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python中字符串内置函数的用法总结

2018-09-13 14:39 1376 查看

capitalize() 首字母大写

a='someword'
b=a.capitalize()
print(b)
―>Someword

casefold()&lower() 所有字母变小写,casefold可将未知字符便小写

a='someWORD'
b=a.casefold()
print(b)
c=a.lower()
print(c)
―>someword
―>someword

center(width,fillchar=None) 设置宽度,并将内容居中,空白未知填充,一个字符

a='someword'
b=a.center(30,'*')
print(b)

count(sub,start=None,end=None) 去字符串中寻找,寻找子序列的出现次数,可指定起止点

a='somewordsomeword'
b=a.count(‘or')
print(b)
―>2

startswith(suffix,start=None,end=None)&endswith(suffix,start=None,end=None) 是否以XX开始/结束,可指定起止点

a='somewordsomeword'
b=a.startswith(‘sa')
c=a.endswith(‘ord')
print(b)
print(c)
―>False
―>True

find(sub,start=None,end=None) 寻找指定字符或字符串,并返回第一个位置,找不到返回-1,可指定起止点

a='somewordsomeword'
b=a.find(‘me')
print(b)
―>2

format() 格式化,将一个字符串中的占位符替换为指定的值

test='I am {name},age {a}'
v=test.format(name='alex',a=19)
print(v)
―>i am alex,age 19

format_map() 格式化,传入的值

test='iam{name},age{a}'
v=test.format_map({“name”:'alex',”a”:19})
print(v)
―>i am alex,age 19

isalnum() 字符串中是否只包含字母和数字

a='asdfs123*'
b=a.isalnum()
print(b)
―>False

expandtabs(tabsize=number) 将字符串以number分割,并将tab补入

a='asdfs123\t523fgbdf'
b=a.expandtabs(5)
print(b)
―>asdfs123 523fgbdf

isalpha() 字符串中是只包含字母

a='asdfsfgbdf'
b=a.isalpha()
print(b)
―>True

isdecimal()&isdigit()&isnumeric() 字符串中是只包含数字,isdigit更为强大,isnumeric还可识别中文

a='132132②二'
b=a.isdecimal()
c=a.isdigit()
d=a.isnumeric()
print(b)
print(c)
print(d)
―>False
―>False
―>True

isprintable() 是否存在不可显示的字符如换行符

a='sdfgdfg\t'
b=a.isprintable()
print(b)
―>False

isspace() 判断是否全部为空格

a='dsvsdv'
b=a.isspace()
print(b)
―>False

istitle()&title() 判断是否为标题,即首字母大写&变为标题

a='follow uncased characters and lowercase characters only cased ones'
b=a.istitle()
print(b)
c=a.title()
print(c)
―>False
―>Follow Uncased Characters And Lowercase Characters Only Cased Ones

join(iterable) 将字符串中的每个元素按照指定分隔符进行拼接

a='一二三四五六七'
print(a)
b='*'
c=b.join(a)
print(c)
―>一二三四五六七
―>一二三四五六七

ljust(width,fillchar=None)&rjust(width,fillchar=None) 向右/左填充字符

a='hello'
b=a.ljust(20,'*')
c=a.rjust(20,'*')
print(b)
print(c)
―>hello***************
―>***************hello

islower()&lower() 判断是是否为全小写&变为全部小写

a='Hello'
b=a.islower()
c=a.lower()
print(b,c)
―>False hello

isupper()&c=a.upper() 判断是是否为全大写&变为全部大写

a='Hello'
b=a.isupper()
c=a.upper()
print(b,c)
―>False HELLO

lstrip(chars=None)&rstrip(chars=None)&strip(chars=None) 去除字符串左边/右边/两边的字符串,默认空格,换行等

a='Hello'
b=a.lstrip()
c=a.rstrip()
d=a.strip()
print(b)
print(c)
print(d)
―>Hello
―> Hello
―>Hello

maketrans(*args,**kwargs)&translate(table) 按maketrans对应关系将translate中的字符串进行替换

a='asdgfrfbcvzxrentas'
b=str.maketrans(‘xdsa','1234')
c=a.translate(b)
print(c)
―> 432gfrfbcvz1rent43

partition(sep)&rpartition(sep) 将字符串按指定字符分割成3段/或从右开始

a='helwloasvxcwaewc'
b=a.partition(‘w')
c=a.rpartition(‘w')
print(b)
print(c)
―>(‘hel', ‘w', ‘loasvxcwaewc')
―>(‘helwloasvxcwae', ‘w', ‘c')

split(sep=None,maxsplit=-1)&rsplit(sep=None,maxsplit=-1) 将字符串按指定字符串分割,分割后不保留

a='helwloasvxcwaewc'
b=a.split(‘w',2)
c=a.rsplit(‘w')
print(b)
print(c)
―>[‘hel', ‘loasvxc', ‘aewc']
―>[‘hel', ‘loasvxc', ‘ae', ‘c']

splitlines(keepends=None) 按照换行符进行分割,带true参数保留换行符

a='helwloas\nvxcwaewc\nafgasdfs'
b=a.splitlines()
c=a.splitlines(True)
print(b)
print(c)
―>[‘helwloas', ‘vxcwaewc', ‘afgasdfs']
―>[‘helwloas\n', ‘vxcwaewc\n', ‘afgasdfs']

startswith(prefix,start=None,end=None)&endswith(prefix,start=None,end=None) 判断字符串是否以指定字符开始/结束,可指定起止点

a='aefsfsfeeav'
b=a.startswith(‘ae')
c=a.endswith(‘av',1,9)
print(b)
print(c)
True
―>False

swapcase() 小写转变为大写

a='aefsfsfeeav'
b=a.swapcase()
print(b)
―>AEFSFSFEEAV

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标签:  python 内置函数