centos 7.4(debian)命令及安装mysql/mariadb安装gogs,安装docker,zsh,ack
2017-11-22 10:02
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最小安装: 1. 选择English 2. DATE & TIME 修改好本地时间 SOFTWARE SELECTION默认的Minimal Install就好 INSTALLATION DESTINATION选一下 然后,Begin Installation 3. ROOT PASSWORD设置ROOT密码 USER CREATION设置新用户,勾选Make this user administrator 等待安装完成,点Reboot按钮。 配置静态IPv4: $ systemctl status NetworkManager.service 检查网络管理器服务状态 $ nmcli dev status DEVICE TYPE STATE CONNECTION ens33 ethernet disconnected -- lo loopback unmanaged -- 这里需要配置ens33 $ su # cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts # ls ifcfg* # vi ifcfg-ens33 配置的ens33 将 BOOTPROTO=dhcp 改为 BOOTPROTO=static 然后在下行添加: IPADDR=192.168.48.10 NETMASK=225.225.225.0 NM_CONTROLLED=no (NM_CONTROLLED=no表示该接口通过该配置文件设置,而不是通过网络管理器) 将 ONBOOT=no 改为 ONBOOT=yes (如果虚拟机NAT访问,加入网关设置 GATEWAY=192.168.48.2 NETWORK=192.168.48.0 其他配置: DHCP_HOSTNAME=192.168.48.254 BROADCAST=192.168.48.255 HWADDR=00:0C:29:56:BF:F7 ) 保存退出vi 注:如果使用dhcp动态IP 只要将 ONBOOT=no 改为 ONBOOT=yes 即可。 # systemctl restart network.service # ip add 查看ip信息 DNS配置 NMCLI方法: # nmcli connection show # nmcli con mod ens33 ipv4.dns "8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4" # nmcli con up ens33 # ping www.baidu.com -c 4 手动修改方法: # vim /etc/resolv.conf nameserver 8.8.8.8 nameserver 8.8.4.4 # vim /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf 在[main]下加入: dns=none # systemctl restart NetworkManager # ping www.baidu.com -c 4 Debian配置网络 # vi /etc/network/interfaces DHCP配置: auto eth0 allow-hotplug eth0 iface eth0 inet dhcp (IPv6追加:) iface eth0 inet6 dhcp (或者) iface eth0 inet6 auto 静态IP配置: auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 192.0.2.7 netmask 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.0.2.254 (IPv6追加:) iface eth0 inet6 static address 2001:db8::c0ca:1eaf netmask 64 gateway 2001:db8::1ead:ed:beef 帮助:man interfaces # systemctl restart networking 配置光盘为安装源(注:后面有配置iso为安装源的,这里仅光盘镜像临时作为安装源使用): $ sudo ssh 192.168.48.10 -l root # cat /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Media.repo 基本内容如下: [c7-media] name=CentOS-$releasever - Media baseurl=file:///media/CentOS/ file:///media/cdrom/ file:///media/cdrecorder/ gpgcheck=1 enabled=0 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 文件头的注释部分提示可以用命令 yum --enablerepo=c7-media [command] 或者 yum --disablerepo=\* --enablerepo=c7-media [command] 安装软件。 # ls /dev/cdrom # mkdir /media/cdrom # mount /dev/cdrom /media/cdrom 挂载cdrom 安装vim、gcc、g++: # yum --disablerepo=\* --enablerepo=c7-media install vim -y # yum --disablerepo=\* --enablerepo=c7-media install gcc gcc-c++ -y ---------------- 安装mysql 5.6: ---------------- 先将client和server两个rpm安装包复制到本机下载目录,然后在mac终端输入: $ sudo scp ~/Downloads/MySQL-*.rpm bob@192.168.48.10:/home/bob/ 复制client和server安装文件到/home/bob/目录下(注:也可以复制到其他目录,比如root@192.168.48.10:/usr/local/) 回到ssh: # rpm -qa|grep -i mariadb 查询mariadb,与mysql冲突,下面将查到的库一并强制删除(最小安装只有mariadb-libs) # rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs # groupadd -r mysql # useradd -g mysql mysql -d /home/mysql -s /sbin/nologin (注:mysql 5.7论坛版安装顺序是:common、libs、client、server) (注2:mariadb 10.2需要一些依赖:yum --disablerepo=\* --enablerepo=c7-media install lsof perl rsync boost perl-DBI -y 然后安装顺序是:galera、MariaDB-10.2.10-centos73-x86_64-*(放在同一目录下:compat、common、client、server) ) # yum --disablerepo=\* --enablerepo=c7-media install perl -y # rpm -ivh ./MySQL-client-5.6.34-1.el7.x86_64.rpm # yum --disablerepo=\* --enablerepo=c7-media install autoconf -y # rpm -ivh ./MySQL-server-5.6.34-1.el7.x86_64.rpm # rm -f MySQL-*.rpm # systemctl start mysql.service (注:mysql 5.7的启动服务是mysqld.service) (注2:mariadb 10.2启动服务是mysqld.service,mariadb也可以) # cat /root/.mysql_secret The random password set for the root user at Tue Feb 21 13:55:26 2017 (local time): vZQwDJLbxm_zHno_ (注:mysql 5.7的初始密码在log文件里 $ grep "temporary password" /var/log/mysqld.log 然后在调用mysql_secure_installation前,手动修改安全策略: $ mysql -uroot -p mysql> set global validate_password_policy=0; mysql> set global validate_password_length=0; mysql> exit 或者编辑 /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] validate_password=off ) (注2:mariadb 10.2没有初始密码,可以通过下面命令将密码设置为123456 /usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root password '123456' ) # /usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation 把随机密码粘贴到提示符,根据提示,改变root密码,移除匿名账户,禁用root远程登录,移除测试数据库,刷新权限。 (注:mysql 5.7在设置了前面的密码策略后,可能要多次输入简单的密码来确认) # mysql -uroot -p 创建新用户: mysql> create user 'bob'@'%' identified by '123456'; (如果用root账户远程连接:mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by '123456';) mysql> flush privileges; mysql> exit # firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent # firewall-cmd --reload ------ mysql emoji ------ 注意:utf8mb4的最低mysql版本支持版本为5.5.3+ 注意2:utf8mb4作为索引列需要注意,在MySQL 5.7.7和MariaDB 10.2.2中支持3072个字节最大索引,而MySQL5.6仅支持767个字节, 所以在mysql5.6时,utf8mb4列的长度不要超过191(191*4<767),utf8可以是255(255*3<767)。如要使用超过767个字节(升级到3072个),需要设置 SET GLOBAL innodb_file_per_table = ON, innodb_file_format = Barracuda, innodb_large_prefix = ON; 并且在建立表(包括ALTER)的时候,加上 ROW_FORMAT=DYNAMIC 或者 ROW_FORMAT=COMPRESSED CREATE TABLE _tablename_( `id` INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `hashtag` VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL COMMENT 'hashtag must be unique. Must be saved without #', PRIMARY KEY (`id`), UNIQUE INDEX `hashtags_hashtag` (`hashtag` ASC)) ) ENGINE = InnoDB DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 ROW_FORMAT = COMPRESSED; ALTER就是: ALTER TABLE _tablename_ ROW_FORMAT=DYNAMIC; (mysql 5.7.9是默认innodb_default_row_format=DYNAMIC,innodb_file_per_table = ON,innodb_file_format = Barracuda,innodb_large_prefix = ON) --- 如果创建数据库、表、列时指定utf8mb4和utf8mb4_general_ci,下面应该可以不用设置。 1) 设置my.cnf $ sudo vim /etc/my.cnf(ubuntu的位置 /etc/mysql/my.cnf) [client] default-character-set=utf8mb4 [mysql] default-character-set=utf8mb4 [mysqld] character-set-client-handshake=FALSE character-set-server=utf8mb4 collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci init_connect='SET NAMES utf8mb4' skip-name-resolve 保存后重启mysql $ systemctl restart mysql $ mysql -uroot -p mysql> SHOW VARIABLES WHERE Variable_name LIKE 'character_set_%' OR Variable_name LIKE 'collation%'; +--------------------------+----------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------+----------------------------+ | character_set_client | utf8mb4 | | character_set_connection | utf8mb4 | | character_set_database | utf8mb4 | | character_set_filesystem | binary | | character_set_results | utf8mb4 | | character_set_server | utf8mb4 | | character_set_system | utf8 | | character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ | | collation_connection | utf8mb4_general_ci | | collation_database | utf8mb4_unicode_ci | | collation_server | utf8mb4_unicode_ci | +--------------------------+----------------------------+ 11 rows in set 注:collation_connection、collation_database、collation_server是utf8mb4_general_ci没有关系。 2) 修改Database、Table、Column字符集: ALTER DATABASE database_name CHARACTER SET = utf8mb4 COLLATE = utf8mb4_unicode_ci; ALTER TABLE table_name CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci; ALTER TABLE table_name CHANGE column_name VARCHAR(191) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci; 修复优化表 REPAIR TABLE table_name; OPTIMIZE TABLE table_name; 也可以用mysqlcheck命令优化所有数据库 $ mysqlcheck -uroot -p --auto-repair --optimize --all-databases 3) 对于Java来说mysql connector版本需高于5.1.13。 ------------ 安装gogs: ------------ 先将linux_amd64.zip包复制到本机下载目录,然后在mac终端输入: $ sudo scp ~/Downloads/linux_amd64.tar.gz root@192.168.48.10:/root/ 复制linux_amd64.tar.gz文件到/root/目录下(注:也可以复制到其他目录,比如root@192.168.48.10:/usr/local/) 回到ssh: # groupadd -r git # useradd -g git git -d /home/git # mv /root/linux_amd64.tar.gz /home/git/ # chown git:git /home/git/linux_amd64.tar.gz (如果是zip文件:yum --disablerepo=\* --enablerepo=c7-media install unzip -y) # su git $ cd ~ $ tar xvfz linux_amd64.tar.gz (如果是zip文件:unzip linux_amd64.zip) $ ls gogs linux_amd64.tar.gz $ rm -f linux_amd64.tar.gz $ cd gogs $ chmod +x ./gogs $ cat ./scripts/mysql.sql DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS gogs; CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS gogs CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci; $ mysql -uroot -p < scripts/mysql.sql $ mysql -uroot -p mysql> grant all privileges on gogs.* to 'bob'@'%' identified by '123456'; mysql> flush privileges; mysql> exit $ exit # cp /home/git/gogs/scripts/systemd/gogs.service /etc/systemd/system/ # cat /etc/systemd/system/gogs.service [Unit] Description=Gogs After=syslog.target After=network.target After=mariadb.service mysqld.service postgresql.service memcached.service redis.service [Service] # Modify these two values and uncomment them if you have # repos with lots of files and get an HTTP error 500 because # of that ### #LimitMEMLOCK=infinity #LimitNOFILE=65535 Type=simple User=git Group=git WorkingDirectory=/home/git/gogs ExecStart=/home/git/gogs/gogs web Restart=always Environment=USER=git HOME=/home/git [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target 启动服务,配置防火墙 # systemctl start gogs.service # systemctl enable gogs.service # firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3000/tcp --permanent # firewall-cmd --reload (ubuntu系统配置防火墙命令: sudo ufw allow 3000 sudo ufw enable) (iptables: // 添加 iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp --sport 22 -j ACCEPT // 保存 service iptables save cat /etc/sysconfig/iptables // 重启iptables service iptables restart iptables -nvL --line-number // 删除 iptables -D INPUT 2 <--- line number // 修改 iptables -R INPUT 3 -j ACCEPT ) 然后在浏览器打开 http://192.168.48.10:3000 (注2:mariadb配置好后,主机也许不能用127.0.0.1连接,请用主机ip:192.168.48.10) 注:如果开启了selinux,可能需要关闭。 # setenforce 0 # vim /etc/sysconfig/selinux 将SELINUX=enforce改为disabled 配置文件为了保证重启后生效。 无法使用ssh进行clone和push数据 如果http方式没问题,就是应为gogs的账户(这里是git账户)没有指定shell, 解决办法是: # cat /etc/shells /bin/sh /bin/bash ... # usermod -s /bin/bash git 升级gogs $ sudo service gogs stop $ sudo su - git $ cd ~ $ pwd /home/git $ ls gogs gogs-repositories $ mv gogs gogs_old $ wget https://dl.gogs.io/gogs_v$VERSION_$OS_$ARCH.tar.gz $ tar -zxvf gogs_v$VERSION_$OS_$ARCH.tar.gz $ ls gogs gogs_old gogs-repositories gogs_v$VERSION_$OS_$ARCH.tar.gz $ cp -R gogs_old/custom gogs $ cp -R gogs_old/data gogs $ cp -R gogs_old/log gogs $ sudo service gogs start 如果启动失败,可能是权限的问题: # chmod +x /home/git/gogs/gogs # chown -R git:git /home/git/gogs # service gogs start --------- docker-ce --------- 方式一:在线安装 https://docs.docker.com/engine/installation/linux/docker-ce/centos/#os-requirements 1. 卸载 # yum remove docker docker-common docker-selinux docker-engine 2. 安装yum配置管理器 # yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2 3. 加入docker-ce repo # yum-config-manager --add-repo https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo 或者 wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo (如果采用清华大学镜像,接着执行: # sed -i 's+download.docker.com+mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/docker-ce+' /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo ) (可选)然后可以通过命令切换edge或者test # yum-config-manager --enable docker-ce-edge # yum-config-manager --enable docker-ce-test 禁用则返回标准 # yum-config-manager --disable docker-ce-edge 4. 安装docker-ce # yum makecache fast (可选) # sudo yum install docker-ce (查看安装docker的其他版本版本 $ yum list docker-ce --showduplicates | sort -r # yum install <FULLY-QUALIFIED-PACKAGE-NAME>) 5. 启动docker # systemctl start docker # systemctl enable docker 6. 测试 # docker run hello-world 方式二:rpm包 rpm方式的话,需要下载安装的文件: 安装依赖 # yum --disablerepo=\* --enablerepo=c7-media install libcgroup policycoreutils-python -y container-selinux http://mirror.centos.org/centos/7.4.1708/extras/x86_64/Packages/container-selinux-2.28-1.git85ce147.el7.noarch.rpm # rpm -ivh /root/container-selinux-2.28-1.git85ce147.el7.noarch.rpm 安装docker-ce https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/7/x86_64/stable/Packages/docker-ce-17.09.0.ce-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm rpm -ivh /root/docker-ce-17.09.0.ce-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm (debian: https://docs.docker.com/engine/installation/linux/docker-ce/debian/#install-docker-ce-1 如果不能用sudo apt-get install docker-ce直接安装: $ sudo apt-get remove docker docker-engine $ sudo apt-get update $ sudo apt-get install \ apt-transport-https \ ca-certificates \ curl \ gnupg2 \ software-properties-common $ curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/$(. /etc/os-release; echo "$ID")/gpg | sudo apt-key add - 官方仓库: $ sudo add-apt-repository \ "deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/$(. /etc/os-release; echo "$ID") \ $(lsb_release -cs) \ stable" 清华大学镜像仓库: $ sudo add-apt-repository \ "deb [arch=amd64] https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/$(. /etc/os-release; echo "$ID") \ $(lsb_release -cs) \ stable" 注:add-apt-repository --remove <http或者ppa:....> 可以删除一个仓库 清华大学镜像仓库的详细使用方法:https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/docker-ce/ $ sudo apt-get update $ sudo apt-get install docker-ce ) 将当前用户添加到docker组 $ sudo usermod -aG docker $USER 重新登录shell 启动docker $ sudo systemctl start docker $ sudo systemctl enable docker 或者( $ sudo update-rc.d docker enable $ sudo service docker start ) $ docker version Client: Version: 17.09.0-ce API version: 1.32 Go version: go1.8.3 Git commit: afdb6d4 Built: Tue Sep 26 22:41:23 2017 OS/Arch: linux/amd64 Server: Version: 17.09.0-ce API version: 1.32 (minimum version 1.12) Go version: go1.8.3 Git commit: afdb6d4 Built: Tue Sep 26 22:42:49 2017 OS/Arch: linux/amd64 Experimental: false 卸载docker # yum remove docker-ce 删除镜像、容器、卷和自定义配置 # rm -rf /var/lib/docker 添加私有源 # vim /etc/docker/daemon.json { "insecure-registries": ["192.168.48.10:5000"] } 也可以加入镜像 "registry-mirrors": ["https://xxxxx.mirror.aliyuncs.com"] # systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl restart docker 查看insecure-registries和registry-mirrors # docker info 安装docker-compose 方法一:安装源(推荐) $ sudo yum makecache fast $ sudo yum install docker-compose (debian/ubuntu: $ sudo apt-get update $ sudo apt-get install docker-compose $ docker-compose --version 如果发生错误 $ pip install --upgrade docker-py 如果没有安装pip $ sudo apt-get install python-pip $ mkdir -p ~/.config/pip $ vim ~/.config/pip/pip.conf [global] index-url = https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple 然后再执行 pip install --upgrade docker-py ) 方法二:通过github 注意版本号通过https://github.com/docker/compose/releases查看最新版,然后替换1.19.0 $ sudo curl -L https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.19.0/docker-compose-`uname -s`-`uname -m` -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose $ sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose $ docker-compose --version (卸载:sudo rm /usr/local/bin/docker-compose) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 启动到命令行界面 graphical.target to multi-user.target $ systemctl get-default graphical.target $ sudo systemctl set-default multi-user.target Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/default.target. Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/default.target to /usr/lib/systemd/system/multi-user.target. $ sudo reboot // boot to graphical desktop $ startx 更改所有权 chown -R youruser:youruser /home/youruser/* 更换shell # cat /etc/shells # echo $SHELL # usermod -s /sbin/nologin youruser # usermod -s /sbin/bash youruser 设置iso作为安装源 查看网址 # ip add 远程拷贝 $ scp ~/Desktop/CentOS-7-x86_64-Everything-1611.iso root@192.168.48.10:/usr/local/ 远程登录 $ ssh 192.168.48.10 -l root 移动文件到/usr/local/iso # mkdir /usr/local/iso # mv /usr/local/CentOS-7-x86_64-Everything-1611.iso /usr/local/iso/ 修改fstab,挂着iso到/mnt/centiso # vi /etc/fstab 追加: /usr/local/iso/CentOS-7-x86_64-Everything-1611.iso /mnt/centiso iso9660 defaults,ro,loop 0 0 创建挂载点并挂载: # mkdir /mnt/centiso # mount -a # ls /mnt/centiso CentOS_BuildTag EFI EULA GPL images isolinux LiveOS Packages repodata RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-7 TRANS.TBL 记住这里面的GPG-KEY的文件,将用在yum配置源上 查看yum源 # ls /etc/yum.repos.d/ CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-Media.repo CentOS-Vault.repo CentOS-CR.repo CentOS-fasttrack.repo CentOS-Sources.repo 新建一个cdrom.repo # vi cdrom.repo [CDROM] name=centiso baseurl=file:///mnt/centiso enabled=1 gpgcheck=0 gkgkey=file///mnt/centiso/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 检查安装源 # yum list gcc Loaded plugins: fastestmirror CDROM | 3.6 kB 00:00 base | 3.6 kB 00:00 ... 可以看见CDROM安装源 更换镜像源(https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/centos/) 以CentOS 7为例 # mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.bak # vim /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo ----------------------------------------------- # CentOS-Base.repo # # The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the # update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and # geographically close to the client. You should use this for CentOS updates # unless you are manually picking other mirrors. # # If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the # remarked out baseurl= line instead. # # [base] name=CentOS-$releasever - Base baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/ #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 #released updates [updates] name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/ #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=updates gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 #additional packages that may be useful [extras] name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/ #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=extras gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 #additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages [centosplus] name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/ #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus gpgcheck=1 enabled=0 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 ----------------------------------------------- # sudo yum makecache 安装sudo $ su # vim /etc/sudoers 在 root ALL=(ALL) ALL后面添加相同一行,新行的root改成当前用户,然后w!写入,退出vim # exit $ 就可以了。 安装vim # yum install vim 安装deltarpm # yum provides '*/applydeltarpm' # yum install deltarpm 安装ack # yum install epel-release # yum install ack 其中epel-release指的是:Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux (EPEL) Fodera直接 # dnf install ack -y Debian $ sudo apt install ack-grep 安装zsh # cat /etc/shells # yum install zsh # zsh --version # echo $SHELL # chsh -s /bin/zsh (yum install util-linux-user) # zsh 选择2,生成默认配置文件~/.zshrc 如果改变失败,可以用usermod命令: $ sudo usermod -s /bin/zsh $USER ( 创建组和用户 # groupadd -r bob # useradd -g bob bob -d /home/bob -s /bin/bash # passwd bob # mkdir /home/bob # chown -R bob:bob /home/bob # vi /etc/sudoer ... ) 安装antigen(https://github.com/zsh-users/antigen) $ cd ~ $ curl -L git.io/antigen > antigen.zsh $ vim ~/.antigenrc source $HOME/antigen.zsh antigen use oh-my-zsh antigen bundles <<EOBUNDLES git #gitfast #git-extras heroku sudo z history cp rsync #encode64 #osx #brew #brew-cask #command-not-found zsh-users/zsh-syntax-highlighting zsh-users/zsh-autosuggestions zsh-users/zsh-completions EOBUNDLES antigen theme clean antigen apply $ echo source \$HOME/.antigenrc>~/.zshrc ****如果不在zsh $ zsh $ chsh -s /bin/zsh ****如果在zsh $ source ~/.zshrc $ antigen list 如果出现问题可以reset一下: $ antigen reset 注意:如果启动zsh时候提示 zsh compinit: insecure directories, run compaudit for list. 输入 compaudit 查看不安全的目录,然后用chmod 755(或chown)命令改变这些目录权限 $ compaudit There are insecure directories: /home/Bob/.antigen/bundles/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/lib /home/Bob/.antigen/bundles/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/plugins/git ... $ ls -al /home/Bob/.antigen drwxrwxrwx 0 Bob Bob 4096 Dec 8 10:00 . drwxr-xr-x 0 Bob Bob 4096 Dec 8 10:09 .. drwxrwxrwx 0 Bob Bob 4096 Dec 8 09:46 bundles ... 看见.和bundles目录的权限不是755 $ sudo chmod -R 755 /home/Bob/.antigen $ compaudit | xargs chmod -R 755 安装oh-my-zsh(如果不喜欢antigen,可以安装oh-my-zsh) # sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/master/tools/install.sh)" 或者 # sh -c "$(wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/master/tools/install.sh -O -)" # vim ~/.zshrc plugins=(git z history sudo) 删除oh-my-zsh # uninstall_oh_my_zsh # rm ~/.zshrc 安装fzf(https://github.com/junegunn/fzf) $ git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/junegunn/fzf.git ~/.fzf $ ~/.fzf/install 更新 $ cd ~/.fzf && git pull && ./install 更改时区 # date -R # ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime 或者 # cp /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime yum清理命令 # yum autoremove 清除缓存目录(/var/cache/yum)下的软件包 # yum clean packages 清除缓存目录(/var/cache/yum)下的 headers # yum clean headers 清除缓存目录(/var/cache/yum)下旧的 headers # yum clean oldheaders 清除缓存目录(/var/cache/yum)下的软件包及旧的headers 命令:yum clean, yum clean all (= yum clean packages; yum clean oldheaders) 安装yum管理工具 yum-utils(yum-config-manager,使用方法见docker-ce在线安装部分) # yum --disablerepo=\* --enablerepo=c7-media install yum-utils -y 查看依赖 # rpm -qpR *.rpm Debian安装deb文件 $ sudo dpkg -i code_1.19.3-1516876497_i386.deb Debian的apt命令 编辑源、更新源 # apt edit-sources 或者 # vi /etc/apt/sources.list # apt update 查询、安装 # apt search vsftpd # apt install git vim 删除 apt-get remove vsftpd dnf命令(替代yum的包管理工具) 查看系统中可用的 DNF 软件库 # dnf repolist 查看系统中可用和不可用的所有的 DNF 软件库 # dnf repolist all 列出所有 RPM 包 # dnf list 列出所有安装了的 RPM 包 # dnf list installed 列出所有可供安装的 RPM 包 # dnf list available 搜索软件库中的 RPM 包 # dnf search nano 查找某一文件的提供者 # dnf provides /bin/bash 查看软件包详情 # dnf info nano 安装软件包 # dnf install nano 升级软件包 # dnf update systemd 检查系统软件包的更新 # dnf check-update 升级所有系统软件包 # dnf update 或 # dnf upgrade 删除软件包 # dnf remove nano 或 # dnf erase nano 删除无用孤立的软件包 # dnf autoremove 删除缓存的无用软件包 # dnf clean all 获取有关某条命令的使用帮助 # dnf help clean 查看所有的 DNF 命令及其用途 # dnf help 查看 DNF 命令的执行历史 # dnf history 查看所有的软件包组 # dnf grouplist 安装一个软件包组 # dnf groupinstall 'Educational Software' 升级一个软件包组中的软件包 # dnf groupupdate 'Educational Software' 删除一个软件包组 # dnf groupremove 'Educational Software' 从特定的软件包库安装特定的软件 # dnf –enablerepo=epel install phpmyadmin 更新软件包到最新的稳定发行版 # dnf distro-sync 重新安装特定软件包 # dnf reinstall nano 回滚某个特定软件的版本 # dnf downgrade acpid 关闭防火墙 # systemctl stop firewalld.service # systemctl disable firewalld.service 关闭selinux # setenforce 0 # vim /etc/sysconfig/selinux 将SELINUX=enforce改为disabled 改密码: # passwd 查看/var/log/wtmp登录日志 # last 查看/var/log/btmp失败的登录日志 # lastb 注:可以用-f指定查看的文件名:last -f /var/log/btmp 查看最近10条登录日志,用dns代替ip地址 # last -10 -d 查找文件 $ sudo find / -name file.txt $ sudo find / -name file.txt 2>/dev/null 查找命令 $ which vi $ whereis vi CPU信息 # cat /proc/cpuinfo 物理CPU个数 # cat /proc/cpuinfo| grep "physical id"| sort| uniq| wc -l 每个物理CPU中core的个数 # cat /proc/cpuinfo| grep "cpu cores"| uniq 逻辑CPU的个数 # cat /proc/cpuinfo| grep "processor"| wc -l 总核数 = 物理CPU个数 x 每颗物理CPU的核数 总逻辑CPU数 = 物理CPU个数 x 每颗物理CPU的核数 x 超线程数 磁盘空间 # df -h 文件占用空间 # du --max-depth=1 -h # du -sh # du -sh /opt/oracle 字体 在/usr/share/fonts/下面创建一个目录, # mkdir -p /usr/share/fonts/winFonts 然后把字体复制到这个目录里, # cp ~/Desktop/font/*.ttf /usr/share/fonts/winFonts/ 设置权限最低444 # chown -R 444 /usr/share/fonts/winFonts/ 然后调用 # mkfontscale (创建新字体的fonts.scale文件,它用来控制字体旋转缩放) # mkfontdir (创建新字体的fonts.dir文件,它用来控制字体粗斜体产生) # fc-cache -fv (建立字体缓存信息,也就是让系统认识认识新字体) 删除多余内核 centos # uname -a (查看当前内核) # rpm -qa|grep kernel # yum remove kernel-2.6.32-279.9.1.el6.x86_64 debian $ uname -a (查看当前内核) $ dpkg --get-selections | grep linux $ sudo apt-get remove linux-image-2.6.32.21-generic $ sudo update-grub 主机名 $ hostname debian $ cat /etc/hostname debian 详情 $ hostnamectl Static hostname: debian Icon name: computer-vm Chassis: vm Machine ID: 60ab99cf205c40cd9183a45dcfbd64b2 Boot ID: 5cf792f390204c8c85a06309335210e1 Virtualization: vmware Operating System: Debian GNU/Linux buster/sid Kernel: Linux 4.13.0-1-amd64 Architecture: x86-64 分别查看 $ hostnamectl --static debian $ hostnamectl --transient debian $ hostnamectl --pretty 改名 $ sudo hostnamectl set-hostname debian9 (全部设置) $ sudo hostnamectl --static set-hostname debian9 (单独设置) 手动改名 $ sudo /etc/hostname debian9 $ sudo /etc/hosts debian9 127.0.0.1 临时改名 $ hostname tempname 发行版本 $ cat /etc/os-release ------远程连接------ ssh: # systemctl start sshd.service # systemctl enable sshd.service $ ssh root@192.168.48.128 如果没有安装ssh服务,安装openssh # yum -qa|grep -i ssh (dnf list installed|grep -i ssh) openssh.x86_64 openssh-clients.x86_64 openssh-server.x86_64 其配置文件在:/etc/ssh/sshd_config 最后记得将端口加入防火墙策略里。 xstart + ssh: 终端:/usr/bin/gnome-terminal 文件管理器:/usr/bin/nautilus 其他可以用whereis命令查询 # where firefox # whereis firefox ----------Debian 安装图形界面---------- $ sudo apt edit-sources deb http://ftp2.cn.debian.org/debian/ testing main non-free contrib deb-src http://ftp2.cn.debian.org/debian/ testing main non-free contrib deb http://ftp2.cn.debian.org/debian/ testing-updates main non-free contrib deb-src http://ftp2.cn.debian.org/debian/ testing-updates main non-free contrib deb http://ftp2.cn.debian.org/debian-security/ testing/updates main deb-src http://ftp2.cn.debian.org/debian-security/ testing/updates main 注:更多镜像源列表: https://www.debian.org/mirror/list 官方一直维护着至少三个发行版本:"稳定版(stable)","测试版(testing)"和"不稳定版(unstable)"。 稳定版的版本代号: https://www.debian.org/releases/index.zh-cn.html 下一代 Debian 正式发行版的代号为 "buster" — 发布时间尚未确定 Debian 9("stretch") — 当前的稳定版 Debian 8("jessie") — 被淘汰的稳定版 Debian 7("wheezy") — 被淘汰的稳定版 Debian 6.0("squeeze") — 被淘汰的稳定版 Debian GNU/Linux 5.0("lenny") — 被淘汰的稳定版 Debian GNU/Linux 4.0("etch") — 被淘汰的稳定版 Debian GNU/Linux 3.1("sarge") — 被淘汰的稳定版 Debian GNU/Linux 3.0("woody") — 被淘汰的稳定版 Debian GNU/Linux 2.2("potato") — 被淘汰的稳定版 Debian GNU/Linux 2.1("slink") — 被淘汰的稳定版 Debian GNU/Linux 2.0("hamm") — 被淘汰的稳定版 更新全部软件 $ sudo apt update $ sudo apt list --upgradable $ sudo apt upgrade $ sudo autoremove *** 一键安装推荐的Gnome Desktop或KDE *** $ sudo apt install task-gnome-desktop $ sudo apt install task-kde-desktop 参见: https://wiki.debian.org/Gnome https://wiki.debian.org/KDE *** 手动安装KDE(wayland)*** $ sudo apt install plasma-workspace-wayland/testing $ sudo apt install lightdm $ sudo reboot now 如果“开始”菜单异常,窗口没有边框,尝试移除kwin-wayland $ sudo remove kwin-wayland $ sudo autoremove 终端模拟器 Kconsole,按Alt+F2输入terminal,最下面的就是,如果没有,手动安装。 $ sudo apt install net-tools $ sudo apt install ttf-mscorefonts-installer 如果打开Trash有问题 $ sudo apt install konqueror 然后在System Settings的Default Applications里选择File Manager为Konqueror $ sudo apt search firefox $ sudo apt install firefox-esr-l10n-zh-cn 输入法 $ sudo apt install fcitx fcitx-googlepinyin ------------------------ 启动到命令行 1) 修改Grub为命令行方式 $ sudo vim /etc/default/grub 更改GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX值为text: GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet" GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="" 为 GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet" GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="text" 反注释 GRUB_TERMINAL=console $ sudo /usr/sbin/update-grub 2) 修改系统为命令行方式 $ sudo systemctl set-default multi-user.target 改回图形界面的方式 $ sudo systemctl set-default graphical.target ------- fish-shell ------- fish-shell(https://github.com/fish-shell/fish-shell) centos 7: $ cd /etc/yum.repos.d/ $ wget https://download.opensuse.org/repositories/shells:fish:release:2/CentOS_7/shells:fish:release:2.repo $ yum install fish debian 9: $ echo 'deb http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/shells:/fish:/release:/2/Debian_9.0/ /' > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/fish.list $ apt-get update $ apt-get install fish fedora 26: $ dnf config-manager --add-repo https://download.opensuse.org/repositories/shells:fish:release:2/Fedora_26/shells:fish:release:2.repo $ dnf install fish ubuntu fish PPA: $ sudo apt-add-repository ppa:fish-shell/release-2 $ sudo apt-get update $ sudo apt-get install fish Oh-my-fish(https://github.com/oh-my-fish/oh-my-fish) $ curl -L https://get.oh-my.fish | fish $ echo $OMF_CONFIG ~/.config/omf $ omf list Plugins fish-spec omf Themes default $ omf install eden $ omf theme eden ------- vim spf13 插件 ------- ** ubuntu: VIM插件spf13-vim 因为spf13-vim 中的neocomplete.vim插件需要lua支持,所以要卸载vim,下载源代码,然后+lua编译vim vim with lua: $ cd ~ $ sudo apt-get remove vim $ sudo apt-get --assume-yes install gcc python2.7 python2.7-dev python3.5 python3.5-dev lua5.3 liblua5.3-dev ruby ruby-dev perl libperl-dev $ sudo ln -s /usr/include/lua5.3 /usr/include/lua ; 使vim configure时候能识别lua、python2 $ sudo ln -s /usr/bin/lua5.3 /usr/bin/lua $ sudo ln -s /usr/bin/python2.7 /usr/bin/python $ git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/vim/vim.git $ cd vim $ sudo make distclean ; 如果之前编译过 $ ./configure --with-features=huge --enable-rubyinterp=dynamic --enable-perlinterp --enable-cscope --enable-pythoninterp=dynamic --enable-python3interp=dynamic --with-python-config-dir=/usr/lib/python2.7/config-x86_64-linux-gnu --with-python3-config-dir=/usr/lib/python3.5/config-3.5m-x86_64-linux-gnu --enable-luainterp --enable-gui=no --enable-cscope --enable-multibyte --enable-xim --enable-fontset --prefix=/usr > config.log $ less config.log ; 查看config日志:python、lua、ruby、perl是否被正确识别 $ sudo make $ sudo make install $ whereis vim ; 了解vim的位置,我们编译的vim应该是/usr/bin/vim,如果有其他的vim,可以删除之 $ vim --version | less ; 查看vim版本信息:python、lua、ruby、perl是否被集成 $ sudo make clean ; 可以不清理 $ vim ~/.zshrc ; 如果vi没有指向我们编译的vim,可以将vi别名vim 在结尾加入: alias vi=vim $ source ~/.zshrc 安装spf13-vim(https://github.com/spf13/spf13-vim): $ cd ~ $ sudo apt-get install curl $ curl https://j.mp/spf13-vim3 -L > spf13-vim.sh && sh spf13-vim.sh 或者 $ curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/spf13/spf13-vim/3.0/bootstrap.sh -L > spf13-vim.sh && sh spf13-vim.sh 或者 $ git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/spf13/spf13-vim.git $ mv spf13-vim ~/.spf13-vim-3 $ ~/.spf13-vim-3/bootstrap.sh 等待插件安装完成。 ** mac: macvim brew install macvim --with-cscope --with-lua --with-override-system-vim brew linkapps macvim #将MacVim程序加入到Launchpad中 终端运行macvim:(位置:/usr/local/bin/mvim) mvim #会打开macvim新窗口 mvim -v #会在当前终端中运行 spf13-vim 通过https://github.com/spf13/spf13-vim的脚本bootstrap.sh: 短链接:http://j.mp/spf13-vim3 用浏览器打开后,复制脚步文件内容,粘贴到终端中即可。 或者 curl http://j.mp/spf13-vim3 -L -o - | sh 更多的信息见官网:http://vim.spf13.com/ ----显示用户和组---- cat /etc/passwd cat /etc/group 查看用户: cut -d : -f 1 /etc/passwd 可以登录的用户: cat /etc/passwd | grep -v /sbin/nologin | cut -d : -f 1 ----清华大学镜像源---- https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/centos/ https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/ubuntu/ https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/pypi/ ...
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