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Java 集合深入理解(12):古老的 Vector

2017-10-31 09:54 495 查看
都说 Vector 是线程安全的 ArrayList,今天来根据源码看看是不是这么相似。

什么是 Vector

Vector 和 ArrayList 一样,都是继承自 AbstractList。它是Stack 的父类。英文的意思是 “矢量”。

Vector 成员变量

1.底层也是个数组
protected Object[] elementData;
2.数组元素个数,为啥不就叫 size 呢?奇怪
protected int elementCount;
3.扩容时增长数量,允许用户自己设置。如果这个值是 0 或者 负数,扩容时会扩大 2 倍,而不是 1.5
protected int capacityIncrement;
4.默认容量
private static final int DEFAULT_SIZE = 10;

Vector 的 4 种构造方法

//创建默认容量 10 的数组,同时增长量为 0
public Vector() {
this(DEFAULT_SIZE, 0);
}
//创建一个用户指定容量的数组,同时增长量为 0
public Vector(int capacity) {
this(capacity, 0);
}
//创建指定容量大小的数组,设置增长量。如果增长量为 非正数,扩容时会扩大两倍
public Vector(int capacity, int capacityIncrement) {
if (capacity < 0) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("capacity < 0: " + capacity);
}
elementData = newElementArray(capacity);
elementCount = 0;
this.capacityIncrement = capacityIncrement;
}
//创建一个包含指定集合的数组
public Vector(Collection<? extends E> c) {
//转成数组,赋值
elementData = c.toArray();
elementCount = elementData.length;
// c.toArray might (incorrectly) not return Object[] (see 6260652)
//可能有这个神奇的 bug,用 Arrays.copyOf 重新创建、复制
if (elementData.getClass() != Object[].class)elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, elementCount, Object[].class);}
一个内部方法,返回一个新数组:
private E[] newElementArray(int size) {return (E[]) new Object[size];}

Vector 的成员方法

1.先来看 JDK 7 中 Vector 的 3 种扩容方式:

//根据指定的容量进行扩容
private void grow(int newCapacity) {
//创建个指定容量的新数组,这里假设指定的容量比当前数组元素个数多
E[] newData = newElementArray(newCapacity);
//把当前数组复制到新创建的数组
System.arraycopy(elementData, 0, newData, 0, elementCount);
//当前数组指向新数组
elementData = newData;}
//默认增长一倍的扩容
private void growByOne() {int adding = 0;
//扩容量 capacityIncrement 不大于 0,就增长一倍
if (capacityIncrement <= 0) {if ((adding = elementData.length) == 0) {adding = 1;}} else {
//否则按扩容量走
adding = capacityIncrement;}
//创建个新数组,大小为当前容量加上 adding
E[] newData = newElementArray(elementData.length + adding);
//复制,赋值
System.arraycopy(elementData, 0, newData, 0, elementCount);elementData = newData;}
//指定默认扩容数量的扩容
private void growBy(int required) {int adding = 0;
//扩容量 capacityIncrement 不大于 0
if (capacityIncrement <= 0) {
//如果当前数组内没有元素,就按指定的数量扩容
if ((adding = elementData.length) == 0) {adding = required;}
//增加扩容数量到 指定的以上
while (adding < required) {adding += adding;}} else {
//扩容量大于 0 ,还是按指定的扩容数量走啊
adding = (required / capacityIncrement) * capacityIncrement;
//不过也可能出现偏差,因为是 int 做除法,所以扩容值至少是 指定扩容量的一倍以上
if (adding < required) {adding += capacityIncrement;}}
//创建,复制,赋值一条龙
E[] newData = newElementArray(elementData.length + adding);System.arraycopy(elementData, 0, newData, 0, elementCount);elementData = newData;}

2.(我能说一开始看错了,看成 JDK7 的了吗 - -)再来看JDK 8 中的扩容机制,变成一种了:

//扩容,传入最小容量,跟 ArrayList.grow(int) 很相似,只是扩大量不同
private void grow(int minCapacity) {int oldCapacity = elementData.length;
//如果增长量 capacityIncrement 不大于 0 ,就扩容 2 倍
int newCapacity = oldCapacity + ((capacityIncrement > 0) ?capacityIncrement : oldCapacity);if (newCapacity - minCapacity < 0)newCapacity = minCapacity;if (newCapacity - MAX_ARRAY_SIZE > 0)newCapacity = hugeCapacity(minCapacity);//elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, newCapacity);}private static int hugeCapacity(int minCapacity) {if (minCapacity < 0) // overflowthrow new OutOfMemoryError();return (minCapacity > MAX_ARRAY_SIZE) ?Integer.MAX_VALUE :MAX_ARRAY_SIZE;}

3.Vector中的 5 种添加元素的方法

//扩容前兆,检查数量
private void ensureCapacityHelper(int minCapacity) {if (minCapacity - elementData.length > 0)grow(minCapacity);}
//在指定位置插入一个元素,同步的
public synchronized void insertElementAt(E obj, int index) {modCount++;if (index > elementCount) {throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException(index+ " > " + elementCount);}ensureCapacityHelper(elementCount + 1);
//扩容后就把插入点后面的元素统一后移一位
System.arraycopy(elementData, index, elementData, index + 1, elementCount - index);//赋值elementData[index] = obj;elementCount++;}
//尾部插入元素,同步的
public synchronized void addElement(E obj) {modCount++;ensureCapacityHelper(elementCount + 1);elementData[elementCount++] = obj;}public void add(int index, E element) {insertElementAt(element, index);}//添加一个集合到尾部,同步的public synchronized boolean addAll(Collection<? extends E> c) {modCount++;//转成数组Object[] a = c.toArray();int numNew = a.length;//扩容,复制到数组后面ensureCapacityHelper(elementCount + numNew);System.arraycopy(a, 0, elementData, elementCount, numNew);elementCount += numNew;return numNew != 0;}//添加一个结合到指定位置,同步的public synchronized boolean addAll(int index, Collection<? extends E> c) {modCount++;if (index < 0 || index > elementCount)throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException(index);Object[] a = c.toArray();int numNew = a.length;ensureCapacityHelper(elementCount + numNew);//要移动多少个元素int numMoved = elementCount - index;if (numMoved > 0)//把插入位置后面的元素后移这么多位System.arraycopy(elementData, index, elementData, index + numNew,numMoved);//复制元素到数组中System.arraycopy(a, 0, elementData, index, numNew);elementCount += numNew;return numNew != 0;}
最后还有个 ListIterator 的添加方法
    public void add(E e) {int i = cursor;synchronized (Vector.this) {checkForComodification();Vector.this.add(i, e);expectedModCount = modCount;}cursor = i + 1;lastRet = -1;}

4.Vector 中的 9 种删除方法

//删除指定位置的元素,同步的public synchronized void removeElementAt(int index) {modCount++;if (index >= elementCount) {throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException(index + " >= " +elementCount);}else if (index < 0) {throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException(index);}int j = elementCount - index - 1;if (j > 0) {//把删除位置后面的元素往前移一位System.arraycopy(elementData, index + 1, elementData, index, j);}elementCount--;//最后多余的一位置为 nullelementData[elementCount] = null; /* to let gc do its work */}//删除指定元素,同步的public synchronized boolean removeElement(Object obj) {modCount++;int i = indexOf(obj);if (i >= 0) {removeElementAt(i);return true;}return false;}E elementData(int index) {return (E) elementData[index];}//删除指定位置的元素public synchronized E remove(int index) {modCount++;if (index >= elementCount)throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException(index);E oldValue = elementData(index);//找到删除该元素后,后面有多少位元素需要前移一位int numMoved = elementCount - index - 1;if (numMoved > 0)//迁移一位System.arraycopy(elementData, index+1, elementData, index,numMoved);//最后一位置为 null,不浪费空间elementData[--elementCount] = null; // Let gc do its workreturn oldValue;}public boolean remove(Object o) {return removeElement(o);}//删除指定集合的所有元素,同步的public synchronized boolean removeAll(Collection<?> c) {//直接调用 AbstractCollection 的 removeAll 方法,用迭代器挨个删除return super.removeAll(c);}//删除所有元素,同步的public synchronized void removeAllElements() {modCount++;// 挨个置为空,Let gc do its workfor (int i = 0; i < elementCount; i++)elementData[i] = null;elementCount = 0;}//删除指定范围的元素,同步的protected synchronized void removeRange(int fromIndex, int toIndex) {modCount++;//把结束位置以后的元素向前移动 指定数量个位置,覆盖int numMoved = elementCount - toIndex;System.arraycopy(elementData, toIndex, elementData, fromIndex,numMoved);// 把多余的位置置为 nullint newElementCount = elementCount - (toIndex-fromIndex);while (elementCount != newElementCount)elementData[--elementCount] = null;}//排除异己,同步的public synchronized boolean retainAll(Collection<?> c) {return super.retainAll(c);}//JDK 1.8 新增的public synchronized boolean removeIf(Predicate<? super E> filter) {Objects.requireNonNull(filter);// 将要删除的内容加入 removeSetint removeCount = 0;final int size = elementCount;final BitSet removeSet = new BitSet(size);final int expectedModCount = modCount;for (int i=0; modCount == expectedModCount && i < size; i++) {@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")final E element = (E) elementData[i];if (filter.test(element)) {removeSet.set(i);removeCount++;}}if (modCount != expectedModCount) {throw new ConcurrentModificationException();}
// 遍历,删除
final boolean anyToRemove = removeCount > 0;if (anyToRemove) {final int newSize = size - removeCount;for (int i=0, j=0; (i < size) && (j < newSize); i++, j++) {i = removeSet.nextClearBit(i);elementData[j] = elementData[i];}for (int k=newSize; k < size; k++) {elementData[k] = null;  // Let gc do its work}elementCount = newSize;if (modCount != expectedModCount) {throw new ConcurrentModificationException();}modCount++;}return anyToRemove;}
写“同步的”写的手抽筋,还是统计不是同步的方法吧 - -。

5. Vector 中的修改方法

//修改指定位置为指定元素
public synchronized E set(int index, E element) {if (index >= elementCount)throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException(index);//找到这个元素,直接设置新值E oldValue = elementData(index);elementData[index] = element;return oldValue;}//修改指定位置为指定元素public synchronized void setElementAt(E obj, int index) {if (index >= elementCount) {throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException(index + " >= " +elementCount);}//数组就是方便,直接更新就好了elementData[index] = obj;}//修改数组容量public synchronized void setSize(int newSize) {modCount++;//元素个数超出容量就要扩容if (newSize > elementCount) {ensureCapacityHelper(newSize);} else {//新增 elementCount - newSize 个元素for (int i = newSize ; i < elementCount ; i++) {elementData[i] = null;}}elementCount = newSize;}//排序,修改顺序public synchronized void sort(Comparator<? super E> c) {final int expectedModCount = modCount;//用的是 Arrays.sortArrays.sort((E[]) elementData, 0, elementCount, c);if (modCount != expectedModCount) {throw new ConcurrentModificationException();}modCount++;}//缩小数组容量,减少占用资源public synchronized void trimToSize() {modCount++;int oldCapacity = elementData.length;if (elementCount < oldCapacity) {//新建个小点的数组,赋值elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, elementCount);}}

6. Vector 中的查询

//查找 o 从指定位置 index 开始第一次出现的位置public synchronized int indexOf(Object o, int index) {if (o == null) {for (int i = index ; i < elementCount ; i++)if (elementData[i]==null)return i;} else {for (int i = index ; i < elementCount ; i++)if (o.equals(elementData[i]))return i;}return -1;}//查找 o 在数组中首次出现的位置public int indexOf(Object o) {return indexOf(o, 0);}//是否包含 Opublic boolean contains(Object o) {return indexOf(o, 0) >= 0;}//是否包含整个集合public synchronized boolean containsAll(Collection<?> c) {//调用 AbstractCollection 的方法,使用迭代器挨个遍历查找,两重循环return super.containsAll(c);}//第一个元素,其实提供了 get() 方法就够了public synchronized E firstElement() {if (elementCount == 0) {throw new NoSuchElementException();}return elementData(0);}//最后一个元素,其实提供了 get() 方法就够了public synchronized E lastElement() {if (elementCount == 0) {throw new NoSuchElementException();}return elementData(elementCount - 1);}public synchronized boolean isEmpty() {return elementCount == 0;}//实际包含元素个数public synchronized int size() {return elementCount;}//数组大小,>= 元素个数public synchronized int capacity() {return elementData.length;}

7. Vector 也可以转成数组

public synchronized Object[] toArray() {return Arrays.copyOf(elementData, elementCount);}//跟 ArrayList 简直一样public synchronized <T> T[] toArray(T[] a) {if (a.length < elementCount)return (T[]) Arrays.copyOf(elementData, elementCount, a.getClass());System.arraycopy(elementData, 0, a, 0, elementCount);if (a.length > elementCount)a[elementCount] = null;return a;}

8. Vector 中的迭代器

普通迭代器 Iterator:
public synchronized Iterator<E> iterator() {return new Itr();}private class Itr implements Iterator<E> {int cursor;       // index of next element to returnint lastRet = -1; // index of last element returned; -1 if no suchint expectedModCount = modCount;public boolean hasNext() {// 调用 next() 前的检查return cursor != elementCount;}public E next() {//注意了,Vector 连迭代器的方法也加了同步synchronized (Vector.this) {checkForComodification();int i = cursor;if (i >= elementCount)throw new NoSuchElementException();cursor = i + 1;return elementData(lastRet = i);}}public void remove() {if (lastRet == -1)throw new IllegalStateException();//注意了,Vector 连迭代器的方法也加了同步synchronized (Vector.this) {checkForComodification();Vector.this.remove(lastRet);expectedModCount = modCount;}cursor = lastRet;lastRet = -1;}//大概看下这个 1.8 的方法@Overridepublic void forEachRemaining(Consumer<? super E> action) {Objects.requireNonNull(action);synchronized (Vector.this) {final int size = elementCount;int i = cursor;if (i >= size) {return;}@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")final E[] elementData = (E[]) Vector.this.elementData;if (i >= elementData.length) {throw new ConcurrentModificationException();}while (i != size && modCount == expectedModCount) {action.accept(elementData[i++]);}// update once at end of iteration to reduce heap write trafficcursor = i;lastRet = i - 1;checkForComodification();}}final void checkForComodification() {if (modCount != expectedModCount)throw new ConcurrentModificationException();}}
ListIterator:
public synchronized ListIterator<E> listIterator(int index) {if (index < 0 || index > elementCount)throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("Index: "+index);return new ListItr(index);}final class ListItr extends Itr implements ListIterator<E> {ListItr(int index) {super();cursor = index;}public boolean hasPrevious() {return cursor != 0;}public int nextIndex() {return cursor;}public int previousIndex() {return cursor - 1;}public E previous() {synchronized (Vector.this) {checkForComodification();int i = cursor - 1;if (i < 0)throw new NoSuchElementException();cursor = i;return elementData(lastRet = i);}}public void set(E e) {if (lastRet == -1)throw new IllegalStateException();synchronized (Vector.this) {checkForComodification();Vector.this.set(lastRet, e);}}public void add(E e) {int i = cursor;synchronized (Vector.this) {checkForComodification();Vector.this.add(i, e);expectedModCount = modCount;}cursor = i + 1;lastRet = -1;}}//1.8 新增的略过。。。//还多了个 sort 方法,自己传入的集合需要实现比较器@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")@Overridepublic synchronized void sort(Comparator<? super E> c) {final int expectedModCount = modCount;Arrays.sort((E[]) elementData, 0, elementCount, c);if (modCount != expectedModCount) {throw new ConcurrentModificationException();}modCount++;}
Vector 还支持 Enumeration 迭代:
public Enumeration<E> elements() {return new Enumeration<E>() {int count = 0;public boolean hasMoreElements() {return count < elementCount;}public E nextElement() {synchronized (Vector.this) {if (count < elementCount) {return elementData(count++);}}throw new NoSuchElementException("Vector Enumeration");}};}

总结

Vector 特点

底层由一个可以增长的数组组成Vector 通过 capacity (容量) 和 capacityIncrement (增长数量) 来尽量少的占用空间扩容时默认扩大两倍最好在插入大量元素前增加 vector 容量,那样可以减少重新申请内存的次数通过 iterator 和 lastIterator 获得的迭代器是 fail-fast 的通过 elements 获得的老版迭代器 Enumeration 不是 fail-fast 的同步类,每个方法前都有同步锁 synchronized在 JDK 2.0 以后,经过优化,Vector 也加入了 Java 集合框架大家族

Vector VS ArrayList

共同点:都是基于数组都支持随机访问默认容量都是 10都有扩容机制区别:Vector 出生的比较早,JDK 1.0 就出生了,ArrayList JDK 1.2 才出来Vector 比 ArrayList 多一种迭代器 EnumerationVector 是线程安全的,ArrayList 不是Vector 默认扩容 2 倍,ArrayList 是 1.5如果没有线程安全的需求,一般推荐使用 ArrayList,而不是 Vector,因为每次都要获取锁,效率太低。
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