ThreadLocal源码分析

一 TheadLocal是什么？

ThreadLocal，很多地方叫做线程本地变量，也有些地方叫做线程本地存储，其实意思差不多。ThreadLocal为变量在每个线程中都创建了一个副本，那么每个线程可以访问自己内部的副本变量。

二 TheadLocal实现原理

以前的理解是：ThreadLocal类里面有一个ThreadLocalMap类，这个map以线程为key，存储所需的变量。大错

正确的理解：Thread实例里面有一个ThreadLocalMap变量，这个map以TheadLocal为key，存储所需的变量。

详细的表达：ThreadLocalMap是ThreadLocal类的一个静态内部类，它实现了键值对的设置和获取（对比Map对象来理解），每个线程中都有一个独立的ThreadLocalMap副本，它所存储的值，只能被当前线程读取和修改。ThreadLocal类通过操作每一个线程特有的ThreadLocalMap副本，从而实现了变量访问在不同线程中的隔离。因为每个线程的变量都是自己特有的，完全不会有并发错误。还有一点就是，ThreadLocalMap存储的键值对中的键是this对象指向的ThreadLocal对象，而值就是你所设置的对象了。

三 源码分析

先看看set（）方法：

/**
* Sets the current thread's copy of this thread-local variable
* to the specified value.  Most subclasses will have no need to
* override this method, relying solely on the {@link #initialValue}
* method to set the values of thread-locals.
*
* @param value the value to be stored in the current thread's copy of
*        this thread-local.
*/
public void set(T value) {
Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);
if (map != null)
map.set(this, value);
else
createMap(t, value);
}

在看看最主要的 getMap（）以及createMap（）

/**
* Get the map associated with a ThreadLocal. Overridden in
* InheritableThreadLocal.
*
* @param  t the current thread
* @return the map
*/
ThreadLocalMap getMap(Thread t) {
return t.threadLocals;
}

/**
* Create the map associated with a ThreadLocal. Overridden in
* InheritableThreadLocal.
*
* @param t the current thread
* @param firstValue value for the initial entry of the map
*/
void createMap(Thread t, T firstValue) {
t.threadLocals = new ThreadLocalMap(this, firstValue);
}

在看看get（）方法

/**
* Returns the value in the current thread's copy of this
* thread-local variable.  If the variable has no value for the
* current thread, it is first initialized to the value returned
* by an invocation of the {@link #initialValue} method.
*
* @return the current thread's value of this thread-local
*/
public T get() {
Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);
if (map != null) {
ThreadLocalMap.Entry e = map.getEntry(this);
if (e != null) {
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
T result = (T)e.value;
return result;
}
}
return setInitialValue();
}

/**
* Variant of set() to establish initialValue. Used instead
* of set() in case user has overridden the set() method.
*
* @return the initial value
*/
private T setInitialValue() {
T value = initialValue(); // 方法内直接return null
Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);
if (map != null)
map.set(this, value);
else
createMap(t, value);
return value;
}

然后就是最重要的ThreadLocalMap（看注释就理解了）

/**
* ThreadLocalMap is a customized hash map suitable only for
* maintaining thread local values. No operations are exported
* outside of the ThreadLocal class. The class is package private to
* allow declaration of fields in class Thread.  To help deal with
* very large and long-lived usages, the hash table entries use
* WeakReferences for keys. However, since reference queues are not
* used, stale entries are guaranteed to be removed only when
* the table starts running out of space.
*/
static class ThreadLocalMap {

/**
* The entries in this hash map extend WeakReference, using
* its main ref field as the key (which is always a
* ThreadLocal object).  Note that null keys (i.e. entry.get()
* == null) mean that the key is no longer referenced, so the
* entry can be expunged from table.  Such entries are referred to
* as "stale entries" in the code that follows.
*/
static class Entry extends WeakReference<ThreadLocal<?>> {
/** The value associated with this ThreadLocal. */
Object value;

Entry(ThreadLocal<?> k, Object v) {
super(k);
value = v;
}
}***********

四 总结

线程私有方式提供了解决并发问题的思路