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Linux 网卡配置

2017-11-15 11:02 579 查看
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Linux中不同distribution中配置网络的方法大同小异。以下介绍RHEL6系列,SUSE11, Ubuntu12.04的配置

CentOS,RHEL
ethtool -p eth0 10
操作完毕后,看哪块网卡的led灯在闪,eth0就对应着哪块网卡

/etc/sysconfig/network

NETWORKING=yes            # 系统启动时是否启动网络  

HOSTNAME=zhubinqiangPC    # 定义主机名  
NETWORKING=yes # 系统启动时是否启动网络

HOSTNAME=zhubinqiangPC # 定义主机名

 
/etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules 得到网卡的MAC地址

SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="00:0c:29:58:5f:4b", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="eth*", NAME="eth0"  
SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="00:0c:29:58:5f:4b", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="eth*", NAME="eth0"

 
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 配置网卡

配置项有很多个,以下只列出部分重要的。具体可以参考 /usr/share/doc/initscripts-*/sysconfig.txt

DEVICE=eth0                 # 网卡代号,必须与ifcfg-eth0相对于  

HWADDR=00:0c:29:58:5f:4b    # MAC 地址, 如果只有一个网卡,可以省略  

TYPE=Ethernet               # 网络接口格式 这里是以太网格式  

UUID=371ea884-5bb7-4e03-9913-127fd7e787ae    # nmcli con 可得到 未知什么意思  

ONBOOT=yes                  # 开机启动  

NM_CONTROLLED=yes           # controlled by NetworkManager  

BOOTPROTO=static            # static 和 none 功能相同,表示手动配置, dhcp表示动态获取IP  

IPADDR=192.168.1.211        # IP 地址  

NETMASK=255.255.255.0       # 子网掩码  

GATEWAY=192.168.1.1         # 默认网关,如果有多个网卡配置文件 只须配置一个即可  

USERCTL=no                  # 是否允许非root用户控制该设备  

PEERDNS=yes                 # yes表示由DHCP来获取DNS, no表示 /etc/resolv.conf 来控制  

IPV6INIT=no                 # 是否允许IPV6  
DEVICE=eth0 # 网卡代号,必须与ifcfg-eth0相对于

HWADDR=00:0c:29:58:5f:4b # MAC 地址,
如果只有一个网卡,可以省略

TYPE=Ethernet # 网络接口格式
这里是以太网格式

UUID=371ea884-5bb7-4e03-9913-127fd7e787ae # nmcli con 可得到
未知什么意思

ONBOOT=yes # 开机启动

NM_CONTROLLED=yes # controlled by NetworkManager

BOOTPROTO=static # static 和 none 功能相同,表示手动配置, dhcp表示动态获取IP

IPADDR=192.168.1.211 # IP 地址

NETMASK=255.255.255.0 # 子网掩码

GATEWAY=192.168.1.1 # 默认网关,如果有多个网卡配置文件
只须配置一个即可

USERCTL=no # 是否允许非root用户控制该设备

PEERDNS=yes # yes表示由DHCP来获取DNS, no表示 /etc/resolv.conf 来控制

IPV6INIT=no # 是否允许IPV6

修改完配置文件要重启网络

/etc/init.d/network restart  
/etc/init.d/network restart

 
通过ifconfig来配置网络

查看所有网卡

ifconfig -a  
ifconfig -a

 
此配置在重启网络后会失效,恢复为ifcfg-eth0为主的配置

ifconfig eth0 192.168.0.211 netmask 255.255.255.0  

ifconfig eth0 192.168.0.211/24  
ifconfig eth0 192.168.0.211 netmask 255.255.255.0

ifconfig eth0 192.168.0.211/24

 
修改网卡MAC地址
[ifconfig eth0 hw ether 00:0C:29:58:5F:4C  

ifconfig eth0 hw ether 00:0C:29:58:5F:4C

开启和禁用网卡

ifconfig eth0 up  

ifconfig eth0 down  
ifconfig eth0 up

ifconfig eth0 down

 
ifup和ifdown来激活与关闭网卡

用ifup来激活 ifcfg-eth0文件要配置正确, 实际是通过/sbin/ifup 来调用相关脚本。

注意  一旦用ifconfig 来激活 就不能用ifdown来关闭。 一定要ifconfig才行。因为ifdown会比较当前网络与ifcfg-eth0是否相同,如果不同放弃ifdown的操作

ifup eth0          #激活  

ifdown eth0     #关闭  

  
 
ifconfig eth0 up  #激活  

ifconfig eth0 down   #关闭  
ifup eth0 #激活

ifdown eth0 #关闭

 
ifconfig eth0 up #激活

ifconfig eth0 down #关闭

 
/etc/resolv.conf 定义DNS服务器

# Generated by NetworkManager  

domain localdomain             

search localdomain          # 查找计算机名是 默认属于该域  

nameserver 192.168.157.2    # DNS 服务器地址, 可以配置多个  
# Generated by NetworkManager

domain localdomain

search localdomain # 查找计算机名是
默认属于该域

nameserver 192.168.157.2 # DNS 服务器地址,
可以配置多个

 
通过DHCP获取IP

通过修改ifcfg-ethX的BOOTPROTO=dhcp并重启网络  或者以下方法

dhclient eth0  
dhclient eth0

 
/etc/hosts 配置

127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4  

::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6  
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4

::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6

 

 

 
修改hostname

1.修改/etc/sysconfig/network

2.修改/etc/hosts

 
Ubuntu12.04

参考官方文档 https://help.ubuntu.com/12.04/serverguide/network-configuration.html
通过lshw 得到MAC地址

lshw -c network  
lshw -c network

*-network
                description: Ethernet interface
                product: 79c970 [PCnet32 LANCE]
                vendor: Hynix Semiconductor (Hyundai Electronics)
                physical id: 1
                bus info: pci@0000:02:01.0
                logical name: eth0
                version: 10
                serial: 00:0c:29:77:82:a2
                width: 32 bits
                clock: 33MHz
                capabilities: bus_master rom ethernet physical logical
                configuration: broadcast=yes driver=pcnet32 driverversion=1.35 ip=192.168.157.183 latency=64 link=yes maxlatency=255 mingnt=6 multicast=yes
                resources: irq:19 ioport:2000(size=128) memory:d8400000-d840ffff

 
/etc/network/interfaces 配置网卡

auto lo  

iface lo inet loopback  

auto eth0  

iface eth0 inet static       # 如果是dhcp 则把static改为dhcp  

    hwaddress ether 00:13:20:f9:f4:d3   #MAC  

    address 192.168.1.10     # IP 地址  

    netmask 255.255.255.0    # 子网掩码  

    gateway 192.168.1.1      # 网关  
auto lo

iface lo inet loopback

auto eth0

iface eth0 inet static # 如果是dhcp 则把static改为dhcp

hwaddress ether 00:13:20:f9:f4:d3 #MAC

address 192.168.1.10 # IP 地址

netmask 255.255.255.0 # 子网掩码

gateway 192.168.1.1 # 网关

 
重启网络 生效配置

/etc/init.d/networking restart  
/etc/init.d/networking restart

 
/etc/hosts 配置

127.0.0.1   localhost  

127.0.1.1   zbq-pc  

192.168.157.136 zbq-pc  

192.168.157.151 itms-server  

  
 
# The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts  

::1     ip6-localhost ip6-loopback  

fe00::0 ip6-localnet  

ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix  

ff02::1 ip6-allnodes  

ff02::2 ip6-allrouters  
127.0.0.1 localhost

127.0.1.1 zbq-pc

192.168.157.136 zbq-pc

192.168.157.151 itms-server

 
# The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts

::1 ip6-localhost ip6-loopback

fe00::0 ip6-localnet

ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix

ff02::1 ip6-allnodes

ff02::2 ip6-allrouters

 
hostname 修改 /etc/hostname

 
SUSE11

cat /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules 查看MAC 

修改 /etc/sysconfig/network/ifcfg-eth0

BOOTPROTO='dhcp'  

BROADCAST=''  

ETHTOOL_OPTIONS=''  

IPADDR=''  

MTU=''  

NAME='82545EM Gigabit Ethernet Controller (Copper)'  

NETMASK=''  

NETWORK=''  

REMOTE_IPADDR=''  

STARTMODE='auto'  

USERCONTROL='no'  
BOOTPROTO='dhcp'

BROADCAST=''

ETHTOOL_OPTIONS=''

IPADDR=''

MTU=''

NAME='82545EM Gigabit Ethernet Controller (Copper)'

NETMASK=''

NETWORK=''

REMOTE_IPADDR=''

STARTMODE='auto'

USERCONTROL='no'

重启网络

/etc/init.d/network restart  
/etc/init.d/network restart

 
修改hostname:/etc/HOSTNAME

 

 

 

查看Linux下网卡连接状态(up还是down)?  

2011-09-16 11:28:22|  分类:
linux |  标签: |举报 |字号大中小 订阅

       
 



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第1种方法

    [root@localhost /]# ifconfig -a
    eth0   Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:09:6B:09:08:FC
          inet addr:192.168.10.1 Bcast:192.168.10.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::209:6bff:fe09:8fc/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
          RX packets:106732953 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:104379788 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:100
          RX bytes:2351331877 (2.1 GiB) TX bytes:391707945 (373.5 MiB)
          Base address:0x2500 Memory:fbfe0000-fc000000
   eth1    Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:09:6B:09:08:FD
          BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:0 (0.0 b)
          Base address:0x2540 Memory:fbfc0000-fbfe0000

 
[root@localhost /root]# ifconfig
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:19:DB:41:08:1B
          inet addr:211.100.10.235 Bcast:211.100.10.235 Mask:255.255.255.255
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING PROMISC MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
          RX packets:178812 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:153415 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:100
          RX bytes:33094019 (31.5 MiB) TX bytes:71911163 (68.5 MiB)
          Base address:0x8f00 Memory:fd6e0000-fd700000

eth1      Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:19:DB:41:08:1C
          inet addr:192.168.1.115 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
          UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
          RX packets:13805 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:11356 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:1520439 (1.4 MiB) TX bytes:5406527 (5.1 MiB)
          Base address:0x7f00 Memory:fd2e0000-fd300000

eth2      Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:19:DB:41:08:1D
          inet addr:202.194.99.62 Bcast:202.194.99.62 Mask:255.255.255.255
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING PROMISC MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
          RX packets:158024 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:182280 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:74748049 (71.2 MiB) TX bytes:33535454 (31.9 MiB)
          Base address:0xdf00 Memory:fdee0000-fdf00000

lo        Link encap:Local Loopback
          inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1
          RX packets:99 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:99 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
          RX bytes:12978 (12.6 kiB) TX bytes:12978 (12.6 kiB)

第二种方法,通过mii-tool指令

       [root@localhost root]# mii-tool
         eth0: negotiated 100baseTx-FD, link ok
        eth1: no link
       或
       [root@localhost root]# mii-tool -v
        eth0: negotiated 100baseTx-FD, link ok
         product info: vendor 00:50:43, model 2 rev 3
          basic mode:   autonegotiation enabled
          basic status: autonegotiation complete, link ok
         capabilities: 100baseTx-FD 100baseTx-HD 10baseT-FD 10baseT-HD
          advertising: 100baseTx-FD 100baseTx-HD 10baseT-FD 10baseT-HD flow-control
         link partner: 100baseTx-FD 100baseTx-HD 10baseT-FD 10baseT-HD
        eth1: no link
          product info: vendor 00:50:43, model 2 rev 3
          basic mode:   autonegotiation enabled
           basic status: no link
          capabilities: 100baseTx-FD 100baseTx-HD 10baseT-FD 10baseT-HD
          advertising: 100baseTx-FD 100baseTx-HD 10baseT-FD 10baseT-HD flow-control
       或

      [root@localhost root]# mii-tool -w
       21:20:33 eth0: negotiated 100baseTx-FD, link ok
        21:20:33 eth1: no link

第三种方法

ethtool eth0

Settings for eth0:
        Link detected: yes

 
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