more和less命令详细解释

1、more的基本用法：

more /root/test_mail.html

如果内容不足一屏幕，显示完直接退出，如果有多屏，则从头开始显示。

下一页：空白键,或者f 意思是forward,向前；

下一行：enter;

上一页：b 意思是backward；

输入v，可以直接编辑当前行！这个牛逼了！

2、less的基本用法：

这个比more更牛逼了，尤其是匹配模式，还可以高亮匹配！！！这个特性more里面是没有的。所以多用这个吧，完整说明如下：

SUMMARY OF LESS COMMANDS

Commands marked with * may be preceded by a number, N.
Notes in parentheses indicate the behavior if N is given.
A key preceded by a caret indicates the Ctrl key; thus ^K is ctrl-K.

h  H                 Display this help.
q  :q  Q  :Q  ZZ     Exit.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

MOVING

e  ^E  j  ^N  CR  *  Forward  one line   (or N lines).
y  ^Y  k  ^K  ^P  *  Backward one line   (or N lines).
f  ^F  ^V  SPACE  *  Forward  one window (or N lines).
b  ^B  ESC-v      *  Backward one window (or N lines).
z                 *  Forward  one window (and set window to N).
w                 *  Backward one window (and set window to N).
ESC-SPACE         *  Forward  one window, but don't stop at end-of-file.
d  ^D             *  Forward  one half-window (and set half-window to N).
u  ^U             *  Backward one half-window (and set half-window to N).
ESC-)  RightArrow *  Left  one half screen width (or N positions).
ESC-(  LeftArrow  *  Right one half screen width (or N positions).
F                    Forward forever; like "tail -f".
r  ^R  ^L            Repaint screen.
R                    Repaint screen, discarding buffered input.
---------------------------------------------------
Default "window" is the screen height.
Default "half-window" is half of the screen height.
SEARCHING

/pattern          *  Search forward for (N-th) matching line.
?pattern          *  Search backward for (N-th) matching line.
n                 *  Repeat previous search (for N-th occurrence).
N                 *  Repeat previous search in reverse direction.
ESC-n             *  Repeat previous search, spanning files.
ESC-N             *  Repeat previous search, reverse dir. & spanning files.
ESC-u                Undo (toggle) search highlighting.
&pattern          *  Display only matching lines
---------------------------------------------------
A search pattern may be preceded by one or more of:
^N or !  Search for NON-matching lines.
^E or *  Search multiple files (pass thru END OF FILE).
^F or @  Start search at FIRST file (for /) or last file (for ?).
^K       Highlight matches, but don't move (KEEP position).
^R       Don't use REGULAR EXPRESSIONS.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

JUMPING

g  <  ESC-<       *  Go to first line in file (or line N).
G  >  ESC->       *  Go to last line in file (or line N).
p  %              *  Go to beginning of file (or N percent into file).
t                 *  Go to the (N-th) next tag.
T                 *  Go to the (N-th) previous tag.
{  (  [           *  Find close bracket } ) ].
}  )  ]           *  Find open bracket { ( [.
ESC-^F <c1> <c2>  *  Find close bracket <c2>.
ESC-^B <c1> <c2>  *  Find open bracket <c1>
Each "find close bracket" command goes forward to the close bracket
matching the (N-th) open bracket in the top line.
Each "find open bracket" command goes backward to the open bracket
matching the (N-th) close bracket in the bottom line.

m<letter>            Mark the current position with <letter>.
'<letter>            Go to a previously marked position.
''                   Go to the previous position.
^X^X                 Same as '.
---------------------------------------------------
A mark is any upper-case or lower-case letter.
Certain marks are predefined:
^  means  beginning of the file
$  means  end of the file
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

CHANGING FILES

:e [file]            Examine a new file.
^X^V                 Same as :e.
:n                *  Examine the (N-th) next file from the command line.
:p                *  Examine the (N-th) previous file from the command line.
:x                *  Examine the first (or N-th) file from the command line.
:d                   Delete the current file from the command line list.
=  ^G  :f            Print current file name.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

MISCELLANEOUS COMMANDS

-<flag>              Toggle a command line option [see OPTIONS below].
--<name>             Toggle a command line option, by name.
_<flag>              Display the setting of a command line option.
__<name>             Display the setting of an option, by name.
+cmd                 Execute the less cmd each time a new file is examined.

!command             Execute the shell command with $SHELL.
|Xcommand            Pipe file between current pos & mark X to shell command.
v                    Edit the current file with $VISUAL or $EDITOR.
V                    Print version number of "less".
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

OPTIONS

Most options may be changed either on the command line,
or from within less by using the - or -- command.
Options may be given in one of two forms: either a single
character preceded by a -, or a name preceded by --.

-?  ........  --help
Display help (from command line).
-a  ........  --search-skip-screen
Search skips current screen.
-A  ........  --SEARCH-SKIP-SCREEN
Search starts just after target line.
-b
....  --buffers=

Number of buffers.
-B  ........  --auto-buffers
Don't automatically allocate buffers for pipes.
-c  -C  ....  --clear-screen --CLEAR-SCREEN
Repaint by clearing rather than scrolling.
-d  ........  --dumb
Dumb terminal.
-D [xn.n]  .  --color=xn.n
Set screen colors. (MS-DOS only)
-e  -E  ....  --quit-at-eof  --QUIT-AT-EOF
Quit at end of file.
-f  ........  --force
Force open non-regular files.
-F  ........  --quit-if-one-screen
Quit if entire file fits on first screen.
-g  ........  --hilite-search
Highlight only last match for searches.
-G  ........  --HILITE-SEARCH
Don't highlight any matches for searches.
--old-bot
Revert to the old bottom of screen behavior.
-h
....  --max-back-scroll=

Backward scroll limit.
-i  ........  --ignore-case
Ignore case in searches that do not contain uppercase.
-I  ........  --IGNORE-CASE
Ignore case in all searches.
-j
....  --jump-target=

Screen position of target lines.
-J  ........  --status-column
Display a status column at left edge of screen.
-k [file]  .  --lesskey-file=[file]
Use a lesskey file.
-K            --quit-on-intr
Exit less in response to ctrl-C.
-L  ........  --no-lessopen
Ignore the LESSOPEN environment variable.

-m  -M  ....  --long-prompt  --LONG-PROMPT
Set prompt style.
-n  ........  --line-numbers
Don't use line numbers.
-N  ........  --LINE-NUMBERS
Use line numbers.
-o [file]  .  --log-file=[file]
Copy to log file (standard input only).
-O [file]  .  --LOG-FILE=[file]
Copy to log file (unconditionally overwrite).
-p [pattern]  --pattern=[pattern]
Start at pattern (from command line).
-P [prompt]   --prompt=[prompt]
Define new prompt.
-q  -Q  ....  --quiet  --QUIET  --silent --SILENT
Quiet the terminal bell.
-r  -R  ....  --raw-control-chars  --RAW-CONTROL-CHARS
Output "raw" control characters.
-s  ........  --squeeze-blank-lines
Squeeze multiple blank lines.
-S  ........  --chop-long-lines
Chop (truncate) long lines rather than wrapping.
-t [tag]  ..  --tag=[tag]
Find a tag.
-T [tagsfile] --tag-file=[tagsfile]
Use an alternate tags file.
-u  -U  ....  --underline-special  --UNDERLINE-SPECIAL
Change handling of backspaces.
-V  ........  --version
Display the version number of "less".
-w  ........  --hilite-unread
Highlight first new line after forward-screen.
-W  ........  --HILITE-UNREAD
Highlight first new line after any forward movement.
-x [N[,...]]  --tabs=[N[,...]]
Set tab stops.
-X  ........  --no-init
Don't use termcap init/deinit strings.
-y
....  --max-forw-scroll=

Forward scroll limit.
-z
....  --window=

Set size of window.
-" [c[c]]  .  --quotes=[c[c]]
Set shell quote characters.
-~  ........  --tilde
Don't display tildes after end of file.
-#
....  --shift=

Horizontal scroll amount (0 = one half screen width)
........  --no-keypad
Don't send termcap keypad init/deinit strings.
........  --follow-name
The F command changes files if the input file is renamed.
........  --use-backslash
Subsequent options use backslash as escape char.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

LINE EDITING

These keys can be used to edit text being entered
on the "command line" at the bottom of the screen.
RightArrow                       ESC-l     Move cursor right one character.
LeftArrow                        ESC-h     Move cursor left one character.
ctrl-RightArrow  ESC-RightArrow  ESC-w     Move cursor right one word.
ctrl-LeftArrow   ESC-LeftArrow   ESC-b     Move cursor left one word.
HOME                             ESC-0     Move cursor to start of line.
END                              ESC-$     Move cursor to end of line.
BACKSPACE                                  Delete char to left of cursor.
DELETE                           ESC-x     Delete char under cursor.
ctrl-BACKSPACE   ESC-BACKSPACE             Delete word to left of cursor.
ctrl-DELETE      ESC-DELETE      ESC-X     Delete word under cursor.
ctrl-U           ESC (MS-DOS only)         Delete entire line.
UpArrow                          ESC-k     Retrieve previous command line.
DownArrow                        ESC-j     Retrieve next command line.
TAB                                        Complete filename & cycle.
SHIFT-TAB                        ESC-TAB   Complete filename & reverse cycle.
ctrl-L                                     Complete filename, list all.