菜鸟学习---虚拟机添硬盘分区并挂载(对于大硬盘的分区)

最近学习分区的时候，请教了一个朋友，相对于他，我是要膜拜的，他提到了说现在在实操操作中，很少会在一块硬盘上分很多个区，现在实际生产中都是以“T”开头的，所以说我可以学习一下parted进行分区，然后在网上看了一些文档，然后结合自己的系统进行分区挂载等操作。
首先虚拟机上新添加了一个8T的硬盘，添加完成后重新启动一下虚拟机，
查看现在分区

[root@mytest ]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 64.4 GB, 64424509440 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 7832 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/sdb: 8589.9 GB, 8589934592000 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044333 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

Disk /dev/sdb: 8589.9 GB 显示我现在新添加的硬盘为8T
我现在要把这8T的硬盘进行分区 （主分区：100G 第二个分区为7.6T 第三个分区为100G）
#对/dev/sdb进行分区(8T)

[root@mytest /]# parted /dev/sdb
GNU Parted 2.1
Using /dev/sdb
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands

#因为新挂的硬盘，类似于windows下分区，把MBR格式转换为gpt格式（关于MBR格式和GPT格式的优缺点可以自己百度。)

(parted) mklabel gpt     #硬盘转换为gpt格式

(parted) mkpart primary ext4  # 划分一个100G的主分区
Start? 1
End? 100G

# 划分第二分区

(parted) mkpart
Partition name?  []?   #为了后面好分区时好分别标注类似于part1，可以直接回车
File system type?  [ext2]? #分区格式可以设置，默认是ext2,现在可以直接回车，一会要格式化
Start? 101G
End? 7700G
Warning: You requested a partition from 201MB to 7700GB.
The closest location we can manage is 200GB to 7700GB.
Is this still acceptable to you?  #是否确定这样分区
Yes/No? y   #确认 y
#划分第三个分区
(parted) mkpart
Partition name?  []?
File system type?  [ext2]?
Start? 8000G
End? 8590G
Warning: You requested a partition from 8001MB to 8590MB.
The closest location we can manage is 8000GB to 8000GB.
Is this still acceptable to you?
Yes/No? y
Warning: The resulting partition is not properly aligned for best performance.
Ignore/Cancel? i
#显示/dev/sdb下划分的分区
(parted) p
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 8590GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name     Flags
1      1049kB  100GB   100GB                primary
3      100GB   100GB   512B
2      101GB   7700GB  7599GB

#大家从上面可以看到我第三个分区是大小只有512B因为我第三个分区是从8000的位置开始，然后8590的位置结束（正常添加8T硬盘在系统中会显示7.8G实际使用空间）那么错误出来了,从7700到8000之间不是是还有300M呢。没有进么分区，那么现在我要把第三个分区删除掉重新分区。
#删除第三个分区

(parted) rm
Partition number? 3       #确认删除的分区号
(parted) p             #删除完分区后查看当前的分区
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 8590GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name     Flags
1      1049kB  100GB   100GB                primary
2      101GB   7700GB  7599GB

#刚才对第三个分区删除了，现在重新对余下的硬盘空间进行分区(从7701开始)

(parted) mkpart
Partition name?  []?
File system type?  [ext2]?
Start? 7701
End? -1   # -1 相当于到分区最后
(parted) p
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 8590GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name     Flags
1      1049kB  100GB   100GB                primary
3      100GB   101GB   1000MB
2      101GB   7700GB  7599GB

(parted) q     #已经分完区，退出分区命令
Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.  #提示不要忘记更新/etc/fstab文件

现在是对硬盘分区完成了,和windows一样,分区完成了要格式化

现在进行格式化:

[root@mytest ~]# mke2fs -t ext4 /dev/sdb1   #对第一个分区进行格式化
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
6111232 inodes, 24413696 blocks
1220684 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
746 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

#第二个分区和第三个分区格式化命令同上
现在进行持载分区:(对于挂载目录自己设置，我是在/root下新建立的alidata文件)

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 23 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
[root@mytest ~]# mkdir alidata/
[root@mytest ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /root/alidata/
查看硬盘空间(已经显示刚才挂载的)
[root@mytest ~]# df -l
Filesystem     1K-blocks    Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3       61522964 1922168  56475600   4% /
tmpfs             540092       0    540092   0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1         198337   34099    153998  19% /boot
/dev/sdb1       96120588  192176  91045676   1% /root/alidata   #可以看到已经被挂载上来
#注:可能在格式化第三个分区的时候会提示如下：
[root@mytest ~]# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb3
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)   #
mkfs.ext4: Device size reported to be zero.  Invalid partition specified, or
partition table wasn't reread after running fdisk, due to
a modified partition being busy and in use.  You may need to reboot
to re-read your partition table.
#提示分区可能出现错误，需要重新启动linux
[root@mytest ~]# reboot
[root@mytest ~]# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb3   #重启完后继续分区
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
61056 inodes, 244224 blocks
12211 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=251658240
8 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
7632 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376

Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (4096 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

到止：分区全部完成。