Linux磁盘分区与挂载

1. 以Redhat 7.2为例

1.1. 磁盘分区

1. 查看磁盘分区，可以发现sdb还没有分区。

[root@server01 ~]# fdisk -l

 

Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

 

Disk /dev/sda: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk label type: dos

Disk identifier: 0x0007263c

 

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sda1   *        2048      411647      204800   83  Linux

/dev/sda2          411648     2508799     1048576   82  Linux swap / Solaris

/dev/sda3         2508800    20971519     9231360   83  Linux

 
2. 使用parted进行分区，其中p是查看当前分区，q是退出。

[root@server01 ~]# parted /dev/sdb 

GNU Parted 3.1

Using /dev/sdb

Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.

(parted) p                                                                

Error: /dev/sdb: unrecognised disk label

Model: ATA VMware Virtual I (scsi)                                        

Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5GB

Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B

Partition Table: unknown

Disk Flags:

(parted)                                                                                                                                   

(parted) mklabel gpt                                                      

(parted) mkpart                                                           

Partition name?  []? sdb1                                                 

File system type?  [ext2]? ext4                                           

Start? 0                                                                  

End? -1                                                                   

Warning: The resulting partition is not properly aligned for best performance.

Ignore/Cancel? i                                                          

(parted)                                                                  

(parted)                                                                  

(parted) p                                                                

Model: ATA VMware Virtual I (scsi)

Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5GB

Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B

Partition Table: gpt

Disk Flags:

 

Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name  Flags

 1      17.4kB  21.5GB  21.5GB               sdb1

 

(parted) q                                                                

Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.

[root@server01 ~]#

 

3. 分区后查看

[root@server01 ~]# fdisk -l

WARNING: fdisk GPT support is currently new, and therefore in an experimental phase. Use at your own discretion.

 

Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk label type: gpt

 

#         Start          End    Size  Type            Name

 1           34     41941087     20G  Microsoft basic sdb1

 

Disk /dev/sda: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk label type: dos

Disk identifier: 0x0007263c

 

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sda1   *        2048      411647      204800   83  Linux

/dev/sda2          411648     2508799     1048576   82  Linux swap / Solaris

/dev/sda3         2508800    20971519     9231360   83  Linux

 

4. 执行partprobe或重启

[root@server01~]# partprobe

Error: Error informing the kernel about modifications to partition /dev/sdb1 -- Device or resource busy.  This means Linux won't know about any changes you made to /dev/sdb1 until you reboot -- so you shouldn't mount it or use it in any way before rebooting.

Error: Failed to add partition 1 (Device or resource busy)

[root@server01 ~]# reboot

 

1.2. 格式化

1. 分区后需要进行格式化。

[root@server01 ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1 

mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)

Filesystem label=

OS type: Linux

Block size=4096 (log=2)

Fragment size=4096 (log=2)

Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks

1310720 inodes, 5242631 blocks

262131 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user

First data block=0

Maximum filesystem blocks=2153775104

160 block groups

32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group

8192 inodes per group

Superblock backups stored on blocks:

32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,

4096000

 

Allocating group tables: done                            

Writing inode tables: done                            

Creating journal (32768 blocks): done

Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

 

1.3. 挂载

1. 方法一是直接mount，但操作系统重启后失效。

[root@server01 ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /opt/

[root@server01 ~]# df -h /opt/

Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/sdb1        20G   45M   19G   1% /opt

 

2. 方法二是编辑/etc/fstab文件，重启后仍生效。要使当前生效请执行mount -a。

#添加如下内容

/dev/sdb1  /opt  ext4  defaults  0  0

 

[root@server01 ~]# mount -a

[root@server01 ~]# df -h /opt/

Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/sdb1        20G   45M   19G   1% /opt