restful framework之认证组件

一、认证介绍

只有认证通过的用户才能访问指定的url地址，比如：查询课程信息，需要登录之后才能查看，没有登录，就不能查看，这时候需要用到认证组件

二、局部使用

（1）models层：

class User(models.Model):
username=models.CharField(max_length=32)
password=models.CharField(max_length=32)
user_type=models.IntegerField(choices=((1,'超级用户'),(2,'普通用户'),(3,'二笔用户')))

class UserToken(models.Model):
user=models.OneToOneField(to='User')
token=models.CharField(max_length=64)

（2）新建认证类（验证通过return两个参数）

from rest_framework.authentication import BaseAuthentication
class TokenAuth():
def authenticate(self, request):
token = request.GET.get('token')
token_obj = models.UserToken.objects.filter(token=token).first()
if token_obj:
return
else:
raise AuthenticationFailed('认证失败')
def authenticate_header(self,request):
pass

（3）view层

def get_random(name):
import hashlib
import time
md=hashlib.md5()
md.update(bytes(str(time.time()),encoding='utf-8'))
md.update(bytes(name,encoding='utf-8'))
return md.hexdigest()
class Login(APIView):
def post(self,reuquest):
back_msg={'status':1001,'msg':None}
try:
name=reuquest.data.get('name')
pwd=reuquest.data.get('pwd')
user=models.User.objects.filter(username=name,password=pwd).first()
if user:
token=get_random(name)
models.UserToken.objects.update_or_create(user=user,defaults={'token':token})
back_msg['status']='1000'
back_msg['msg']='登录成功'
back_msg['token']=token
else:
back_msg['msg'] = '用户名或密码错误'
except Exception as e:
back_msg['msg']=str(e)
return Response(back_msg)

class Course(APIView):
authentication_classes = [TokenAuth, ]

def get(self, request):
return HttpResponse('get')

def post(self, request):
return HttpResponse('post')

附：不存数据库的token验证

def get_token(id,salt='123'):
import hashlib
md=hashlib.md5()
md.update(bytes(str(id),encoding='utf-8'))
md.update(bytes(salt,encoding='utf-8'))

return md.hexdigest()+'|'+str(id)

def check_token(token,salt='123'):
ll=token.split('|')
import hashlib
md=hashlib.md5()
md.update(bytes(ll[-1],encoding='utf-8'))
md.update(bytes(salt,encoding='utf-8'))
if ll[0]==md.hexdigest():
return True
else:
return False

class TokenAuth():
def authenticate(self, request):
token = request.GET.get('token')
success=check_token(token)
if success:
return
else:
raise AuthenticationFailed('认证失败')
def authenticate_header(self,request):
pass
class Login(APIView):
def post(self,reuquest):
back_msg={'status':1001,'msg':None}
try:
name=reuquest.data.get('name')
pwd=reuquest.data.get('pwd')
user=models.User.objects.filter(username=name,password=pwd).first()
if user:
token=get_token(user.pk)
# models.UserToken.objects.update_or_create(user=user,defaults={'token':token})
back_msg['status']='1000'
back_msg['msg']='登录成功'
back_msg['token']=token
else:
back_msg['msg'] = '用户名或密码错误'
except Exception as e:
back_msg['msg']=str(e)
return Response(back_msg)
from rest_framework.authentication import BaseAuthentication
class TokenAuth():
def authenticate(self, request):
token = request.GET.get('token')
token_obj = models.UserToken.objects.filter(token=token).first()
if token_obj:
return
else:
raise AuthenticationFailed('认证失败')
def authenticate_header(self,request):
pass

class Course(APIView):
authentication_classes = [TokenAuth, ]

def get(self, request):
return HttpResponse('get')

def post(self, request):
return HttpResponse('post')

总结：局部使用，只需要在视图类里加入：

authentication_classes = [TokenAuth, ]

三、全局使用

REST_FRAMEWORK={
"DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES":["app01.service.auth.Authentication",]
}

四、源码分析

#Request对象的user方法
@property
def user(self):
the authentication classes provided to the request.
if not hasattr(self, '_user'):
with wrap_attributeerrors():
self._authenticate()
return self._user

def _authenticate(self):
for authenticator in self.authenticators:
try:
user_auth_tuple = authenticator.authenticate(self)
except exceptions.APIException:
self._not_authenticated()
raise
#认证成功，可以返回一个元组，但必须是最后一个验证类才能返回
if user_auth_tuple is not None:
self._authenticator = authenticator
self.user, self.auth = user_auth_tuple
return

self._not_authenticated()

self.authenticators

def get_authenticators(self):
return [auth() for auth in self.authentication_classes]

认证类使用顺序：先用视图类中的验证类，再用settings里配置的验证类，最后用默认的验证类