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ts和js中let和var定义变量的区别

2017-12-18 17:48 861 查看


javascript 严格模式

第一次接触let关键字,有一个要非常非常要注意的概念就是”JavaScript 严格模式”,比如下述的代码运行就会报错:

let hello = 'hello world.';
console.log(hello);


错误信息如下:

let hello = 'hello world.';
^^^

SyntaxError: Block-scoped declarations (let, const, function, class) not yet supported outside strict mode
...


解决方法就是,在文件头添加”javascript 严格模式”声明:

'use strict';

let hello = 'hello world.'; console.log(hello);


更多更详细的关于”javascript 严格模式”说明,请参考阮一峰的博客 
《Javascript 严格模式详解》


let和var关键字的异同


声明后未赋值,表现相同

'use strict';

(function() {
var varTest;
let letTest;
console.log(varTest); //输出undefined
console.log(letTest); //输出undefined
}());



使用未声明的变量,表现不同:

(function() {
console.log(varTest); //输出undefined(注意要注释掉下面一行才能运行)
console.log(letTest); //直接报错:ReferenceError: letTest is not defined

var varTest = 'test var OK.';
let letTest = 'test let OK.';
}());



重复声明同一个变量时,表现不同:

'use strict';

(function() {
var varTest = 'test var OK.';
let letTest = 'test let OK.';

var varTest = 'varTest changed.';
let letTest = 'letTest changed.'; //直接报错:SyntaxError: Identifier 'letTest' has already been declared

console.log(varTest); //输出varTest changed.(注意要注释掉上面letTest变量的重复声明才能运行)
console.log(letTest);
}());









变量作用范围,表现不同

'use strict';

(function() {
var varTest = 'test var OK.';
let letTest = 'test let OK.';

{
var varTest = 'varTest changed.';
let letTest = 'letTest changed.';
}

console.log(varTest); //输出"varTest changed.",内部"{}"中声明的varTest变量覆盖外部的letTest声明
console.log(letTest); //输出"test let OK.",内部"{}"中声明的letTest和外部的letTest不是同一个变量
}());


 

 


Egret下:

使用未定义的let:

class Test {
public name:string = "Test";
public run(){
console.log(a); //该行报错 Block-scoped variable 'a' used before its declaration.
console.log(b);
let a;
var b;
}
}


 

重复定义let:

class Test {
public name:string = "Test";
public run(){
let a;  //该行报错  Cannot redeclare block-scoped variable 'a'.
var b;

let a;
var b;  //该行报错  Cannot redeclare block-scoped variable 'a'.

}
}


 

变量范围:

class Test {
public name:string = "Test";
public run(){
let a = 1;
var b = 2;
{
let a = 2;
var b = 2;
}
console.log(a);  //1
console.log(b);  //2
}
}


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