ORA-12514:TNS 监听问题

解决问题：ORA-12514 TNS 监听程序当前无法识别连接描述符中请求服务

测试环境：RedHat7.4 + Oracle 11g 64位
相关说明：
数据库服务器：
Oracle11g 64位软件的安装位置为/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1，数据库名为默认的orcl,
RedHat7.4虚拟机的IP设置为：192.168.8.13

Windows10客户端：
1、PLSQL安装位置：E:\Program Files\PLSQL Developer
2、Oracle客户端位置：E:\app
打开E:\app\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1\NETWORK\ADMIN\tnsnames.ora文件

ORCL =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 虚拟机IP)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
))

3.添加一个环境变量，名为TNS_ADMIN，值为tnsnames.ora文件所在路径E:\app\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1\NETWORK\ADMIN，plsql通过这个找到orcl连接字符串

4.添加一个环境变量NLS_LANG = SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.ZHS16GBK

遇到问题：
使用plsql连接数据库服务器：“ORA-12514 TNS 监听程序当前无法识别连接描述符中请求服务”

解决办法简述：
1.修改E:\app\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1\NETWORK\ADMIN\listener.ora中的localhost改为192.168.8.13；
2.修改E:\app\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1\NETWORK\ADMIN\tnsnames.ora中的localhost 改为 192.168.8.13；
3.修改后，重启oracle，监听，并注册，主win10上的plsql就可以远程连接虚拟机上的数据库了。

具体操作步骤如下：

一、修改数据库服务器中listener.ora文件内容
命令:

# vi /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora

原始内容:

# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost.localdomain)(PORT = 1521))
)
)
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle

修改后的内容如下：

# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
(SID_NAME = orcl)
)
)

LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost.localdomain)(PORT = 1521))
)
)

ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle

或者LISTENER这里改的简单一些，改用IP地址也行
LISTENER = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.8.13)(PORT = 1521)))

二、修改数据库服务器中tnsnames.ora文件内容
命令:

# vi /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora

原始内容:

# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
ORCL =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost.localdomain)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
)
)

修改后的内容：

# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
orcl =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.8.13)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SID = orcl)
)
)

三、在数据库服务器中启动监听并更新注册

最后重启一下监听与数据库并更新注册
$ lsnrctl stop         #先关闭监听服务
$ lsnrctl start        #开启监听服务
$ sqlplus / as sysdba      #登入
SQL> shutdown immediate     #立即关闭数据库服务
SQL> startup         #开启数据库服务
命令：SQL> alter system register;  #注册
System altered.
SQL>
SQL> quit #登出
输出：
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

四、Windows10客户端下的测试步骤：使用plsqldev.exe测试，
修改E:\app\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1\NETWORK\ADMIN\tnsnames.ora文件，新增到虚拟机Oracle的连接内容:

# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File:E:\app\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1\NETWORK\ADMIN\tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
ORCL =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.8.13)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
)
)
NH =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.8.19)(PORT = 1525))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SID = nh)
)
)