Linux系统知识小结(十一)
2017-11-07 23:58
183 查看
链接
软链接:指向性文件,若源文件删除,则无法查看
软链接的建立:
ln -s 文件 文件名.link
硬链接:指向性文件,若源文件删除,可继续查看
硬链接的建立:
ln 文件 文件名.hard
![](https://img-blog.csdn.net/20171108000205384?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQvamNfY2hpYQ==/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/Center)
磁盘
1,磁盘的分区划分
fdisk /dev/vdb : ##打开磁盘b
n #添加分区
p #添加一个主分区
##最多可以有3个分区和1个扩展分区
wq ##退出保存
partprobe ##同步分区记录表
![](https://img-blog.csdn.net/20171108000243093?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQvamNfY2hpYQ==/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/Center)
2,创建swap交换分区
fdisk /dev/vdb : ##打开磁盘b
t #改变分区类型
82 #改变为swap类型
partprobe ##同步分区记录表
mkswap /dev/vdb1 ##将分区格式化
![](https://img-blog.csdn.net/20171108000257873?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQvamNfY2hpYQ==/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/Center)
![](https://img-blog.csdn.net/20171108000308490?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQvamNfY2hpYQ==/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/Center)
临时激活swap分区:
swapon -a /dev/vdb1
![](https://img-blog.csdn.net/20171108000320498?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQvamNfY2hpYQ==/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/Center)
永久激活swap分区:
带开配置文件vim /etc/fstab:
init6 重启
swapon -s 查看是否激活
![](https://img-blog.csdn.net/20171108000334594?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQvamNfY2hpYQ==/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/Center)
![](https://img-blog.csdn.net/20171108000344801?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQvamNfY2hpYQ==/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/Center)
![](https://img-blog.csdn.net/20171108000357763?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQvamNfY2hpYQ==/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/Center)
![](https://img-blog.csdn.net/20171108000410193?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQvamNfY2hpYQ==/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/Center)
3,磁盘的加密
cryptsetup luksFormat /dev/vdb2 ##加密分区/vdb2并设置密码
cryptsetup open /dev/vdb2 guo ##打开分区
mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/guo ##将分区格式化为ext4格式
mount ##登陆密码实现挂载
![](https://img-blog.csdn.net/20171108000439990?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQvamNfY2hpYQ==/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/Center)
LVM逻辑卷
1,建立lvm格式
fdisk /dev/vdb ##打开磁盘b
t ##改变分区类型
8e ##改为LVM格式
wq ##保存推出
partprobe ##同步分区记录表
pvcreate /dev/vdb{3,5,6} ##生成物理卷
vgcreate vg0 /dev/vdb{3,5,6} ##生成物理卷组
lvcreate -n lv0 -L 1.5G vg0 ##生成1.5G逻辑卷
mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/vg0-lv0 ##将逻辑卷格式化
![](https://img-blog.csdn.net/20171108000513610?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQvamNfY2hpYQ==/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/Center)
![](https://img-blog.csdn.net/20171108000521465?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQvamNfY2hpYQ==/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/Center)
![](https://img-blog.csdn.net/20171108000532446?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQvamNfY2hpYQ==/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/Center)
![](https://img-blog.csdn.net/20171108000540978?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQvamNfY2hpYQ==/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/Center)
![](https://img-blog.csdn.net/20171108000745415?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQvamNfY2hpYQ==/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/Center)
![](https://img-blog.csdn.net/20171108000757660?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQvamNfY2hpYQ==/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/Center)
2,逻辑卷的扩展
mount ##将逻辑卷挂载
lvextend -L 2G /dev/vg0/lv0 ##将设备扩大
resize2fs /dev/vg0/vg0-lv0 ##扩展内容
dh -h ##进行查看
![](https://img-blog.csdn.net/20171108000815277?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQvamNfY2hpYQ==/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/Center)
![](https://img-blog.csdn.net/20171108000826627?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQvamNfY2hpYQ==/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/Center)
3,逻辑卷的缩减
umount##取消挂载
resize2fs /dev/vg0/lv0 1024M##缩减内容
lvreduce -L 1G /dev/vg0/lv0##缩减设备
mount##挂载
![](https://img-blog.csdn.net/20171108000846085?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQvamNfY2hpYQ==/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/Center)
![](https://img-blog.csdn.net/20171108000858665?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQvamNfY2hpYQ==/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/Center)
![](https://img-blog.csdn.net/20171108000920168?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQvamNfY2hpYQ==/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/Center)
内核防火墙
一:
在内核防火墙开启时,将文件移动到到html发布目录/var/www/html:
解决方法:进行标签的修改
![](https://img-blog.csdn.net/20171108000957493?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQvamNfY2hpYQ==/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/Center)
二:
不关闭内核防火墙,更改其标签,即可lftp访问
![](https://img-blog.csdn.net/20171108001023070?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQvamNfY2hpYQ==/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/Center)
![](https://img-blog.csdn.net/20171108001032485?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQvamNfY2hpYQ==/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/Center)
三:
不关闭内核防火墙,更改安全上下文,可以允许匿名用户写入
![](https://img-blog.csdn.net/20171108001102289?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQvamNfY2hpYQ==/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/Center)
![](https://img-blog.csdn.net/20171108001117781?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQvamNfY2hpYQ==/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/Center)
![](https://img-blog.csdn.net/20171108001127326?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQvamNfY2hpYQ==/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/Center)
![](https://img-blog.csdn.net/20171108001136667?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQvamNfY2hpYQ==/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/Center)
搭建数据库
![](https://img-blog.csdn.net/20171108001153485?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQvamNfY2hpYQ==/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/Center)
![](https://img-blog.csdn.net/20171108001211794?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQvamNfY2hpYQ==/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/Center)
![](https://img-blog.csdn.net/20171108001223275?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQvamNfY2hpYQ==/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/Center)
![](https://img-blog.csdn.net/20171108001235923?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQvamNfY2hpYQ==/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/Center)
![](https://img-blog.csdn.net/20171108001255013?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQvamNfY2hpYQ==/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/Center)
![](https://img-blog.csdn.net/20171108001304755?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQvamNfY2hpYQ==/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/Center)
![](https://img-blog.csdn.net/20171108001316887?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQvamNfY2hpYQ==/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/Center)
![](https://img-blog.csdn.net/20171108001337093?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQvamNfY2hpYQ==/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/Center)
![](https://img-blog.csdn.net/20171108001351389?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQvamNfY2hpYQ==/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/Center)
![](https://img-blog.csdn.net/20171108001411039?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQvamNfY2hpYQ==/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/Center)
![](https://img-blog.csdn.net/20171108001532190?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQvamNfY2hpYQ==/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/Center)
软链接:指向性文件,若源文件删除,则无法查看
软链接的建立:
ln -s 文件 文件名.link
硬链接:指向性文件,若源文件删除,可继续查看
硬链接的建立:
ln 文件 文件名.hard
磁盘
1,磁盘的分区划分
fdisk /dev/vdb : ##打开磁盘b
n #添加分区
p #添加一个主分区
##最多可以有3个分区和1个扩展分区
wq ##退出保存
partprobe ##同步分区记录表
2,创建swap交换分区
fdisk /dev/vdb : ##打开磁盘b
t #改变分区类型
82 #改变为swap类型
partprobe ##同步分区记录表
mkswap /dev/vdb1 ##将分区格式化
临时激活swap分区:
swapon -a /dev/vdb1
永久激活swap分区:
带开配置文件vim /etc/fstab:
init6 重启
swapon -s 查看是否激活
3,磁盘的加密
cryptsetup luksFormat /dev/vdb2 ##加密分区/vdb2并设置密码
cryptsetup open /dev/vdb2 guo ##打开分区
mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/guo ##将分区格式化为ext4格式
mount ##登陆密码实现挂载
LVM逻辑卷
1,建立lvm格式
fdisk /dev/vdb ##打开磁盘b
t ##改变分区类型
8e ##改为LVM格式
wq ##保存推出
partprobe ##同步分区记录表
pvcreate /dev/vdb{3,5,6} ##生成物理卷
vgcreate vg0 /dev/vdb{3,5,6} ##生成物理卷组
lvcreate -n lv0 -L 1.5G vg0 ##生成1.5G逻辑卷
mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/vg0-lv0 ##将逻辑卷格式化
2,逻辑卷的扩展
mount ##将逻辑卷挂载
lvextend -L 2G /dev/vg0/lv0 ##将设备扩大
resize2fs /dev/vg0/vg0-lv0 ##扩展内容
dh -h ##进行查看
3,逻辑卷的缩减
umount##取消挂载
resize2fs /dev/vg0/lv0 1024M##缩减内容
lvreduce -L 1G /dev/vg0/lv0##缩减设备
mount##挂载
内核防火墙
一:
在内核防火墙开启时,将文件移动到到html发布目录/var/www/html:
解决方法:进行标签的修改
二:
不关闭内核防火墙,更改其标签,即可lftp访问
三:
不关闭内核防火墙,更改安全上下文,可以允许匿名用户写入
搭建数据库
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