Python的GUI编程（四）CheckButton（多选）、RadioButton（单选）

Check Buttons

checkbutton小部件用于显示切换按钮的用户多项选择。然后，用户可以通过点击相应的按钮每个选项中选择一个或多个选项.每个选项可以表示两种状态：On和Off，可以设置回调函数，每当点击此按钮时回调函数被调用。

语法:

这里是一个简单的语法来创建这个widget:

w = Checkbutton ( master, option, ... )

参数:

master: 这表示父窗口.

options: 下面是这个小工具最常用的选项列表。这些选项可以作为键 - 值对以逗号分隔.

Option	Description
activebackground	Background color when the checkbutton is under the cursor.
activeforeground	Foreground color when the checkbutton is under the cursor.
bg	The normal background color displayed behind the label and indicator.
bitmap	To display a monochrome image on a button.
bd	The size of the border around the indicator. Default is 2 pixels.
command	A procedure to be called every time the user changes the state of this checkbutton.
cursor	If you set this option to a cursor name (arrow, dot etc.), the mouse cursor will change to that pattern when it is over the checkbutton.
disabledforeground	The foreground color used to render the text of a disabled checkbutton. The default is a stippled version of the default foreground color.
font	The font used for the text.
fg	The color used to render the text.
height	The number of lines of text on the checkbutton. Default is 1.
highlightcolor	The color of the focus highlight when the checkbutton has the focus.
image	To display a graphic image on the button.
justify	If the text contains multiple lines, this option controls how the text is justified: CENTER, LEFT, or RIGHT.
offvalue	Normally, a checkbutton's associated control variable will be set to 0 when it is cleared (off). You can supply an alternate value for the off state by setting offvalue to that value.
onvalue	Normally, a checkbutton's associated control variable will be set to 1 when it is set (on). You can supply an alternate value for the on state by setting onvalue to that value.
padx	How much space to leave to the left and right of the checkbutton and text. Default is 1 pixel.
pady	How much space to leave above and below the checkbutton and text. Default is 1 pixel.
relief	With the default value, relief=FLAT, the checkbutton does not stand out from its background. You may set this option to any of the other styles
selectcolor	The color of the checkbutton when it is set. Default is selectcolor="red".
selectimage	If you set this option to an image, that image will appear in the checkbutton when it is set.
state	The default is state=NORMAL, but you can use state=DISABLED to gray out the control and make it unresponsive. If the cursor is currently over the checkbutton, the state is ACTIVE.
text	The label displayed next to the checkbutton. Use newlines ("\n") to display multiple lines of text.
underline	With the default value of -1, none of the characters of the text label are underlined. Set this option to the index of a character in the text (counting from zero) to underline that character.
variable	The control variable that tracks the current state of the checkbutton. Normally this variable is an IntVar, and 0 means cleared and 1 means set, but see the offvalue and onvalue options above.
width	checkbutton的默认宽度取决于所显示的图像或文字的大小。您可以设置此选项的字符数和checkbutton的，总是有许多字符的空间.
wraplength	Normally, lines are not wrapped. You can set this option to a number of characters and all lines will be broken into pieces no longer than that number.

方法:

以下是这个小工具的常用方法:

Medthod	Description
deselect()	Clears (turns off) the checkbutton.
flash()	Flashes the checkbutton a few times between its active and normal colors, but leaves it the way it started.
invoke()	You can call this method to get the same actions that would occur if the user clicked on the checkbutton to change its state.
select()	Sets (turns on) the checkbutton.
toggle()	Clears the checkbutton if set, sets it if cleared.

此部分来源：http://www.cnblogs.com/tkinter/p/5628887.html

通过回调函数改变Checkbutton的显示文本text的值

from Tkinter import *
def callCheckbutton():
#改变v的值，即改变Checkbutton的显示值
v.set('check CheckButton')

root = Tk()
v = StringVar()
v.set('check python')

#绑定v到Checkbutton的属性textvariable
Checkbutton(root,textvariable = v,command = callCheckbutton).pack()

root.mainloop()
textvariable使用方法与Button的用法完全相同，使用此例是为了区别Checkbutton的另外的一个属性variable,此属性与textvariable不同，它是与这个控件本身绑定，Checkbutton自己有值：On和Off值，缺省状态On为1，Off为0

from Tkinter import *
root=Tk()
v=IntVar()
def callCB():
root1=Tk()
if v.get()==1:
Label(root1,text='你的选择是python'+'!',fg='red',width=20,height=6).pack()
Button(root1,text='确定',width=3,height=1,command=root1.destroy).pack(side='bottom')

checkbutton=Checkbutton(root,text='python',anchor='w',command=callCB,variable=v)
checkbutton.grid(row=0,column=0)

root.mainloop()

   Checkbutton的值不仅仅是1或0，可以是其他类型的数值，可以通过onvalue和offvalue属性设置Checkbutton的状态值，如下代码将On设置为'python',Off值设置为'Tkinter'，程序的打印值将不再是0或1，而是'Tkinter’或‘python’

from Tkinter import *

root=Tk()
v=StringVar()
lis=['python','C++','C','Java']
def callCB():
for m in lis:
if v.get()==m:
root1 = Tk()
Label(root1,text='你的选择是'+v.get()+'!',fg='red',width=20,height=6).pack()
Button(root1,text='确定',width=3,height=1,command=root1.destroy).pack(side='bottom')

Label(root,text='选择你喜欢的编程语言').pack(anchor=W)

checkbutton=Checkbutton(root,text=lis[0],onvalue=lis[0],command=callCB,variable=v)
checkbutton.pack(anchor=W)

checkbutton1=Checkbutton(root,text=lis[1],onvalue=lis[1],command=callCB,variable=v)
checkbutton1.pack(anchor=W)

checkbutton2=Checkbutton(root,text=lis[2],onvalue=lis[2],command=callCB,variable=v)
checkbutton2.pack(anchor=W)

checkbutton3=Checkbutton(root,text=lis[3],onvalue=lis[3],command=callCB,variable=v)
checkbutton3.pack(anchor=W)

root.mainloop()
选择后显示：



问题：运行程序后默认都选。

Radio Buttons

单选按钮是一种可在多个预先定义的选项中选择出一项的 Tkinter 控件. 单选按钮可显示文字或图片. 显示文字时只能使用预设字体. 该控件可以绑定一个 Python 函数或方法, 当单选按钮被选择时, 该函数或方法将被调用. 
单选按钮 (Radio Button) 这个名字来源于收音机 (Radio) 上的调频按钮, 这些按钮用来选择特定波段或预设电台. 如果一个按钮被按下, 其他同类的按钮就会弹起, 即同时只有一个按钮可被按下. 
一组单选按钮控件和同一个变量关联. 点击其中一个单选按钮将把这个变量设为某个预定义的值.
修改上面的例子：
from Tkinter import *

root=Tk()
v=IntVar()
lis=['python','C++','C','Java']
def callCB():
for i in range(4):
if v.get()==i:
root1 = Tk()
Label(root1,text='你的选择是'+lis[i]+'!',fg='red',width=20,height=6).pack()
Button(root1,text='确定',width=3,height=1,command=root1.destroy).pack(side='bottom')

Label(root,text='选择一门你喜欢的编程语言').pack(anchor=W)

radiobutton=Radiobutton(root,text=lis[0],value=0,command=callCB,variable=v)
radiobutton.pack(anchor=W)

radiobutton1=Radiobutton(root,text=lis[1],value=1,command=callCB,variable=v)
radiobutton1.pack(anchor=W)

radiobutton2=Radiobutton(root,text=lis[2],value=2,command=callCB,variable=v)
radiobutton2.pack(anchor=W)

radiobutton3=Radiobutton(root,text=lis[3],value=3,command=callCB,variable=v)
radiobutton3.pack(anchor=W)

root.mainloop()




上面代码冗长，简化如下：

from Tkinter import *

root=Tk()
v=IntVar()
#列表中存储的是元素是元组
language=[('python',0),('C++',1),('C',2),('Java',3)]
def callRB():
for i in range(4):
if v.get()==i:
root1 = Tk()
Label(root1,text='你的选择是'+language[i][0]+'!',fg='red',width=20,height=6).pack()
Button(root1,text='确定',width=3,height=1,command=root1.destroy).pack(side='bottom')

Label(root,text='选择一门你喜欢的编程语言').pack(anchor=W)

#
for lan,num in language:
Radiobutton(root, text=lan, value=num, command=callRB, variable=v).pack(anchor=W)

root.mainloop()
RadioButton默认的是空心圆形作为选项条目
可以用一个文本框来展示选项. 将 indicatoron 选项设置为 0 即可达到该目的: 这表示单选按钮不会有额外的单选指示器. 

from Tkinter import *

root=Tk()
v=IntVar()
#列表中存储的是元素是元组
language=[('python',0),('C++',1),('C',2),('Java',3)]
def callRB():
for i in range(4):
if v.get()==i:
root1 = Tk()
Label(root1,text='你的选择是'+language[i][0]+'!',fg='red',width=20,height=6).pack()
Button(root1,text='确定',width=3,height=1,command=root1.destroy).pack(side='bottom')

Label(root,text='选择一门你喜欢的编程语言').pack(anchor=W)

#
for lan,num in language:
Radiobutton(root, text=lan, value=num, command=callRB, variable=v,indicatoron=0,width=10,anchor='c').pack()

root.mainloop()



创建不同组：

from Tkinter import *

root=Tk()
v1=v=IntVar()
#列表中存储的是元素是元组
language=[('python',0),('C++',1),('C',2),('Java',3)]
Animal=[('狗',0),('猫',1),('鸟',2)]
def callRB():
for i in range(4):
if v.get()==i:
root1 = Tk()
Label(root1,text='你的选择是'+language[i][0]+'!',fg='red',width=20,height=6).pack()
Button(root1,text='确定',width=3,height=1,command=root1.destroy).pack(side='bottom')

def callRB1():
for i in range(4):
if v1.get()==i:
root1 = Tk()
Label(root1,text='你的选择是'+Animal[i][0]+'!',fg='red',width=20,height=6).pack()
Button(root1,text='确定',width=3,height=1,command=root1.destroy).pack(side='bottom')

Label(root,text='选择一门你喜欢的编程语言').pack(anchor=W)

for lan,num in language:
Radiobutton(root, text=lan, value=num, command=callRB, variable=v,indicatoron=0,width=10,anchor='c').pack()

Label(root,text='选择喜欢的动物',anchor='c').pack()
for An,num in Animal:
Radiobutton(root, text=An, value=num, command=callRB1, variable=v1, indicatoron=0, width=10, anchor='c').pack()
root.mainloop()