11gRac+single DG

    我是封萌，我是oracle dba，整理这些文档时从事dba行业已经有7年的时间，这一路走来非常不容易，想过放弃，未来也不一定从事dba行业一辈子。所以整理一下自己以前的技术笔记和工作经历，是对从前在职业生涯中帮助过我的朋友的一份感恩，也是对自己这段路程的回念。文档开头都有针对的目标群体，并不都是从小白开始，任何文档都建议先进行测试，谨慎操作，永怀敬畏之心。我的qq号是：214926381，如果有数据库方面的问题，欢迎大家一起交流。天堂向左，dba向右。
注意本文档针对  中级DBA

rac基础上搭建单机dg
主机系统均是oracle linux 5.8  oracle 11.2.0.2主库是双节点rac，备库是单节点，主库是asm存储，备库是本地存储主库为hhtdb1、hhtdb2  备库为hhtdbdg1、主库、备库配置好监听、tns，传输主库的密码文件到备库2、主库开启归档模式、开启force logging 模式alter database archivelog;alter database force logging;3、创建pfile，传输pfile到备库传输：create pfile ='/backup/initoradbdg.ora' from spfile;      scp ./* oracle@192.168.10.226:/backup/backupdg/主库原来的pfile为：*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/hhtdb/adump'*.audit_trail='db'*.cluster_database=true*.compatible='11.2.0.0.0'*.control_files='+DATA/hhtdb/controlfile/current.261.836761885','+DATA/hhtdb/controlfile/current.260.836761885'*.db_block_size=8192*.db_create_file_dest='+DATA'*.db_domain=''*.db_name='hhtdb'*.db_recovery_file_dest='+DATA'*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4227858432*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=hhtdbXDB)'hhtdb1.instance_number=1hhtdb2.instance_number=2hhtdb1.log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=+arch1/hhtdb'hhtdb2.log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=+arch2/hhtdb'*.memory_target=27051163648*.open_cursors=300*.processes=150*.remote_listener='hhtdb-scanip:1521'*.remote_login_passwordfile='exclusive'hhtdb2.thread=2hhtdb1.thread=1hhtdb1.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'hhtdb2.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS2'传输pfile到备库，修改pfile文件；修改为：*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/hhtdbdg/adump'*.audit_trail='db'*.cluster_database=false*.compatible='11.2.0.0.0'*.control_files='/dgdata/hhtdbdg/control01.ctl'#Restore Controlfile*.db_block_size=8192*.db_create_file_dest='/dgdata/hhtdbdg'*.db_domain=''*.DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='+DATA/hhtdb/datafile','/dgdata/hhtdbdg/datafile'  ---主备数据日志文件路径*.db_name='hhtdb'*.db_unique_name='hhtdbdg'*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'*.fal_client='hhtdbdg'   ---db unique name*.fal_server='hhtdb'   ---db unique name*.LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(hhtdb,hhtdbdg)'   ---db unique name*.log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=/rman/arch   VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES)   DB_UNIQUE_NAME=hhtdbdg'  ---本库归档目录*.log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=hhtdb   LGWR   VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE)   DB_UNIQUE_NAME=hhtdb'  ---主库字符串*.LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='+DATA/hhtdb/onlinelog','/dgdata/hhtdbdg/onlinelog'  ---主备redo日志文件路径*.memory_target=3221225472*.open_cursors=300*.processes=150*.remote_login_passwordfile='exclusive'*.standby_file_management='AUTO'*.thread=1*.undo_management='AUTO'*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'蓝色为修改参数，红色为增加参数，还有一部分参数去掉了；
4、主库用Rman备份：#rman target /rman > CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;rman > CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '/rman/ctl%F';也可以：alter database create standby controlfile as '/backup/standbyctl.ctl';rman > backup database format '/rman/db%U';用nfs共享/rman目录给备份主机，备库主机挂载/rman目录到/rman
恢复controlfilerestore standby controlfile from '/backup/ctlc-2687307724-20170214-00';5、恢复数据库run {allocate channel c1 type disk;allocate channel c2 type disk;allocate channel c3 type disk;allocate channel c4 type disk;restore database; release channel c1; release channel c2;release channel c3;release channel c4;}=========================================4、使用duplicate方式恢复备库在主库主机上操作rman target / auxiliary sys/oracle@hhtdbdg如果主库上连接不上备库，那就用备库执行：rman auxiliary / target  sys/oracle@hhtdbrman > duplicate target database for standby; (该操作会自动创建standby control到备库，然后mount数据库)报错之后运行：rman > run {set newname for tempfile 1      to      "/dgdata/hhtdbdg/temp_01.dbf";switch clone tempfile all;set newname for datafile "+DATA/hhtdb/datafile/users.259.836761729"        to      "/dgdata/hhtdbdg/users_01.dbf" ;set newname for datafile "+DATA/hhtdb/datafile/undotbs1.258.836761729"     to      "/dgdata/hhtdbdg/undotbs1_01.dbf";set newname for datafile "+DATA/hhtdb/datafile/undotbs1.258.836761729"     to      "/dgdata/hhtdbdg/undotbs2_01.dbf"set newname for datafile "+DATA/hhtdb/datafile/sysaux.257.836761729"       to      "/dgdata/hhtdbdg/sysaux_01.dbf"   ;set newname for datafile "+DATA/hhtdb/datafile/system.256.836761729"       to      "/dgdata/hhtdbdg/system_01.dbf"    ;set newname for datafile "+DATA/hhtdb/datafile/undotbs2.267.836761981"     to      "/dgdata/hhtdbdg/undotbs2_01.dbf"   ;restorecheck readonlyclone database;}或者写个脚本，在后台运行，脚本名为bk.sh，内容为：/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/rman  log=/tmp/rman.log <<EOFconnect auxiliary  sys/sitech123@hhtdbdgconnect target sys/sitech123@hhtdbrun {configure device type disk parallelism 4;set newname for tempfile 1      to      "/dgdata/hhtdbdg/temp_01.dbf";switch clone tempfile all;set newname for datafile "+DATA/hhtdb/datafile/users.259.836761729"        to      "/dgdata/hhtdbdg/users.259.836761729" ;set newname for datafile "+DATA/hhtdb/datafile/undotbs1.258.836761729"     to      "/dgdata/hhtdbdg/undotbs1.258.836761729";set newname for datafile "+DATA/hhtdb/datafile/undotbs2.267.836761981"     to      "/dgdata/hhtdbdg/undotbs2.267.836761981";set newname for datafile "+DATA/hhtdb/datafile/sysaux.257.836761729"       to      "/dgdata/hhtdbdg/sysaux.257.836761729"   ;set newname for datafile "+DATA/hhtdb/datafile/system.256.836761729"       to      "/dgdata/hhtdbdg/system.256.836761729"    ;restorecheck readonlyclone database;}EOF=====================================6、等脚本跑完，给备库创建standby logfile group，主库有6个，那就给备库创建7个（因为主库是rac库，所以创建的时候需要添加tread参数，日志大小要跟主库保持一致）alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 7 ('/dgdata/hhtdbdg/arch/onlinelog/group7_01.log','/dgdata/hhtdbdg/arch/onlinelog/group7_02.log') size 1024M;thread 1 的添加4组，thread 2 的添加3组，或者两个都添加4组特别注意：要给每个节点都要加alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 9  size 50M ,group 10 size 50M ,group 11 size 50M;alter database add standby logfile thread 2 group 12 size 50M ,group 13 size 50M ,group 14 size 50M;alter database add standby logfile thread 3 group 15 size 50M ,group 16 size 50M ,group 17 size 50M;alter database add standby logfile thread 4 group 18 size 50M ,group 19 size 50M ,group 20 size 50M;查看日志情况：select members from v$log;
7、主库的添加参数为（两个rac库都要执行）：alter system set fal_server='hhtdbdg' scope=both sid='*';alter system set log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(hhtdb,hhtdbdg)' scope=both sid='*';alter system set log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=hhtdbdg   LGWR ASYNC  VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE)   DB_UNIQUE_NAME=hhtdbdg' scope=both sid='*';alter system set standby_file_management='AUTO' scope=both sid='*';
alter database add standby logfile group 6  size 50M ,group 7 size 50M ,group 8 size 50M,group 9 size 50M,group 10 size 50M;alter system set log_archive_dest_3='SERVICE=rac2 LGWR VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=rac' scope=both;
均用alter system 命令添加（建议在最后再添加（备库同步主库之前添加））添加完之后就可以进行日志文件传输了（如果前边没有修改主库参数，现在修改），备库： alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;查看主库和备库的alter文件；11g的alter文件路径为：/u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/hhtdbdg/hhtdbdg/trace默认是主库向备库传输归档日志，如果主库传输失败，备库会主动向主库抓取归档日志查看备库的归档日志有没有传输11g dataguard新特性： 可以open之后在传输日志：alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session; （10g不可以）
8、打开数据库备库提供查询，开启日志应用alter database recover managed standby database cancel;alter database open;alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;
9、注意验证时切换日志
查看日志应用情况column NAME format a50set lines 200select sequence#,name,applied from v$archived_log;