How To Set a NLS Session Parameter At Database Or Schema Level For All Connections?

APPLIES TO:
Oracle Database - Enterprise Edition - Version 8.0.3.0 to 11.2.0.3 [Release 8.0.3 to 11.2]
Oracle Database - Enterprise Edition - Version 11.2.0.4 to 11.2.0.4 [Release 11.2]
Information in this document applies to any platform.
PURPOSE
How to define some NLS session parameters for all clients, regardless of the used NLS_LANG (or other NLS parameter) setting on the client side

SCOPE
Anyone who want to control NLS settings from the server side.

DETAILS
Why to set a NLS session parameter at Database or Schema level for all connections?
The client side NLS setting will override the instance NLS settings like documented in Note 241047.1 The Priority of NLS Parameters Explained.

So you have no "server side" control on the used NLS session settings as they are derived from the client side.

However, if you like to overwrite some NLS session parameters for all clients, regardless of the used NLS_LANG (or other NLS parameter) setting on the client side then you can do that, for most environments, in the way described in this note.
Please note that:

* Oracle recommends you to define always the (correct) NLS_LANG.
The <characterset> part of the NLS_LANG is a (very important) client only parameter and cannot be set or defined from server side for a session.
Why this is so important is documented in Note 158577.1 and note 179133.1

* This is *not* working for some JDBC drivers , see Note 115001.1 NLS_LANG Client Settings and JDBC Drivers
And may also not work for other 3the party connection methods,if the connector issues from the driver itself alter sessions after the logon procedure of Oracle is done then they will override the trigger.

* When using a PL/SQL package procedure called by the logon trigger and this has any unhandled exceptions or raises any exceptions, then the logon trigger fails. When the logon trigger fails, the logon fails, that is, the user is denied permission to log in to the database

* We do NOT recommend to have several "after logon" triggers, for setting NLS parameters seen the execution order may differ. See Note 121196.1 Fire Sequence of Database Triggers
How to set a NLS session parameter at database level for all connections ?
Create an event trigger like this:
(Example for the NLS_TIMESTAMP_TZ_FORMAT parameter)

CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER sys.global_nls_session_settings AFTER LOGON ON DATABASE
BEGIN
execute immediate 'alter session set NLS_TIMESTAMP_TZ_FORMAT =''DD/MM/YYYY HH24:MI:SS TZR TZD''';
END;
/
How to set a NLS session parameter at schema level for all connections ?
You can also create a logon trigger for one schema:
(Example for the NLS_DATE_FORMAT and NLS_NUMERIC_CHARACTERS parameter for the scott schema)
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER sys.schema_nls_session_settings AFTER LOGON ON SCOTT.SCHEMA
BEGIN
execute immediate 'alter session set NLS_DATE_FORMAT=''DD/MM/YYYY HH24:MI:SS''';
execute immediate 'alter session set NLS_NUMERIC_CHARACTERS=''.,''';
END;
/
What NLS parameters can be set using logon triggers?
The parameters which can be set like this, are all the NLS parameters you can do an alter session for:

8i and up:

NLS_CALENDAR
NLS_COMP
NLS_CREDIT
NLS_CURRENCY
NLS_DATE_FORMAT
NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE
NLS_DEBIT
NLS_ISO_CURRENCY
NLS_LANGUAGE
NLS_LIST_SEPARATOR
NLS_MONETARY_CHARACTERS
NLS_NUMERIC_CHARACTERS
NLS_SORT
NLS_TERRITORY
NLS_DUAL_CURRENCY
NLS_TIMESTAMP_FORMAT
NLS_TIMESTAMP_TZ_FORMAT

new in 9i/10g:
NLS_LENGTH_SEMANTICS
NLS_NCHAR_CONV_EXCP
note: NLS_TIME_FORMAT and NLS_TIME_TZ_FORMAT are used internally only and should NOT be set or altered

Again, the client character set CANNOT be set or defined this way.
How to see if there are logon triggers?
This select gives you all defined after logon triggers:

conn / as sysdba
select OWNER, TRIGGER_NAME, TRIGGER_BODY from DBA_TRIGGERS where
trim(TRIGGERING_EVENT) = 'LOGON'
/
select OWNER, TRIGGER_NAME, TRIGGER_BODY from DBA_TRIGGERS where
upper(TRIGGER_NAME) = 'LOGON_PROC'
/

REFERENCES
NOTE:115001.1 - NLS_LANG Client Settings and JDBC Drivers
NOTE:241047.1 - The Priority of NLS Parameters Explained (Where To Define NLS Parameters)

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BULLETIN
PUBLISHED
16-Jul-2015
06-Dec-2016

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