菜鸟入门【ASP.NET Core】14:MVC开发：UI、 EF + Identity实现、注册实现、登陆实现

前言

之前我们进行了MVC的web页面的Cookie-based认证实现，接下来的开发我们要基于之前的MvcCookieAuthSample项目做修改。

MvcCookieAuthSample项目地址：http://www.cnblogs.com/wyt007/p/8128186.html

UI

我们首先在AccountController中添加两个Action

public IActionResult Register()
　　　　 {
　　
　　　　　　　　return View();

}

public IActionResult Login()
{
return View();
}

然后在Views文件夹下新增Account文件夹并新增Register.cshtml与Login.cshtml视图，样式我们尽量从上一节的Identity视图中拷贝过来。

我们还需要新建一个ViewModels，在ViewModels中新建RegisterViewModel.cs来接收表单提交的值以及来进行强类型视图

namespace MvcCookieAuthSample.ViewModels
{
public class RegisterViewModel
{
//邮箱
public string Email { get; set; }
//密码
public string Password { get; set; }
//确认密码
public string ConfirmedPassword { get; set; }
}
}

Register.cshtml代码（只保留部分拷贝过来的内容，并加入强类型视图引用）：

@{
ViewData["Title"] = "Register";
}

@using MvcCookieAuthSample.ViewModels;
@model RegisterViewModel;

<h2>@ViewData["Title"]</h2>
<h3>@ViewData["Message"]</h3>

<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4">
<form method="post">
<h4>Create a new account.</h4>
<hr />
<div class="form-group">
<label asp-for="Email"></label>
<input asp-for="Email" class="form-control" />
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label asp-for="Password"></label>
<input asp-for="Password" class="form-control" />
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label asp-for="ConfirmedPassword"></label>
<input asp-for="ConfirmedPassword" class="form-control" />
</div>
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Register</button>
</form>
</div>
</div>

Login.cshtml代码（只保留部分拷贝过来的内容，并加入强类型视图引用）：

@{
ViewData["Title"] = "Login";
}

@using MvcCookieAuthSample.ViewModels;
@model RegisterViewModel;

<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4">
<section>
<form method="post">
<h4>Use a local account to log in.</h4>
<hr />

<div class="form-group">
<label asp-for="Email"></label>
<input asp-for="Email" class="form-control" />
</div>

<div class="form-group">
<label asp-for="Password"></label>
<input asp-for="Password" type="password" class="form-control" />
</div>

<div class="form-group">
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Log in</button>
</div>

</form>
</section>
</div>
</div>

然后在_Layout.cshtml中添加导航代码：

<ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
<li><a asp-area="" asp-controller="Account" asp-action="Register">Register</a></li>
<li><a asp-area="" asp-controller="Account" asp-action="Login">Log in</a></li>
</ul>

然后运行网站，UI已经实现

EF + Identity实现

EF实现

首先我们添加一个Data文件夹，由于VSCode的代码提示不是很好，接下来我们用VS2017开发。

我们首先在Models文件夹下面新建ApplicationUser.cs与ApplicationUserRole.cs

ApplicationUser.cs代码：

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity;

namespace MvcCookieAuthSample.Models
{
public class ApplicationUser:IdentityUser<int>//不加int的话是默认主键为guid
{
}
}

ApplicationUserRole.cs代码：

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity;

namespace MvcCookieAuthSample.Models
{
public class ApplicationUserRole: IdentityRole<int>//不加int的话是默认主键为guid
{
}
}

然后在Data文件夹下新建一个ApplicationDbContext.cs类，使它继承IdentityDbContext

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.EntityFrameworkCore;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
using MvcCookieAuthSample.Models;

namespace MvcCookieAuthSample.Data
{
public class ApplicationDbContext:IdentityDbContext<ApplicationUser, ApplicationUserRole,int>
{
public ApplicationDbContext(DbContextOptions<ApplicationDbContext> options):base(options)
{

}
}
}

然后我们需要在Startup.cs添加EF的注册进来

//使用配置ApplicationDbContext使用sqlserver数据库，并配置数据库连接字符串
services.AddDbContext<ApplicationDbContext>(options=> {
options.UseSqlServer(Configuration.GetConnectionString("DefaultConnection"));
});

然后我们需要在appsettings.json中配置数据库连接字符串

"ConnectionStrings": {
"DefaultConnection": "Server=192.168.1.184;Database=aspnet-IdentitySample-9A22BB3E-8D53-4F44-B533-2EF927C959DE;Trusted_Connection=True;MultipleActiveResultSets=true;uid=sa;pwd=123456"
}

EF实现结束

Identity实现

我们需要在Startup.cs添加Identity的注册进来

//配置Identity
services.AddIdentity<ApplicationUser, ApplicationUserRole>()
.AddEntityFrameworkStores<ApplicationDbContext>()
.AddDefaultTokenProviders();

由于默认的Identity在密码上限制比较严格，我们把它改的宽松简单一点（不设置也行）

//修改Identity配置
services.Configure<IdentityOptions>(options =>
{
options.Password.RequireLowercase = false;//需要小写
options.Password.RequireNonAlphanumeric = false;//需要字母
options.Password.RequireUppercase = false;//需要大写
});

然后我们把认证的地址改成/Account/Login



然后我们修改AccountController，加入以下代码

private UserManager<ApplicationUser> _userManager;//创建用户的
private SignInManager<ApplicationUser> _signInManager;//用来登录的

//依赖注入
public AccountController(UserManager<ApplicationUser> userManager, SignInManager<ApplicationUser> signInManager)
{
_userManager = userManager;
_signInManager = signInManager;
}

[HttpPost]
public async Task<IActionResult> Register(RegisterViewModel registerViewModel)
{
var identityUser = new ApplicationUser
{
Email = registerViewModel.Email,
UserName = registerViewModel.Email,
NormalizedUserName = registerViewModel.Email
};
var identityResult=await _userManager.CreateAsync(identityUser, registerViewModel.Password);
if (identityResult.Succeeded)
{
return RedirectToAction("Index", "Home");
}

return View();
}

完整的AccountController

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using MvcCookieAuthSample.Models;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.Cookies;
using System.Security.Claims;
using MvcCookieAuthSample.ViewModels;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity;

namespace MvcCookieAuthSample.Controllers
{

public class AccountController : Controller
{
private UserManager<ApplicationUser> _userManager;//创建用户的
private SignInManager<ApplicationUser> _signInManager;//用来登录的

//依赖注入
public AccountController(UserManager<ApplicationUser> userManager, SignInManager<ApplicationUser> signInManager)
{
_userManager = userManager;
_signInManager = signInManager;
}

public IActionResult Register()
{
return View();
}

[HttpPost]
public async Task<IActionResult> Register(RegisterViewModel registerViewModel)
{
var identityUser = new ApplicationUser
{
Email = registerViewModel.Email,
UserName = registerViewModel.Email,
NormalizedUserName = registerViewModel.Email
};
var identityResult=await _userManager.CreateAsync(identityUser, registerViewModel.Password);
if (identityResult.Succeeded)
{
return RedirectToAction("Index", "Home");
}

return View();
}

public IActionResult Login()
{
return View();
}

//登陆
public IActionResult MakeLogin()
{
var claims=new List<Claim>(){
new Claim(ClaimTypes.Name,"wyt"),
new Claim(ClaimTypes.Role,"admin")
};

var claimIdentity= new ClaimsIdentity(claims,CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme);

HttpContext.SignInAsync(CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme,new ClaimsPrincipal(claimIdentity));

return Ok();
}

//登出
public IActionResult Logout()
{
HttpContext.SignOutAsync(CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme);

return Ok();
}
}
}

接下来我们重新生成一下，我们需要执行shell命令生成一下数据库，只有添加 Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Tools 才会生成成功，否则会报以下错误



执行命令总是提示 未找到与命令“dotnet-ef”匹配的可执行文件，根据网上的解决办法引用 Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Tools 问题依旧不能得到解决。

解决办法：

右击项目弹出菜单点击编辑***.csprog,增加如下配置。

<ItemGroup>
<DotNetCliToolReference Include="Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Tools.DotNet" Version="2.0.0" />
</ItemGroup>

执行增加配置命令后



这时候Data文件夹下已经有新增的数据库更新配置文件了



然后我们执行更新命令，执行成功后我们就可以看到数据库表已经生成了



接下来我们运行一下网站进行注册，注册成功，已经存储进数据库

注册实现

前面虽然可以注册了，但是我们注册完成后并没有生成Cookies信息。所以我们要在Register方法中进行登陆生成Cookies



完整的注册方法如下：

[HttpPost]
public async Task<IActionResult> Register(RegisterViewModel registerViewModel)
{
var identityUser = new ApplicationUser
{
Email = registerViewModel.Email,
UserName = registerViewModel.Email,
NormalizedUserName = registerViewModel.Email
};
var identityResult=await _userManager.CreateAsync(identityUser, registerViewModel.Password);
if (identityResult.Succeeded)
{
//注册完成登录生成cookies信息
await _signInManager.SignInAsync(identityUser, new AuthenticationProperties { IsPersistent = true });

return RedirectToAction("Index", "Home");
}

return View();
}

一般来说，如果用户已经注册或者登陆了，注册和登陆按钮是要隐藏的，所以我们接下来要修改_Layout.cshtml视图页面判断注册/登陆按钮是否应该隐藏



完整的_Layout.cshtml代码:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
<title>@ViewData["Title"] - MvcCookieAuthSample</title>

<environment include="Development">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="~/lib/bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.css" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="~/css/site.css" />
</environment>
<environment exclude="Development">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://ajax.aspnetcdn.com/ajax/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css"
asp-fallback-href="~/lib/bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css"
asp-fallback-test-class="sr-only" asp-fallback-test-property="position" asp-fallback-test-value="absolute" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="~/css/site.min.css" asp-append-version="true" />
</environment>
</head>
<body>
<nav class="navbar navbar-inverse navbar-fixed-top">
<div class="container">
<div class="navbar-header">
<button type="button" class="navbar-toggle" data-toggle="collapse" data-target=".navbar-collapse">
<span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
</button>
<a asp-area="" asp-controller="Home" asp-action="Index" class="navbar-brand">MvcCookieAuthSample</a>
</div>
<div class="navbar-collapse collapse">
<ul class="nav navbar-nav">
<li><a asp-area="" asp-controller="Home" asp-action="Index">Home</a></li>
<li><a asp-area="" asp-controller="Home" asp-action="About">About</a></li>
<li><a asp-area="" asp-controller="Home" asp-action="Contact">Contact</a></li>
</ul>

@if (User.Identity.IsAuthenticated)
{
<form asp-action="Logout" asp-controller="Account" method="post">
<ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
<li>
<a title="Welcome" asp-controller="Admin" asp-action="Index">@User.Identity.Name</a>
</li>
<li>
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-link navbar-btn navbar-link">Log out</button>
</li>
</ul>
</form>

}
else
{
<ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right"> <li><a asp-area="" asp-controller="Account" asp-action="Register">Register</a></li> <li><a asp-area="" asp-controller="Account" asp-action="Login">Log in</a></li> </ul>
}

</div>
</div>
</nav>
<div class="container body-content">
@RenderBody()
<hr />
<footer>
<p>© 2018 - MvcCookieAuthSample</p>
</footer>
</div>

<environment include="Development">
<script src="~/lib/jquery/dist/jquery.js"></script>
<script src="~/lib/bootstrap/dist/js/bootstrap.js"></script>
<script src="~/js/site.js" asp-append-version="true"></script>
</environment>
<environment exclude="Development">
<script src="https://ajax.aspnetcdn.com/ajax/jquery/jquery-2.2.0.min.js"
asp-fallback-src="~/lib/jquery/dist/jquery.min.js"
asp-fallback-test="window.jQuery"
crossorigin="anonymous"
integrity="sha384-K+ctZQ+LL8q6tP7I94W+qzQsfRV2a+AfHIi9k8z8l9ggpc8X+Ytst4yBo/hH+8Fk">
</script>
<script src="https://ajax.aspnetcdn.com/ajax/bootstrap/3.3.7/bootstrap.min.js"
asp-fallback-src="~/lib/bootstrap/dist/js/bootstrap.min.js"
asp-fallback-test="window.jQuery && window.jQuery.fn && window.jQuery.fn.modal"
crossorigin="anonymous"
integrity="sha384-Tc5IQib027qvyjSMfHjOMaLkfuWVxZxUPnCJA7l2mCWNIpG9mGCD8wGNIcPD7Txa">
</script>
<script src="~/js/site.min.js" asp-append-version="true"></script>
</environment>

@RenderSection("Scripts", required: false)
</body>
</html>

这时候登陆的之后的导航栏信息就有了

登陆实现

我们接下来实现一下登陆逻辑，我们首先新建一个HttpPost的Login的Action

[HttpPost]
public async Task<IActionResult> Login(RegisterViewModel loginViewModel)
{
var user= await _userManager.FindByEmailAsync(loginViewModel.Email);
if (user==null)
{
//异常先不写，后期统一收集
}
//账号密码先不做验证，需要可以自己写
await _signInManager.SignInAsync(user, new AuthenticationProperties { IsPersistent = true });

return RedirectToAction("Index", "Home");
}

然后我们把原来的Logout也顺便修改一下，不能是return OK();而要跳转到首页

//登出
public async Task<IActionResult> Logout()
{
//HttpContext.SignOutAsync(CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme);
//return Ok();

await _signInManager.SignOutAsync();
return RedirectToAction("Index", "Home");
}

接下来我们修改一下Login.cshtml页面

@{
ViewData["Title"] = "Login";
}

@using MvcCookieAuthSample.ViewModels;
@model RegisterViewModel;

<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4">
<section>
<form method="post" asp-controller="Account" asp-action="Login">
<h4>Use a local account to log in.</h4>
<hr />

<div class="form-group">
<label asp-for="Email"></label>
<input asp-for="Email" class="form-control" />
</div>

<div class="form-group">
<label asp-for="Password"></label>
<input asp-for="Password" type="password" class="form-control" />
</div>

<div class="form-group">
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Log in</button>
</div>

</form>
</section>
</div>
</div>

接下来我们可以运行一下登陆注册，即可成功登陆后跳转到首页，注册后跳转倒是首页