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Linux企业部分学习笔记一

2017-07-21 18:43 246 查看
预备
 
Linux6.5(企业版)

镜像版本:rhel-server-6.5-x86_64-dvd.iso

 

封装:

[root@foundation17 ~]# virt-manager











#配置yum源

[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel-source.repo

[root@localhost ~]# yum clean all

 

[root@localhost ~]# yum install vim openssh-clients -y

[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/udev/rules.d/

[root@localhost rules.d]# rm -f 70-persistent-net.rules

 

#配置网络

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

DEVICE="eth0"

BOOTPROTO="dhcp"

ONBOOT="yes"

#IPADDR=172.25.X.X

#PREFIX=24

 

#解析

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/hosts

 

[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/ssh/

[root@localhost ssh]# rm -f ssh_host_*

[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/sysconfig/

[root@localhost sysconfig]# rm -f ip

[root@localhost sysconfig]# rm -f iptables

[root@localhost sysconfig]# chkconfig iptables off

 

#修改selinux

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/selinux

SELINUX=disabled

 

 

安装虚拟机:

 

[root@foundation17 ~]# cd /var/lib/libvirt/images

[root@foundation17 images]# qemu-img create -f qcow2 -b base.qcow2 vm1


 

#修改Hostname

 

#配置yum源

[root@server1 ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel-source.repo

[root@server1 ~]# yum clean all

 

 

#配置网络

[root@server1 ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

DEVICE="eth0"

BOOTPROTO="static"

ONBOOT="yes"

IPADDR=172.25.X.X

PREFIX=24

 

#重启网络

[root@server1 ~]# /etc/init.d/network restart

 

 

 

Varnish
 
[SERVER1][/b]
 
#安装varnish
[root@server1 ~]# yum install varnish-3.0.5-1.el6.x86_64.rpm varnish-libs-3.0.5-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

 

#配置varnish

[root@server1 ~]# cd /etc/varnish/

[root@server1 varnish]# vim default.vcl

 

acl westos {

"127.0.0.1";

"172.25.17.0"/24;

}

 

#定义多个不同域名站点的后端服务器

backend web1 {

  .host = "172.25.17.2";
#主机地址

  .port = "80"; #端口

}

backend web2 {

  .host = "172.25.17.3";

  .port = "80";

}

 

#定义负载均衡

director lb round-robin {
#把多个后端聚合为一个组,并检测后端健康状况

{ .backend = web1; }

{ .backend = web2; }

}

 

#bansys
的http工作模式需要对 varnish做以下设置:

sub vcl_recv {

 

if (req.request == "BAN") {

if (!client.ip ~ westos) {

error 405 "Not allowed.";

}

ban("req.url ~ " + req.url);

error 200 "ban added";

}

 

#当访问
www.westos.org 域名通过负载均衡lb取数据时,访问bbs.westos.org
域名时到web1 取数据,访问其他页面报错404。

if (req.http.host ~ "^(www.)?westos.org") {

set req.http.host = "www.westos.org";

set req.backend = lb;

#return (pass); #不进行缓存

} elsif (req.http.host ~ "^bbs.westos.org") {

set req.backend = web1;

} else {error 404 "westos cache";

}

}

 

#查看缓存命中情况

sub vcl_deliver {

if (obj.hits > 0) {

set resp.http.X-Cache = "HIT from westos cache";
#命中

}

else {

set resp.http.X-Cache = "MISS from westos cache"; #未命中

}

return (deliver);

}

 

[root@server1 ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/varnish

VARBISH_LISTEN_PORT=80

 

[root@server1 varnish]# /etc/init.d/varnish reload#(不关闭服务)重启服务

 

 

[SERVER2]

 

[root@server2 ~]# yum install httpd -y
[root@server2 ~]# /etc/init.d/httpd start
 
[root@server2 ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf#配置http
 990 NameVirtualHost *:80
 
1011 <VirtualHost *:80>
1012     DocumentRoot /var/www/html
1013     ServerName server2
1014 </VirtualHost>
1015
1016 <VirtualHost *:80>
1017     DocumentRoot /www/bbs
1018     ServerName bbs.westos.org
1019 </VirtualHost>
1020
1021 <VirtualHost *:80>
1022     DocumentRoot /www/westos
1023     ServerName www.westos.org
1024 </VirtualHost>
 
[root@server2 ~]# mkdir /www/bbs -p
[root@server2 ~]# mkdir /www/westos
[root@server2 ~]# cd /www/bbs/
[root@server2 bbs]# vim index.html
[root@server2 bbs]# cat index.html
<h1>bbs.westos.org</h1>
[root@server2 bbs]# cd ..
[root@server2 www]# cd westos/
[root@server2 westos]# vim index.html
[root@server2 westos]# cat index.html
<h1>server2:www.westos.org</h1>
 
[root@server2 ~]# vim /etc/hosts
#解析
172.25.17.1     server1
172.25.17.2     server2 bbs.westos.org www.westos.org
 
 
[SERVER3]

 

[root@server3 ~]# yum install httpd -y
[root@server3 ~]# /etc/init.d/httpd start
[root@server3 ~]# cd /var/www/html/
[root@server3 html]# vim index.html
[root@server3 html]# cat index.html
<h1>server3:www.westos.org</h1>
 
 
[测试]
 
#测试缓存命中 [root@server1 ~]# curl -I IP/域名
 
[root@server1 ~]# curl -I www.westos.org
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: Apache/2.2.15 (Red Hat)
Last-Modified: Tue, 18 Jul 2017 09:01:39 GMT
ETag: "df2e3-20-55493c37406c1"
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
Content-Length: 32
Accept-Ranges: bytes
Date: Thu, 20 Jul 2017 02:37:12 GMT
X-Varnish: 1453255801
Age: 0
Via: 1.1 varnish
Connection: keep-alive
X-Cache: MISS from westos cache
#缓存未命中
 
[root@server1 ~]# curl -I www.westos.org
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: Apache/2.2.15 (Red Hat)
Last-Modified: Tue, 18 Jul 2017 09:01:39 GMT
ETag: "df2e3-20-55493c37406c1"
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
Content-Length: 32
Accept-Ranges: bytes
Date: Thu, 20 Jul 2017 02:37:13 GMT
X-Varnish: 1453255802 1453255801
Age: 1
Via: 1.1 varnish
Connection: keep-alive
X-Cache: HIT from westos cache
#缓存命中
 
 
#清除缓存
[root@server1 ~]# varnishadm ban.url .*$#清除所有
[root@server1 ~]# varnishadm ban.url /index.html #清除index.html
页面缓存
[root@server1 ~]# varnishadm ban.url /admin/$#清除
admin目录缓存
 
#测试轮询
[root@foundation17 ~]# curl www.westos.org
<h1>server2:www.westos.org</h1>
[root@server1 ~]# varnishadm ban.url .*$
[root@foundation17 ~]# curl www.westos.org
<h1>server3:www.westos.org</h1>
[root@server1 ~]# varnishadm ban.url .*$
[root@foundation17 ~]# curl www.westos.org
<h1>server2:www.westos.org</h1>
 
 
 
[varnish
推送平台]

 
#安装uzip
[root@server1 ~]# yum install uzip -y
[root@server1 ~]# unzip bansys.zip -d /var/www/html
 
#安装php支持
[root@server1 ~]# yum install php -y
 
[root@server1 ~]# /etc/init.d/httpd start
 
#编辑php
[root@server1 mnt]# cd /var/www/html/
[root@server1 html]# cd bansys/
[root@server1 bansys]# mv * ..
#移动当前目录所有内容到上一级目录
[root@server1 bansys]# cd ..
#返回上级目录
[root@server1 html]# rm -fr bansys/
[root@server1 html]# vim config.php
 //varnish主机列表
 //可定义多个主机列表
 $var_group1 = array(
                        'host' => array('172.25.17.1',),
                                                'port'=>'80',                                 
                    );
 
 //varnish群组定义
 //对主机列表进行绑定
 $VAR_CLUSTER = array(
                         'www.westos.org' => $var_group1,
                     );
 
 //varnish版本
 //2.x和3.x推送命令不一样
 $VAR_VERSION = "3";
 
?>
 
[root@server1 ~]# vim /etc/varnish/default.vcl
[SERVER1]

#bansys
的http工作模式需要对 varnish做以下设置:

 

[root@server1 ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

136 Listen 8080
[root@server1 ~]# /etc/init.d/httpd restart
 
浏览器访问:
172.25.17.1:8080 #推送页面







www.westos.org/index.html #测试页
 
 
 
Nginx
 
#安装Nginx
[root@server1 ~]# tar zxf nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz
 
#建立nginx用户
[root@server1 ~]# useradd -M -d /usr/local/lnmp/nginx/ -s /sbin/nologin -u 1000 nginx
[root@server1 ~]# id nginx
uid=1000(nginx) gid=1000(nginx) groups=1000(nginx)
 
#隐藏版本
[root@server1 ~]# cd nginx-1.12.0/src/core/
[root@server1 core]# vim nginx.h
 
 14 #define NGINX_VER          "nginx"
 
#禁止debug
[root@server1 ~]# cd nginx-1.12.0/auto/cc/
[root@server1 cc]# vim gcc
172 #CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -g"
#注释掉这行,去掉debug模式编译,编译以后程序只有几百k
 
[root@server1 nginx-1.12.0]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/lnmp/nginx/ --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-threads --with-file-aio --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_status_module

[root@server1 nginx-1.12.0]# yum install -y pcre-devel openssl-devel

[root@server1 nginx-1.12.0]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/lnmp/nginx/ --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-threads --with-file-aio --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_status_module

[root@server1 nginx-1.12.0]# make && make install

 

#运行

[root@server1 nginx]# cd sbin/

[root@server1 sbin]# ./nginx

[root@server1 sbin]# ln -s /usr/local/lnmp/nginx/sbin/nginx /sbin/#软链接 可以在任意目录下执行

 

[root@server1 sbin]# curl localhost -I

HTTP/1.1 200 OK

Server: nginx

Date: Thu, 20 Jul 2017 03:48:27 GMT

Content-Type: text/html

Content-Length: 612

Last-Modified: Wed, 19 Jul 2017 05:48:52 GMT

Connection: keep-alive

ETag: "596ef2c4-264"

Accept-Ranges: bytes

 

#配置nginx

[root@server1 ~]# cd /usr/local/lnmp/nginx/conf/

[root@server1 conf]# vim nginx.conf

  3 worker_processes  2; #指定工作衍生进程数

  4

  5 worker_cpu_affinity 01 10;
#CPU和进程绑定

 14 events {

 15     worker_connections  65535;
#允许的连接数

 16 }

 

 

 

[root@server1 conf]# vim /etc/security/limits.conf

 52 nginx           -       nofile          65535

 

[root@server1 conf]# usermod -s /bin/bash nginx

[root@server1 conf]# su - nginx

-bash-4.1$ ulimit -a

core file size          (blocks, -c) 0

data seg size           (kbytes, -d) unlimited

scheduling priority             (-e) 0

file size               (blocks, -f) unlimited

pending signals                 (-i) 14867

max locked memory       (kbytes, -l) 64

max memory size         (kbytes, -m) unlimited

open files                      (-n) 65535#修改成功

pipe size            (512 bytes, -p) 8

POSIX message queues     (bytes, -q) 819200

real-time priority              (-r) 0

stack size              (kbytes, -s) 10240

cpu time               (seconds, -t) unlimited

max user processes              (-u) 1024

virtual memory          (kbytes, -v) unlimited

file locks                      (-x) unlimited

-bash-4.1$ exit

logout

[root@server1 conf]# usermod -s /sbin/nologin nginx

 

#配置nginx

[root@server1 conf]# vim nginx.conf

server { #设置虚拟主机

        listen 80;

        server_name www.westos.org;

        location / {

                root /web1;

                index index.html;

 }

 

[root@server1 conf]# nginx -t
#检测语法错误

nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/lnmp/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok

nginx: configuration file /usr/local/lnmp/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful

[root@server1 conf]# nginx -s reload
##重启nginx服务

[root@server1 conf]# mkdir /web1

[root@server1 conf]# cd /web1/

[root@server1 web1]# vim index.html

[root@server1 web1]# cat index.html

<h1>Nginx:WWW.WESTOS.ORG</h1>

 

浏览器访问:

172.25.17.1






www.westos.org

 


 

[认证证书]

 

#配置nginx

[root@server1 conf]# vim nginx.conf

server {

        listen       443 ssl;

        server_name  localhost;

 

        ssl_certificate      cert.pem; #需要手工生成

        ssl_certificate_key  cert.pem;

 

        ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;

        ssl_session_timeout  5m;

 

        ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;

        ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;

 

        location / {

            root   /web1;

            index  index.html index.htm;

 }

 

[root@server1 conf]# /etc/pki/tls/private/

[root@server1 private]# openssl genrsa 2048 > locakhost.key

[root@server1 tls]# cd certs/

[root@server1 certs]# make cert.pem

[root@server1 certs]# mv cert.pem /usr/local/lnmp/nginx/conf/

[root@server1 certs]# cd /usr/local/lnmp/nginx/conf

[root@server1 conf]# nginx -t

[root@server1 conf]# nginx -s reload

[root@server1 conf]# netstat -antlp
#查看443端口是否开启

 

浏览器访问:

https://172.25.17.1 


 

[查看Nginx状态]

 

#配置nginx

[root@server1 conf]# vim nginx.conf

        location /status {

                stub_status on;

                access_log off;

                allow 127.0.0.1;
#允许本机

                deny all;
#禁止其他主机

        }

 

[root@server1 conf]# curl localhost/status

 

 

[地址重写]

 

#配置nginx

[root@server1 conf]# vim nginx.conf

server {

        listen 80;

        server_name www.westos.org;

 

        rewrite ^(.*)$ https://www.westos.org$1 permanent;#永久重写

#       rewrite ^(.*)$ https://www.westos.org$1 redirect; #临时重写

}

 

[root@server1 conf]# cd /web1/

[root@server1 conf]# mkdir admin

[root@server1 admin]# vim index.html

[root@server1 admin]# cat index.html

<h1>admin page</h1>

 

浏览器访问:

www.westos.org









www.westos.org/admin

 


 

[负载均衡]

 

#配置nginx

[root@server1 conf]# vim nginx.conf

http { #要写在http下

 

        upstream westos {

        #ip_hash; #hash算法

        server 172.25.17.2:80 weight=2;
#weight-权重

        server 172.25.17.3:8080;

        server 127.0.0.1:8000 backup; #若172.25.17.2和
172.25.172.3均挂掉,则执行这条指令

        }

 

 

server {

        listen 80;

        server_name www.westos.org;

 

#       rewrite ^(.*)$ https://www.westos.org$1 permanent;

#       rewrite ^(.*)$ https://www.westos.org$1 redirect;

 

        location / {
#反向代理

                proxy_pass
http://westos;

        }

}

 

#执行server 127.0.0.1:8000 backup 访问的页面

[root@server1 conf]# cd /var/www/html/

[root@server1 html]# rm -fr *

[root@server1 html]# vim index.html

[root@server1 html]# cat index.html

服务器维护中,请稍后访问。

 

#测试1:

[root@server1 html]# for i in {1..10}; do curl www.westos.org; done

<h1>server2</h1>

<h1>server3:www.westos.org</h1>

<h1>server2</h1>

<h1>server2</h1>

<h1>server2</h1>

<h1>server3:www.westos.org</h1>

<h1>server3:www.westos.org</h1>

<h1>server2</h1>

<h1>server2</h1>

<h1>server3:www.westos.org</h1>

 

#测试2:

[root@server2 ~]# /etc/init.d/httpd stop

Stopping httpd:                                            [  OK  ]

 

[root@server3 ~]# /etc/init.d/httpd stop

Stopping httpd:                                            [  OK  ]

 

[root@server1 conf]# for i in {1..10}; do curl www.westos.org; done

服务器维护中,请稍后访问。

服务器维护中,请稍后访问。

服务器维护中,请稍后访问。

服务器维护中,请稍后访问。

服务器维护中,请稍后访问。

服务器维护中,请稍后访问。

服务器维护中,请稍后访问。

服务器维护中,请稍后访问。

服务器维护中,请稍后访问。

服务器维护中,请稍后访问。
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