【MD】yum install --downloadonly 下载依赖包、salt离线安装探索
2017-12-04 17:12
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原贴发表于17年初，本次使用md重新编辑并完善.
copyright：wangn
2017-1-16
CentOS-7-x86_64-Minimal-1511.iso
CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core)
离线生产环境部署linux 程序时，经常需要用到rpm安装，本文借用yum命令，在本地一次性下载rpm依赖包：
测试对象为salt-master软件
在使用yum下载之前，需要先安装linux附加软件
利用yum downloadonly参数下载rpm组合依赖包：
有几点需要注意下：
1.yum download的是当前系统状态的
2.在resolved过程看到，系统提示了所匹配的组件包的名称、架构、版本、来源、大小。
3.从download的过程来看，系统给出了需要安装的每个软件，安装25项依赖软件，升级7项依赖软件。对应的离线安装包就需要区别对待。此处要格外注意。
我们将update列为单独的目录，其他依赖及主文件放置在update目录外，目录树如下：
在目录同层，编写install_salt.sh并
安装后服务状态正常。
另外
copyright：wangn
2017-1-16
CentOS-7-x86_64-Minimal-1511.iso
CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core)
离线生产环境部署linux 程序时，经常需要用到rpm安装，本文借用yum命令，在本地一次性下载rpm依赖包：
测试对象为salt-master软件
在使用yum下载之前，需要先安装linux附加软件
epel源。推荐使用rpm或yum安装。
1、yum install -y epel-release 2、wget http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/epel/7/aarch64/e/epel-release-7-9.noarch.rpm rpm -ivh epel-release-7-9.noarch.rpm
利用yum downloadonly参数下载rpm组合依赖包：
# yum install --downloadonly --downloaddir=/home/salt-master salt-master Loaded plugins: fastestmirror epel/x86_64/metalink | 5.9 kB 00:00:00 epel | 4.3 kB 00:00:00 (1/3): epel/x86_64/group_gz | 170 kB 00:00:00 (2/3): epel/x86_64/updateinfo | 718 kB 00:00:00 (3/3): epel/x86_64/primary_db | 4.5 MB 00:00:43 Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.aliyun.com * epel: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com * updates: centos.ustc.edu.cn Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package salt-master.noarch 0:2015.5.10-2.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: salt = 2015.5.10-2.el7 for package: salt-master-2015.5.10-2.el7.noarch --> Processing Dependency: systemd-python for package: salt-master-2015.5.10-2.el7.noarch --> Running transaction check ---> Package salt.noarch 0:2015.5.10-2.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: yum-utils for package: salt-2015.5.10-2.el7.noarch --> Processing Dependency: python-zmq for package: salt-2015.5.10-2.el7.noarch --> Processing Dependency: python-requests for package: salt-2015.5.10-2.el7.noarch --> Processing Dependency: python-msgpack for package: salt-2015.5.10-2.el7.noarch --> Processing Dependency: python-jinja2 for package: salt-2015.5.10-2.el7.noarch --> Processing Dependency: python-crypto for package: salt-2015.5.10-2.el7.noarch --> Processing Dependency: pciutils for package: salt-2015.5.10-2.el7.noarch --> Processing Dependency: m2crypto for package: salt-2015.5.10-2.el7.noarch --> Processing Dependency: PyYAML for package: salt-2015.5.10-2.el7.noarch ---> Package systemd-python.x86_64 0:219-30.el7_3.6 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: systemd-libs = 219-30.el7_3.6 for package: systemd-python-219-30.el7_3.6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: systemd = 219-30.el7_3.6 for package: systemd-python-219-30.el7_3.6.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package PyYAML.x86_64 0:3.10-11.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: libyaml-0.so.2()(64bit) for package: PyYAML-3.10-11.el7.x86_64 ---> Package m2crypto.x86_64 0:0.21.1-17.el7 will be installed ---> Package pciutils.x86_64 0:3.5.1-1.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: pciutils-libs = 3.5.1-1.el7 for package: pciutils-3.5.1-1.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libpci.so.3(LIBPCI_3.5)(64bit) for package: pciutils-3.5.1-1.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libpci.so.3(LIBPCI_3.3)(64bit) for package: pciutils-3.5.1-1.el7.x86_64 ---> Package python-jinja2.noarch 0:2.7.2-2.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: python-babel >= 0.8 for package: python-jinja2-2.7.2-2.el7.noarch --> Processing Dependency: python-markupsafe for package: python-jinja2-2.7.2-2.el7.noarch ---> Package python-requests.noarch 0:2.6.0-1.el7_1 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: python-urllib3 >= 1.10.2-1 for package: python-requests-2.6.0-1.el7_1.noarch --> Processing Dependency: python-chardet >= 2.2.1-1 for package: python-requests-2.6.0-1.el7_1.noarch ---> Package python-zmq.x86_64 0:14.3.1-1.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: libzmq.so.3()(64bit) for package: python-zmq-14.3.1-1.el7.x86_64 ---> Package python2-crypto.x86_64 0:2.6.1-10.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: libtomcrypt.so.0()(64bit) for package: python2-crypto-2.6.1-10.el7.x86_64 ---> Package python2-msgpack.x86_64 0:0.4.8-1.el7 will be installed ---> Package systemd.x86_64 0:219-19.el7_2.13 will be updated --> Processing Dependency: systemd = 219-19.el7_2.13 for package: systemd-sysv-219-19.el7_2.13.x86_64 ---> Package systemd.x86_64 0:219-30.el7_3.6 will be an update ---> Package systemd-libs.x86_64 0:219-19.el7_2.13 will be updated --> Processing Dependency: systemd-libs = 219-19.el7_2.13 for package: libgudev1-219-19.el7_2.13.x86_64 ---> Package systemd-libs.x86_64 0:219-30.el7_3.6 will be an update ---> Package yum-utils.noarch 0:1.1.31-40.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: yum >= 3.4.3-143 for package: yum-utils-1.1.31-40.el7.noarch --> Processing Dependency: python-kitchen for package: yum-utils-1.1.31-40.el7.noarch --> Processing Dependency: libxml2-python for package: yum-utils-1.1.31-40.el7.noarch --> Running transaction check ---> Package libgudev1.x86_64 0:219-19.el7_2.13 will be updated ---> Package libgudev1.x86_64 0:219-30.el7_3.6 will be an update ---> Package libtomcrypt.x86_64 0:1.17-23.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: libtommath >= 0.42.0 for package: libtomcrypt-1.17-23.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libtommath.so.0()(64bit) for package: libtomcrypt-1.17-23.el7.x86_64 ---> Package libxml2-python.x86_64 0:2.9.1-6.el7_2.3 will be installed ---> Package libyaml.x86_64 0:0.1.4-11.el7_0 will be installed ---> Package pciutils-libs.x86_64 0:3.2.1-4.el7 will be updated ---> Package pciutils-libs.x86_64 0:3.5.1-1.el7 will be an update ---> Package python-babel.noarch 0:0.9.6-8.el7 will be installed ---> Package python-chardet.noarch 0:2.2.1-1.el7_1 will be installed ---> Package python-kitchen.noarch 0:1.1.1-5.el7 will be installed ---> Package python-markupsafe.x86_64 0:0.11-10.el7 will be installed ---> Package python-urllib3.noarch 0:1.10.2-2.el7_1 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: python-six for package: python-urllib3-1.10.2-2.el7_1.noarch --> Processing Dependency: python-backports-ssl_match_hostname for package: python-urllib3-1.10.2-2.el7_1.noarch ---> Package systemd-sysv.x86_64 0:219-19.el7_2.13 will be updated ---> Package systemd-sysv.x86_64 0:219-30.el7_3.6 will be an update ---> Package yum.noarch 0:3.4.3-132.el7.centos.0.1 will be updated ---> Package yum.noarch 0:3.4.3-150.el7.centos will be an update --> Processing Dependency: python-urlgrabber >= 3.10-8 for package: yum-3.4.3-150.el7.centos.noarch ---> Package zeromq3.x86_64 0:3.2.5-1.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: libpgm-5.2.so.0()(64bit) for package: zeromq3-3.2.5-1.el7.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package libtommath.x86_64 0:0.42.0-4.el7 will be installed ---> Package openpgm.x86_64 0:5.2.122-2.el7 will be installed ---> Package python-backports-ssl_match_hostname.noarch 0:3.4.0.2-4.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: python-backports for package: python-backports-ssl_match_hostname-3.4.0.2-4.el7.noarch ---> Package python-six.noarch 0:1.9.0-2.el7 will be installed ---> Package python-urlgrabber.noarch 0:3.10-7.el7 will be updated ---> Package python-urlgrabber.noarch 0:3.10-8.el7 will be an update --> Running transaction check ---> Package python-backports.x86_64 0:1.0-8.el7 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved =============================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size =============================================================== Installing: salt-master noarch 2015.5.10-2.el7 epel 1.0 M Installing for dependencies: PyYAML x86_64 3.10-11.el7 base 153 k libtomcrypt x86_64 1.17-23.el7 epel 224 k libtommath x86_64 0.42.0-4.el7 epel 35 k libxml2-python x86_64 2.9.1-6.el7_2.3 base 247 k libyaml x86_64 0.1.4-11.el7_0 base 55 k m2crypto x86_64 0.21.1-17.el7 base 429 k openpgm x86_64 5.2.122-2.el7 epel 171 k pciutils x86_64 3.5.1-1.el7 base 93 k python-babel noarch 0.9.6-8.el7 base 1.4 M python-backports x86_64 1.0-8.el7 base 5.8 k python-backports-ssl_match_hostname noarch 3.4.0.2-4.el7 base 12 k python-chardet noarch 2.2.1-1.el7_1 base 227 k python-jinja2 noarch 2.7.2-2.el7 base 515 k python-kitchen noarch 1.1.1-5.el7 base 267 k python-markupsafe x86_64 0.11-10.el7 base 25 k python-requests noarch 2.6.0-1.el7_1 base 94 k python-six noarch 1.9.0-2.el7 base 29 k python-urllib3 noarch 1.10.2-2.el7_1 base 100 k python-zmq x86_64 14.3.1-1.el7 epel 468 k python2-crypto x86_64 2.6.1-10.el7 epel 475 k python2-msgpack x86_64 0.4.8-1.el7 epel 83 k salt noarch 2015.5.10-2.el7 epel 4.1 M systemd-python x86_64 219-30.el7_3.6 updates 109 k yum-utils noarch 1.1.31-40.el7 base 116 k zeromq3 x86_64 3.2.5-1.el7 epel 344 k Updating for dependencies: libgudev1 x86_64 219-30.el7_3.6 updates 76 k pciutils-libs x86_64 3.5.1-1.el7 base 46 k python-urlgrabber noarch 3.10-8.el7 base 108 k systemd x86_64 219-30.el7_3.6 updates 5.2 M systemd-libs x86_64 219-30.el7_3.6 updates 368 k systemd-sysv x86_64 219-30.el7_3.6 updates 63 k yum noarch 3.4.3-150.el7.centosbase 1.2 M Transaction Summary ====================================================== Install 1 Package (+25 Dependent packages) Upgrade ( 7 Dependent packages) Total download size: 18 M Background downloading packages, then exiting: Delta RPMs disabled because /usr/bin/applydeltarpm not installed. warning: /home/salt-master/libtommath-0.42.0-4.el7.x86_64.rpm.27716.tmp: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 352c64e5: NOKEY Public key for libtommath-0.42.0-4.el7.x86_64.rpm.27716.tmp is not installed (1/33): libtommath-0.42.0-4.el7.x86_64.rpm | 35 kB 00:00:00 (2/33): libgudev1-219-30.el7_3.6.x86_64.rpm | 76 kB 00:00:00 (3/33): PyYAML-3.10-11.el7.x86_64.rpm | 153 kB 00:00:00 (4/33): libxml2-python-2.9.1-6.el7_2.3.x86_64.rpm | 247 kB 00:00:00 (5/33): pciutils-3.5.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 93 kB 00:00:00 (6/33): pciutils-libs-3.5.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 46 kB 00:00:00 (7/33): libyaml-0.1.4-11.el7_0.x86_64.rpm | 55 kB 00:00:00 (8/33): openpgm-5.2.122-2.el7.x86_64.rpm | 171 kB 00:00:00 (9/33): python-backports-1.0-8.el7.x86_64.rpm | 5.8 kB 00:00:00 (10/33): libtomcrypt-1.17-23.el7.x86_64.rpm | 224 kB 00:00:00 (11/33): python-chardet-2.2.1-1.el7_1.noarch.rpm | 227 kB 00:00:00 (12/33): python-kitchen-1.1.1-5.el7.noarch.rpm | 267 kB 00:00:00 (13/33): python-markupsafe-0.11-10.el7.x86_64.rpm | 25 kB 00:00:00 (14/33): python-requests-2.6.0-1.el7_1.noarch.rpm | 94 kB 00:00:00 (15/33): python-six-1.9.0-2.el7.noarch.rpm | 29 kB 00:00:00 (16/33): python-jinja2-2.7.2-2.el7.noarch.rpm | 515 kB 00:00:00 (17/33): python-urllib3-1.10.2-2.el7_1.noarch.rpm | 100 kB 00:00:00 (18/33): python-urlgrabber-3.10-8.el7.noarch.rpm | 108 kB 00:00:00 (19/33): python-backports-ssl_match_hostname-3.4.0.2-4.el7.noarch.rpm | 12 kB 00:00:00 (20/33): python-babel-0.9.6-8.el7.noarch.rpm | 1.4 MB 00:00:00 (21/33): m2crypto-0.21.1-17.el7.x86_64.rpm | 429 kB 00:00:01 (22/33): python-zmq-14.3.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 468 kB 00:00:00 (23/33): python2-msgpack-0.4.8-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 83 kB 00:00:00 (24/33): python2-crypto-2.6.1-10.el7.x86_64.rpm | 475 kB 00:00:00 (25/33): systemd-libs-219-30.el7_3.6.x86_64.rpm | 368 kB 00:00:00 (26/33): systemd-sysv-219-30.el7_3.6.x86_64.rpm | 63 kB 00:00:00 (27/33): salt-master-2015.5.10-2.el7.noarch.rpm | 1.0 MB 00:00:00 (28/33): yum-utils-1.1.31-40.el7.noarch.rpm | 116 kB 00:00:00 (29/33): systemd-python-219-30.el7_3.6.x86_64.rpm | 109 kB 00:00:01 (30/33): yum-3.4.3-150.el7.centos.noarch.rpm | 1.2 MB 00:00:01 (31/33): salt-2015.5.10-2.el7.noarch.rpm | 4.1 MB 00:00:03 (32/33): zeromq3-3.2.5-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 344 kB 00:00:02 (33/33): systemd-219-30.el7_3.6.x86_64.rpm | 5.2 MB 00:00:05 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 2.6 MB/s | 18 MB 00:00:06 exiting because "Download Only" specified
有几点需要注意下：
1.yum download的是当前系统状态的
依赖组合，如果当前系统进行过任何升级或者组件安装，则每次的结果就会有差异。对于实际部署，必须要求初始环境一致。在这里我选择的是CentOS-7-x86_64-Minimal-1511.iso，系统安装后直接利用rpm离线部署。
2.在resolved过程看到，系统提示了所匹配的组件包的名称、架构、版本、来源、大小。
3.从download的过程来看，系统给出了需要安装的每个软件，安装25项依赖软件，升级7项依赖软件。对应的离线安装包就需要区别对待。此处要格外注意。
我们将update列为单独的目录，其他依赖及主文件放置在update目录外，目录树如下：
# tree ├── libtomcrypt-1.17-23.el7.x86_64.rpm ├── libtommath-0.42.0-4.el7.x86_64.rpm ├── libxml2-python-2.9.1-6.el7_2.3.x86_64.rpm ├── libyaml-0.1.4-11.el7_0.x86_64.rpm ├── m2crypto-0.21.1-17.el7.x86_64.rpm ├── openpgm-5.2.122-2.el7.x86_64.rpm ├── pciutils-3.5.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm ├── python2-crypto-2.6.1-10.el7.x86_64.rpm ├── python2-msgpack-0.4.8-1.el7.x86_64.rpm ├── python-babel-0.9.6-8.el7.noarch.rpm ├── python-backports-1.0-8.el7.x86_64.rpm ├── python-backports-ssl_match_hostname-3.4.0.2-4.el7.noarch.rpm ├── python-chardet-2.2.1-1.el7_1.noarch.rpm ├── python-jinja2-2.7.2-2.el7.noarch.rpm ├── python-kitchen-1.1.1-5.el7.noarch.rpm ├── python-markupsafe-0.11-10.el7.x86_64.rpm ├── python-requests-2.6.0-1.el7_1.noarch.rpm ├── python-six-1.9.0-2.el7.noarch.rpm ├── python-urllib3-1.10.2-2.el7_1.noarch.rpm ├── python-zmq-14.3.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm ├── PyYAML-3.10-11.el7.x86_64.rpm ├── salt-2015.5.10-2.el7.noarch.rpm ├── salt-master-2015.5.10-2.el7.noarch.rpm ├── systemd-python-219-30.el7_3.6.x86_64.rpm ├── yum-utils-1.1.31-40.el7.noarch.rpm │── zeromq3-3.2.5-1.el7.x86_64.rpm └── update ├── libgudev1-219-30.el7_3.6.x86_64.rpm ├── libxml2-2.9.1-6.el7_2.3.x86_64.rpm ├── pciutils-libs-3.5.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm ├── python-urlgrabber-3.10-8.el7.noarch.rpm ├── systemd-219-30.el7_3.6.x86_64.rpm ├── systemd-libs-219-30.el7_3.6.x86_64.rpm ├── systemd-sysv-219-30.el7_3.6.x86_64.rpm └── yum-3.4.3-150.el7.centos.noarch.rpm
在目录同层，编写install_salt.sh并
授予执行权限
#!/bin/bash rpm -Uvh update/*.rpm rpm -ivh *.rpm systemctl start salt-master.service systemctl enable salt-master.service systemctl status salt-master.service
安装后服务状态正常。
● salt-master.service - The Salt Master Server Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/salt-master.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled) Active: active (running) since Tue 2017-01-17 13:35:00 CST; 1h 16min ago Main PID: 17972 (salt-master) Memory: 6.6M CGroup: /system.slice/salt-master.service ├─17972 /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/salt-master ├─17982 /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/salt-master ├─17984 /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/salt-master ├─17985 /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/salt-master ├─17991 /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/salt-master ├─17993 /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/salt-master ├─17994 /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/salt-master ├─17997 /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/salt-master ├─18000 /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/salt-master ├─18004 /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/salt-master └─18005 /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/salt-master
另外
salt-minion也可以使用类似的方式完成离线安装。
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