch in range(51): #每迭代一个周期,重新给学习率赋值,目的:在后期收敛时,防止学习率过大,因此降低学习率,使得loss达到最小 sess.run(tf.assign(lr,0.001*(0.95**epoch))) #n_batch:之前定义的批次 for batch in range(n_batch): #获得100张图片,图片的数据保存在batch_xs中,图片的标签保存在batch_ys中 batch_xs,batch_ys = mnist.train.next_batch(batch_size) #使用Feed操作,此步执行训练操作的op,将数据喂给他,keep_prob设置为1.0就相当于Dropout没有起作用 sess.run(train_step,feed_dict = {x:batch_xs,y:batch_ys,keep_prob:1.0}) learning_rate = sess.run(lr) #训练一个周期后就可以看下准确率,使用Feed方法,此步执行计算准确度的op操作,将其对应的参数喂给它 test_acc = sess.run(accuracy,feed_dict = {x:mnist.test.images,y:mnist.test.labels,keep_prob:1.0}) print("Iter " + str(epoch) + ",Testing Accuracy " + str(test_acc) + ", Learning Rate= " + str(learning_rate))
3、测试结果
输出结果:
Extracting MNIST_data/train-images-idx3-ubyte.gz Extracting MNIST_data/train-labels-idx1-ubyte.gz Extracting MNIST_data/t10k-images-idx3-ubyte.gz Extracting MNIST_data/t10k-labels-idx1-ubyte.gz Iter 0,Testing Accuracy 0.9499, Learning Rate= 0.001 Iter 1,Testing Accuracy 0.9645, Learning Rate= 0.00095 Iter 2,Testing Accuracy 0.968, Learning Rate= 0.0009025 Iter 3,Testing Accuracy 0.9708, Learning Rate= 0.000857375 Iter 4,Testing Accuracy 0.9747, Learning Rate= 0.00081450626 Iter 5,Testing Accuracy 0.9761, Learning Rate= 0.0007737809 Iter 6,Testing Accuracy 0.9746, Learning Rate= 0.0007350919 Iter 7,Testing Accuracy 0.9791, Learning Rate= 0.0006983373 Iter 8,Testing Accuracy 0.9757, Learning Rate= 0.0006634204 Iter 9,Testing Accuracy 0.9797, Learning Rate= 0.0006302494 Iter 10,Testing Accuracy 0.9773, Learning Rate= 0.0005987369 Iter 11,Testing Accuracy 0.9795, Learning Rate= 0.0005688001 Iter 12,Testing Accuracy 0.9786, Learning Rate= 0.0005403601 Iter 13,Testing Accuracy 0.9801, Learning Rate= 0.0005133421 Iter 14,Testing Accuracy 0.9807, Learning Rate= 0.000487675 Iter 15,Testing Accuracy 0.9806, Learning Rate= 0.00046329122 Iter 16,Testing Accuracy 0.9814, Learning Rate= 0.00044012666 Iter 17,Testing Accuracy 0.9807, Learning Rate= 0.00041812033 Iter 18,Testing Accuracy 0.9802, Learning Rate= 0.00039721432 Iter 19,Testing Accuracy 0.9817, Learning Rate= 0.0003773536 Iter 20,Testing Accuracy 0.9807, Learning Rate= 0.00035848594 Iter 21,Testing Accuracy 0.9804, Learning Rate= 0.00034056162 Iter 22,Testing Accuracy 0.9801, Learning Rate= 0.00032353355 Iter 23,Testing Accuracy 0.9814, Learning Rate= 0.00030735688 Iter 24,Testing Accuracy 0.9818, Learning Rate= 0.000291989 Iter 25,Testing Accuracy 0.9821, Learning Rate= 0.00027738957 Iter 26,Testing Accuracy 0.981, Learning Rate= 0.0002635201 Iter 27,Testing Accuracy 0.9818, Learning Rate= 0.00025034408 Iter 28,Testing Accuracy 0.9826, Learning Rate= 0.00023782688 Iter 29,Testing Accuracy 0.9822, Learning Rate= 0.00022593554 Iter 30,Testing Accuracy 0.9824, Learning Rate= 0.00021463877 Iter 31,Testing Accuracy 0.9811, Learning Rate= 0.00020390682 Iter 32,Testing Accuracy 0.9818, Learning Rate= 0.00019371149 Iter 33,Testing Accuracy 0.9815, Learning Rate= 0.0001840259 Iter 34,Testing Accuracy 0.9814, Learning Rate= 0.00017482461 Iter 35,Testing Accuracy 0.9818, Learning Rate= 0.00016608338 Iter 36,Testing Accuracy 0.9823, Learning Rate= 0.00015777921 Iter 37,Testing Accuracy 0.9828, Learning Rate= 0.00014989026 Iter 38,Testing Accuracy 0.9818, Learning Rate= 0.00014239574 Iter 39,Testing Accuracy 0.9813, Learning Rate= 0.00013527596 Iter 40,Testing Accuracy 0.9815, Learning Rate= 0.00012851215 Iter 41,Testing Accuracy 0.9815, Learning Rate= 0.00012208655 Iter 42,Testing Accuracy 0.9813, Learning Rate= 0.00011598222 Iter 43,Testing Accuracy 0.9811, Learning Rate= 0.00011018311 Iter 44,Testing Accuracy 0.9815, Learning Rate= 0.000104673956 Iter 45,Testing Accuracy 0.9813, Learning Rate= 9.944026e-05 Iter 46,Testing Accuracy 0.9822, Learning Rate= 9.446825e-05 Iter 47,Testing Accuracy 0.9813, Learning Rate= 8.974483e-05 Iter 48,Testing Accuracy 0.9817, Learning Rate= 8.525759e-05 Iter 49,Testing Accuracy 0.9823, Learning Rate= 8.099471e-05 Iter 50,Testing Accuracy 0.9816, Learning Rate= 7.6944976e-05
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