python实现图片操作

前段时间在知乎看到大神用Ruby做的下面这样一张图，觉得非常有意思，所以打算用python实现一下



python有图像处理标准库PIL（Python Imaging Library），功能强大，简单易用，可惜只支持2.x，Pillow是在PIL基础上创建的兼容版本，支持python 3.x，同时增加了一些新特性。

安装Pillow

直接在命令行使用pip安装，十分方便

pip install Pillow

操作图像

首先要根据需要引入对应的包（Image，ImageColor，ImageFont，ImageFilter等）

from PIL import Image

打开图片

image = Image.open(url)

获取图片大小（返回一个元祖，分别为宽和高）

width, height = image.size

保存图片

image.save(url)

显示图片

image.show()

新建图像

newImage = Image.new(mode, (width, height), color)

裁剪图像

cropedImage = image.crop((0, 0, 100, 100))

复制图像（产生原图像副本，对其操作不影响原图像）

copyImage = image.copy()

粘贴（对调用的图像对象直接修改）

copyImage.paste(image, (x, y))

调整大小

resizedIm = image.resize((width, height))

旋转（逆时针，返回旋转后图像，原图像不变）

rotateIm = image.rotate(90)

翻转

image.transpose(Image.FLIP_TOP_LEFT_RIGTH) #水平翻转
image.transpose(Image.FLIP_TOP_TOP_BOTTOM) #垂直翻转

获取像素值

image.getpixel((x,y))

写像素值

image.putpixel((x,y),(r,g,b))

获取alpha

image.getalpha((x,y))

写alpha

image.putalpha((x,y), alpha)

图像复合

1、将img2符合到img1上，返回Image图像（要求size相同，切mode都必须为RGBA）

img3 = Image.alpha_composite(img1, img2)

2、out = img1*(1-alpha)+img2*alpha

img3 = Image.blend(img1, img2, alpha)

3、

img3 = Image.composite(img1, img2, mask)

图像过滤

需要引入ImageFilter包

from PIL import Image, ImageFilter

高斯模糊

im.filter(ImageFilter.GaussianBlur)

普通模糊

im.filter(ImageFilter.BLUR)

边缘增强

im.filter(ImageFilter.EDGE_ENHANCE)

找到边缘

im.filter(ImageFilter.FIND_EDGES)

浮雕

im.filter(ImageFilter.EMBOSS)

轮廓

im.filter(ImageFilter.CONTOUR)

锐化

im.filter(ImageFilter.SHARPEN)

平滑

im.filter(ImageFilter.SMOOTH)

细节

im.filter(ImageFilter.DETAIL)

Demo

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
将n*n张图片拼接在一起，并覆盖上一张降低透明度的图片
Copyright: 2018/01/27 by 邵明山
"""

import os
from PIL import Image

def makedir(path):
if not os.path.exists(path):
os.mkdir(path)
print("The directory \"" + path + "\" creates success.")
else:
print("The directory \"" + path + "\" has already existed.")

base_path = "base"
mask_path = "mask"
makedir(base_path)
makedir(mask_path)

n = int(input("Please enter n, n^2 is the number of the pictures."))
print("Please put n^2 pictures to the forder \"base\".")
print("Please put one picture to the forder \"mask\".")
os.system("pause")
width = int(input("Please enter the width of the final picture."))
height = int(input("Please enter the height of the final picture."))
transparency = int(input("Please enter the transparency% of the mask."))

base_pictures = []
for root, dirs, files in os.walk(os.getcwd()+"\\"+base_path):
for file in files:
base_pictures.append(os.path.join(root, file))

num = 0
base = Image.new("RGBA", (width, height))
for i in range(0, n):

for j in range(0, n):
picture = Image.open(base_pictures[num])
temp = picture.resize((int(width/n), int(height/n)))
location = (int(i * width / n), int(j * height / n))
base.paste(temp, location)
num += 1

if num >= len(base_pictures):
break

if num >= n*n:
break

for root, files in os.walk(os.getcwd()+"\\"+mask_path):
for file in files:
mask_picture = Image.open(mask_path + "\\" + file)

mask = mask_picture.resize((width, height))
mask.putalpha(int(transparency/100 * 255))

result = Image.alpha_composite(base, mask)
result.save("result.png")

运行结果

源代码

https://github.com/Caesar233/PhotoMixer