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[linux]netstat命令详解-显示linux中各种网络相关信息

2018-04-02 16:35 447 查看

1.功能与说明

netstat 用于显示linux中各种网络相关信息。如网络链接 路由表  接口状态链接 多播成员等等。

2.参数含义介绍

-a (all)显示所有选项,默认不显示LISTEN相关
-t (tcp)仅显示tcp相关选项
-u (udp)仅显示udp相关选项
-n 拒绝显示别名,能显示数字的全部转化成数字。
-l 仅列出有在 Listen (监听) 的服務状态

-p 显示建立相关链接的程序名
-r 显示路由信息,路由表
-e 显示扩展信息,例如uid等
-s 按各个协议进行统计
-c 每隔一个固定时间,执行该netstat命令。

提示:LISTEN和LISTENING的状态只有用-a或者-l才能看到

3.常用实例

3.1  列出所有端口 

netstat -a
[root@zhz jiehun]#netstat -a|more
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address               Foreign Address             State
tcp        0      0 *:sunrpc                    *:*                         LISTEN
tcp        0      0 *:webcache                  *:*                         LISTEN
tcp        0      0 *:http                      *:*                         LISTEN
tcp        0      0 192.168.122.1:domain        *:*                         LISTEN
tcp        0      0 localhost.localdomain:d-s-n *:*                         LISTEN
tcp        0      0 *:ssh                       *:*                         LISTEN
tcp        0      0 localhost.loc:simplifymedia *:*                         LISTEN  

3.2  列出所有tcp端口

使用 -t 选项列出 TCP 协议的连接

[root@zhz jiehun]#netstat -at|more
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address               Foreign Address             State
tcp        0      0 *:sunrpc                    *:*                         LISTEN
tcp        0      0 *:webcache                  *:*                         LISTEN
tcp        0      0 *:http                      *:*                         LISTEN
tcp        0      0 192.168.122.1:domain        *:*                         LISTEN
tcp        0      0 localhost.localdomain:d-s-n *:*                         LISTEN
tcp        0      0 *:ssh                       *:*                         LISTEN
tcp        0      0 localhost.loc:simplifymedia *:*                         LISTEN  

3.3 列出所有udp端口

使用 -u 选项列出 UDP 协议的连接 

netstat -au
[root@zhz jiehun]#netstat -au|more
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address               Foreign Address             State
udp        0      0 *:ideafarm-panic            *:*
udp        0      0 *:47005                     *:*
udp        0      0 localhost.loca:memcache     *:*
udp        0      0 *:55276                     *:*
udp        0      0 192.168.122.1:domain        *:*
udp        0      0 *:bootps                    *:*
udp        0      0 *:bootpc                    *:*
udp        0      0 *:sunrpc                    *:*
udp        0      0 *:ipp                       *:*
udp        0      0 *:44236                     *:*
udp        0      0 *:722                       *:*                                     

3.4 只显示监听端口 netstat -l

[root@zhz jiehun]# netstat -l
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address               Foreign Address             State
tcp        0      0 *:sunrpc                    *:*                         LISTEN
tcp        0      0 *:webcache                  *:*                         LISTEN
tcp        0      0 *:http                      *:*                         LISTEN
tcp        0      0 192.168.122.1:domain        *:*                         LISTEN
tcp        0      0 localhost.localdomain:d-s-n *:*                         LISTEN
tcp        0      0 *:ssh                       *:*                         LISTEN
tcp        0      0 localhost.loc:simplifymedia *:*                         LISTEN
tcp        0      0 localhost.localdomain:ipp   *:*                         LISTEN
tcp        0      0 *:44343                     *:*                         LISTEN
tcp        0      0 localhost.localdomain:smtp  *:*                         LISTEN

3.5 只显示监听的tcp端口 netstat -lt

[root@zhz jiehun]# netstat -lt
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address               Foreign Address             State
tcp        0      0 *:sunrpc                    *:*                         LISTEN
tcp        0      0 *:webcache                  *:*                         LISTEN
tcp        0      0 *:http                      *:*                         LISTEN
tcp        0      0 192.168.122.1:domain        *:*                         LISTEN
tcp        0      0 localhost.localdomain:d-s-n *:*                         LISTEN
tcp        0      0 *:ssh                       *:*                         LISTEN
tcp        0      0 localhost.loc:simplifymedia *:*                         LISTEN
tcp        0      0 localhost.localdomain:ipp   *:*                         LISTEN
tcp        0      0 *:44343                     *:*                         LISTEN
tcp        0      0 localhost.localdomain:smtp  *:*                         LISTEN

3.6 只显示所有监听udp端口 netstat -lu

[root@zhz jiehun]# netstat -lu
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address               Foreign Address             State
udp        0      0 *:ideafarm-panic            *:*
udp        0      0 *:47005                     *:*
udp        0      0 *:47551                     *:*
udp        0      0 localhost.loca:memcache     *:*
udp        0      0 *:55276                     *:*
udp        0      0 192.168.122.1:domain        *:*
udp        0      0 *:bootps                    *:*
udp        0      0 *:bootpc                    *:*
udp        0      0 *:sunrpc                    *:*

3.7  只列出所有监听unix端口 netstat -lx

[root@zhz jiehun]# netstat -lx
Active UNIX domain sockets (only servers)
Proto RefCnt Flags       Type       State         I-Node Path
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     21941  /tmp/.X11-unix/X0
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     34096  /tmp/orbit-haozheng/linc-cd2-0-5b33fa1ecf0c9
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     22263  @/tmp/gdm-greeter-cBlQsyRF
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     32728  /tmp/.ICE-unix/3103
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     36866  @/tmp/dbus-AcJrBlWF
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     20454  /tmp/mysql.sock

3.8  显示所有端口的统计信息 netstat -s

[root@zhz jiehun]# netstat -s
Ip:
1943780 total packets received
2 forwarded
0 incoming packets discarded
1769532 incoming packets delivered
1121573 requests sent out
132 outgoing packets dropped
45867 dropped because of missing route
Tcp:
64002 active connections openings
7632 passive connection openings
2309 failed connection attempts
498 connection resets received
8 connections established
1018564 segments received
1022700 segments send out
16835 segments retransmited
2 bad segments received.
552 resets sent
Udp:
133420 packets received
7845 packets to unknown port received.
0 packet receive errors
74841 packets sent
0 receive buffer errors
0 send buffer errors

3.9 显示所有tcp(netstat -st)或udp(netstat -su)的统计信息

[root@zhz jiehun]# netstat -su
IcmpMsg:
InType0: 11
InType3: 13506
OutType3: 13679
OutType8: 11
Udp:
133462 packets received
7869 packets to unknown port received.
0 packet receive errors
74888 packets sent
0 receive buffer errors
0 send buffer errors
UdpLite:
IpExt:
InNoRoutes: 991
InMcastPkts: 24308
OutMcastPkts: 2353
InBcastPkts: 630615
OutBcastPkts: 1546
InOctets: 755319900
OutOctets: 296705252
InMcastOctets: 2908748
OutMcastOctets: 93173
InBcastOctets: 99500419
OutBcastOctets: 299980

3.10 显示pid/进程名称 netstat -p   -p可以与其他参数一起使用 比如 显示tcp的进程id信息

[root@zhz jiehun]# netstat -pt
Active Internet connections (w/o servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address               Foreign Address             State       PID/Program name
tcp        0      0 192.168.0.52:44784          123.150.49.20:http          FIN_WAIT2   4207/VirtualBox
tcp        0      0 192.168.0.52:46715          ie-in-f125.1e100.net:https  ESTABLISHED 4207/VirtualBox
tcp        0      0 192.168.0.52:43415          geotrust-ocsp-mtv.veri:http FIN_WAIT2   4207/VirtualBox

3.11  在 netstat 输出中不显示主机,端口和用户名 (host, port or user)当你不想让主机,端口和用户名显示,使用 netstat -n。将会使用数字代替那些名称。同样可以加速输出,因为不用进行比对查询。netstat -ntpl  显示tcp的监听端口 不显示主机端口用户名 用数字代替

[root@zhz jiehun]# netstat -ptnl
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address               Foreign Address             State       PID/Program name
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:111                 0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      971/rpcbind
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:8080                0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      1526/nginx: master
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80                  0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      1526/nginx: master
tcp        0      0 192.168.122.1:53            0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      1248/dnsmasq
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:8086              0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      1553/python
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22                  0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      1163/sshd
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:8087              0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      1553/python
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:631               0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      1140/cupsd
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:44343               0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      1151/rpc.statd
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:25                0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      18573/sendmail: acc
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:3002              0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      1004/ruby
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:8000                0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      1526/nginx: master

3.12  一秒钟输出一次tcp监听端口信息 netstat -ntplc

Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address               Foreign Address             State       PID/Program name
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:111                 0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      971/rpcbind
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:8080                0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      1526/nginx: master
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80                  0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      1526/nginx: master
tcp        0      0 192.168.122.1:53            0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      1248/dnsmasq
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:8086              0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      1553/python
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22                  0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      1163/sshd

3.13  显示路由信息 netstat -r

[root@zhz jiehun]# netstat -r
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags   MSS Window  irtt Iface
default         vrouter         0.0.0.0         UG        0 0          0 eth0
192.168.0.0     *               255.255.255.0   U         0 0          0 eth0
192.168.122.0   *               255.255.255.0   U         0 0          0 virb

3.14 显示网络接口列表 netstat -i

[root@zhz jiehun]# netstat -i
Kernel Interface table
Iface       MTU Met    RX-OK RX-ERR RX-DRP RX-OVR    TX-OK TX-ERR TX-DRP TX-OVR Flg
eth0       1500   0  4943885      0      0      0   901773      0      0      0 BMRU
lo        16436   0   236931      0      0      0   236931      0      0      0 LRU
virbr0     1500   0        0      0      0      0        0      0      0      0 BMU
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