python 记录Django与Vue前后端分离项目搭建

参考链接：

https://www.geek-share.com/detail/2703866190.html

1. 安装python与vue

2. 创建Django项目

[code]django-admin startproject ulb_manager

3. 进入项目并创建名为backeng的app

[code]cd ulb_manager
python manage.py startapp backend

4. 使用vue-cli创建vue项目 frontend

[code]vue-init webpack frontend

5.打包vue目录

[code]cd frontend
npm install
npm run build

打包完成后会生成dist文件 内有index.html和文件夹static  

6.配置Django指向index.html

 配置ulb_manager/urls.py文件

[code]
from django.views.generic import TemplateView   // 添加

urlpatterns = [
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
path('index/', TemplateView.as_view(template_name="index.html")),  // 添加
]

配置ulb_manager/settings.py文件

[code]TEMPLATES = [
{
'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
# 'DIRS': [],
'DIRS': ['frontend/dist'],   // 添加
'APP_DIRS': True,
'OPTIONS': {
'context_processors': [
'django.template.context_processors.debug',
'django.template.context_processors.request',
'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
],
},
},
]

STATICFILES_DIRS = [    // 添加
os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "frontend/dist/static"),
]

7. 这时启动Django项目 并访问/index便能打开打包好的vue项目

[code]python manage.py runserver

8. Django添加接口

    在Django的backend目录下新建urls.py文件

[code]from django.urls import path

from . import views

urlpatterns = [
path('testapi', views.testapi, name='testapi'),
]

    修改backend目录下views.py文件

[code]from django.shortcuts import render

# Create your views here.
from django.http import HttpResponse
import json

# 解决前端post请求 csrf问题
from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt
@csrf_exempt

def testapi(request):
print(request)
print(request.method)
if request.method == "GET":
print(request.GET.get('aa'))
resp = {'errorcode': 100, 'type': 'Get', 'data': {'main': request.GET.get('aa')}}
return HttpResponse(json.dumps(resp), content_type="application/json")
else:
print(request.POST)
print(request.body)
str1=str(request.body, encoding = "utf-8")
data=eval(str1)
print(data)
print(data['aa'])
print(type(request.body))
resp = {'errorcode': 100, 'type': 'Post', 'data': {'main': data['aa']}}
return HttpResponse(json.dumps(resp), content_type="application/json")

配置ulb_manager/urls.py文件

[code]from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import include, path  // 添加
from django.views.generic import TemplateView

urlpatterns = [
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
path('index/', TemplateView.as_view(template_name="index.html")),
path('api/', include('backend.urls'))   // 添加
]

这时接口就可以访问到了

9. 开发环境跨域

    前端编辑时依旧使用npm run dev 这时请求Django接口可能会出现跨域问题   

    安装django-cors-headers

[code]pip install django-cors-headers

    配置ulb_manager/settings.py文件

[code]MIDDLEWARE = [
'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
'corsheaders.middleware.CorsMiddleware',  // 添加
'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]

CORS_ORIGIN_ALLOW_ALL = True   // 添加

10. 在vue中请求接口

    配置axios

    https://blog.csdn.net/qq_39785489/article/details/80111141

    在组建中使用

[code]import {post,get,patch,put} from '../http'

export default {
name: 'HelloWorld',
mounted() {
// get('http://localhost:8000/api/testapi?aa=bb')
//   .then((response) => {
//     console.log(response)
// })
post('http://localhost:8000/api/testapi',{"aa": 'bb'})
.then((response) => {
console.log(response)
console.log(response.data.main)
})
},
data () {
return {
msg: 'Welcome to Your Vue.js App'
}
}
}

  请求成功