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Android中使用GPS和NetWork获取定位信息

2017-10-11 08:12 513 查看

在Android中定位是属于危险权限，需要在添加Mainfest.xml中添加。

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" />

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如果在Android6.0级以上系统，需要动态的申请权限，也可以使用封装好权限管理库。

定位的几种方式

在Android系统当中，给我们提供了四种定位方式，分别是：

network

它是依靠信号塔或WiFi来定位的。对应的provider字段是LocationManager.NETWORK_PROVIDER，是一种低精度，低耗电的初略定位方式。

gps

它是依靠GPS来定位的。对应的provider字段是LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER，是高精度，高耗电的精准定位方式。

passive

被动的获取定位信息，通过接受其他APP或service的定位信息。不过需要这个权限ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION。

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" />

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fused

Google已经将这个定位方式hide了。

获取定位的api封装

public class LocationUtils {

private static final long REFRESH_TIME = 5000L;
private static final float METER_POSITION = 0.0f;
private static ILocationListener mLocationListener;
private static LocationListener listener = new MyLocationListener();

private static class MyLocationListener implements LocationListener {
@Override
public void onLocationChanged(Location location) {//定位改变监听
if (mLocationListener != null) {
mLocationListener.onSuccessLocation(location);
}
}

@Override
public void onStatusChanged(String provider, int status, Bundle extras) {//定位状态监听

}

@Override
public void onProviderEnabled(String provider) {//定位状态可用监听

}

@Override
public void onProviderDisabled(String provider) {//定位状态不可用监听

}
}

/**
* GPS获取定位方式
*/
public static Location getGPSLocation(@NonNull Context context) {
Location location = null;
LocationManager manager = getLocationManager(context);
//高版本的权限检查
if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(context, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
return null;
}
if (manager.isProviderEnabled(LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER)) {//是否支持GPS定位
//获取最后的GPS定位信息，如果是第一次打开，一般会拿不到定位信息，一般可以请求监听，在有效的时间范围可以获取定位信息
location = manager.getLastKnownLocation(LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER);
}
return location;
}

/**
* network获取定位方式
*/
public static Location getNetWorkLocation(Context context) {
Location location = null;
LocationManager manager = getLocationManager(context);
//高版本的权限检查
if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(context, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
return null;
}
if (manager.isProviderEnabled(LocationManager.NETWORK_PROVIDER)) {//是否支持Network定位
//获取最后的network定位信息
location = manager.getLastKnownLocation(LocationManager.NETWORK_PROVIDER);
}
return location;
}

/**
* 获取最好的定位方式
*/
public static Location getBestLocation(Context context, Criteria criteria) {
Location location;
LocationManager manager = getLocationManager(context);
if (criteria == null) {
criteria = new Criteria();
}
String provider = manager.getBestProvider(criteria, true);
if (TextUtils.isEmpty(provider)) {
//如果找不到最适合的定位，使用network定位
location = getNetWorkLocation(context);
} else {
//高版本的权限检查
if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(context, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
&& ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(context, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
return null;
}
//获取最适合的定位方式的最后的定位权限
location = manager.getLastKnownLocation(provider);
}
return location;
}

/**
* 定位监听
*/
public static void addLocationListener(Context context, String provider, ILocationListener locationListener) {

addLocationListener(context, provider, REFRESH_TIME, METER_POSITION, locationListener);
}

/**
* 定位监听
*/
public static void addLocationListener(Context context, String provider, long time, float meter, ILocationListener locationListener) {
if (locationListener != null) {
mLocationListener = locationListener;
}
if (listener == null) {
listener = new MyLocationListener();
}
LocationManager manager = getLocationManager(context);
if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(context, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
&& ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(context, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
return;
}
manager.requestLocationUpdates(provider, time, meter, listener);
}

/**
* 取消定位监听
*/
public static void unRegisterListener(Context context) {
if (listener != null) {
LocationManager manager = getLocationManager(context);
if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(context, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
&& ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(context, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
return;
}
//移除定位监听
manager.removeUpdates(listener);
}
}

private static LocationManager getLocationManager(@NonNull Context context) {
return (LocationManager) context.getSystemService(Context.LOCATION_SERVICE);
}

/**
* 自定义接口
*/
public interface ILocationListener {
void onSuccessLocation(Location location);
}
}

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获取定位使用实例

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener {

private boolean flag;
private Button gsp_btn;
private Button network_btn;
private Button best_btn;
private static Context context;

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
context = getApplicationContext();

initView();
initListener();
}

private void initListener() {
gsp_btn.setOnClickListener(this);
network_btn.setOnClickListener(this);
best_btn.setOnClickListener(this);
}

@Override
protected void onResume() {
super.onResume();
initPermission();//针对6.0以上版本做权限适配
}

private void initView() {
gsp_btn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.gps);
network_btn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.net);
best_btn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.best);
}

private void initPermission() {
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
//检查权限
if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
|| ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
//请求权限
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, new String[]{Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION}, 1);
} else {
flag = true;
}
} else {
flag = true;
}
}

/**
* 权限的结果回调函数
*/
@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
if (requestCode == 1) {
flag = grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED && grantResults[1] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
}
}

@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
switch (v.getId()) {
case R.id.gps:
if (flag) {
getGPSLocation();
} else {
Toast.makeText(this, "no permission", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
break;
case R.id.net:
if (flag) {
getNetworkLocation();
} else {
Toast.makeText(this, "no permission", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
break;
case R.id.best:
if (flag) {
getBestLocation();
} else {
Toast.makeText(this, "no permission", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
break;
}
}

/**
* 通过GPS获取定位信息
*/
public void getGPSLocation() {
Location gps = LocationUtils.getGPSLocation(this);
if (gps == null) {
//设置定位监听，因为GPS定位，第一次进来可能获取不到，通过设置监听，可以在有效的时间范围内获取定位信息
LocationUtils.addLocationListener(context, LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER, new LocationUtils.ILocationListener() {
@Override
public void onSuccessLocation(Location location) {
if (location != null) {
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "gps onSuccessLocation location:  lat==" + location.getLatitude() + "     lng==" + location.getLongitude(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
} else {
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "gps location is null", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
});
} else {
Toast.makeText(this, "gps location: lat==" + gps.getLatitude() + "  lng==" + gps.getLongitude(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}

/**
* 通过网络等获取定位信息
*/
private void getNetworkLocation() {
Location net = LocationUtils.getNetWorkLocation(this);
if (net == null) {
Toast.makeText(this, "net location is null", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
} else {
Toast.makeText(this, "network location: lat==" + net.getLatitude() + "  lng==" + net.getLongitude(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}

/**
* 采用最好的方式获取定位信息
*/
private void getBestLocation() {
Criteria c = new Criteria();//Criteria类是设置定位的标准信息（系统会根据你的要求，匹配最适合你的定位供应商），一个定位的辅助信息的类
c.setPowerRequirement(Criteria.POWER_LOW);//设置低耗电
c.setAltitudeRequired(true);//设置需要海拔
c.setBearingAccuracy(Criteria.ACCURACY_COARSE);//设置COARSE精度标准
c.setAccuracy(Criteria.ACCURACY_LOW);//设置低精度
//... Criteria 还有其他属性，就不一一介绍了
Location best = LocationUtils.getBestLocation(this, c);
if (best == null) {
Toast.makeText(this, " best location is null", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
} else {
Toast.makeText(this, "best location: lat==" + best.getLatitude() + " lng==" + best.getLongitude(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}

}

关于GPS定位的信息还有比较多的内容，在API24中GpsStauts类过时，使用GnssStatus类替换，同时在LocationManager中的一些GPS状态的监听，也被新的API退换。

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