Kickstart无人值守安装CentOS

一、准备工作

[root@kickstart ~]# iptables -nL
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target     prot opt source               destination
Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT)
target     prot opt source               destination
Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target     prot opt source               destination
[root@kickstart ~]# getenforce
Disabled
[root@kickstart ~]# crontab -l
0 * * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate   210.72.145.44 64.147.116.229 time.nist.gov
[root@kickstart ~]# hostname
kickstart.contoso.com

相关服务器及服务说明如下：

角色	IP地址	服务	说明
Kickstart服务器	192.168.49.201	apache,dhcp,tftp,kickstart	VMware NAT网络
Centos客户端	192.168.49.4		待安装操作系统，pxe启动

二、安装过程
1、挂载CentOS 6.5系统盘

[root@kickstart ~]# mount /dev/sr0 /mnt
mount: block device /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
[root@kickstart ~]# mount
/dev/sda3 on / type ext4 (rw)
proc on /proc type proc (rw)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620)
tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw)
/dev/sda1 on /boot type ext4 (rw)
none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw)
/dev/sr0 on /mnt type iso9660 (ro)

2、安装apache并启动服务

[root@kickstart ~]# yum -y install httpd
[root@kickstart ~]# rpm -qa |grep httpd
httpd-tools-2.2.15-59.el6.centos.x86_64
httpd-2.2.15-59.el6.centos.x86_64
[root@kickstart ~]# /etc/init.d/httpd start

待服务启动后，将/mnt下的光盘文件拷贝到/var/www/html中去（当然也可以省略这一步，可以配置apache的根目录为/mnt即可，这里为了不去修改apache配置所以添加该步骤）：

cp -aR /mnt/* /var/www/html
[root@kickstart ~]# ll /var/www/html/
total 324
-r--r--r-- 1 root root     14 Nov 29  2013 CentOS_BuildTag
dr-xr-xr-x 3 root root   4096 Nov 29  2013 EFI
-r--r--r-- 1 root root    212 Nov 28  2013 EULA
-r--r--r-- 1 root root  18009 Nov 28  2013 GPL
dr-xr-xr-x 3 root root   4096 Nov 29  2013 images
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root   4096 Nov 29  2013 isolinux
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   1126 Jul 14 01:58 ks.cfg
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 258048 Nov 29  2013 Packages
-r--r--r-- 1 root root   1354 Nov 28  2013 RELEASE-NOTES-en-US.html
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root   4096 Nov 29  2013 repodata
-r--r--r-- 1 root root   1706 Nov 28  2013 RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
-r--r--r-- 1 root root   1730 Nov 28  2013 RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Debug-6
-r--r--r-- 1 root root   1730 Nov 28  2013 RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Security-6
-r--r--r-- 1 root root   1734 Nov 28  2013 RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-6
-r--r--r-- 1 root root   3380 Nov 29  2013 TRANS.TBL

3、安装tftp-server，并启用tftp服务

[root@kickstart ~]# yum -y install tftp-server
[root@kickstart ~]# rpm -qa|grep tftp
tftp-server-0.49-8.el6.x86_64
[root@kickstart ~]# sed -i '/disable/s/yes/no/' /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
[root@kickstart ~]# sed -n '/disable/p' /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
disable= no
[root@kickstart ~]# /etc/init.d/xinetd start
Starting xinetd:                                           [  OK  ]

4、准备pxe启动所需文件

[root@kickstart ~]# cp /var/www/html/images/pxeboot/initrd.img /var/lib/tftpboot/
[root@kickstart ~]# cp /var/www/html/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz /var/lib/tftpboot/
[root@kickstart ~]# cp /var/www/html/isolinux/*.msg /var/lib/tftpboot/
[root@kickstart ~]# cp /var/www/html/isolinux/splash.jpg /var/lib/tftpboot/
[root@kickstart ~]# cp /var/www/html/isolinux/vesamenu.c32 /var/lib/tftpboot/
[root@kickstart ~]# mkdir /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg
[root@kickstart ~]# cp /var/www/html/isolinux/isolinux.cfg /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default

5、安装syslinux并拷贝pxelinux.0文件

[root@kickstart ~]# yum -y install syslinux
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Setting up Install Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package syslinux.x86_64 0:4.04-3.el6 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: syslinux-nonlinux for package: syslinux-4.04-3.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: mtools for package: syslinux-4.04-3.el6.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mtools.x86_64 0:4.0.12-1.el6 will be installed
---> Package syslinux-nonlinux.noarch 0:4.04-3.el6 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
===========================================================================================
Package                     Arch             Version                 Repository      Size
===========================================================================================
Installing:
syslinux                    x86_64           4.04-3.el6              base           346 k
Installing for dependencies:
mtools                      x86_64           4.0.12-1.el6            base           194 k
syslinux-nonlinux           noarch           4.04-3.el6              base           584 k
Transaction Summary
===========================================================================================
Install       3 Package(s)
Total download size: 1.1 M
Installed size: 2.5 M
Downloading Packages:
(1/3): mtools-4.0.12-1.el6.x86_64.rpm                               | 194 kB     00:00
(2/3): syslinux-4.04-3.el6.x86_64.rpm                               | 346 kB     00:00
(3/3): syslinux-nonlinux-4.04-3.el6.noarch.rpm                      | 584 kB     00:00
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                                      1.1 MB/s | 1.1 MB     00:01
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Installing : mtools-4.0.12-1.el6.x86_64                                              1/3
Installing : syslinux-nonlinux-4.04-3.el6.noarch                                     2/3
Installing : syslinux-4.04-3.el6.x86_64                                              3/3
Verifying  : syslinux-4.04-3.el6.x86_64                                              1/3
Verifying  : syslinux-nonlinux-4.04-3.el6.noarch                                     2/3
Verifying  : mtools-4.0.12-1.el6.x86_64                                              3/3
Installed:
syslinux.x86_64 0:4.04-3.el6
Dependency Installed:
mtools.x86_64 0:4.0.12-1.el6            syslinux-nonlinux.noarch 0:4.04-3.el6
Complete!
[root@kickstart ~]# rpm -ql syslinux-nonlinux
/usr/share/syslinux/altmbr.bin
/usr/share/syslinux/altmbr_c.bin
/usr/share/syslinux/altmbr_f.bin
/usr/share/syslinux/cat.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/chain.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/cmd.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/config.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/cpuid.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/cpuidtest.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/disk.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/dmitest.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/elf.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/ethersel.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/gfxboot.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/gptmbr.bin
/usr/share/syslinux/gptmbr_c.bin
/usr/share/syslinux/gptmbr_f.bin
/usr/share/syslinux/gpxecmd.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/gpxelinux.0
/usr/share/syslinux/gpxelinuxk.0
/usr/share/syslinux/hdt.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/host.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/ifcpu.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/ifcpu64.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/ifplop.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/int18.com
/usr/share/syslinux/isohdpfx.bin
/usr/share/syslinux/isohdpfx_c.bin
/usr/share/syslinux/isohdpfx_f.bin
/usr/share/syslinux/isohdppx.bin
/usr/share/syslinux/isohdppx_c.bin
/usr/share/syslinux/isohdppx_f.bin
/usr/share/syslinux/isolinux-debug.bin
/usr/share/syslinux/isolinux.bin
/usr/share/syslinux/kbdmap.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/linux.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/ls.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/lua.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/mboot.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/mbr.bin
/usr/share/syslinux/mbr_c.bin
/usr/share/syslinux/mbr_f.bin
/usr/share/syslinux/memdisk
/usr/share/syslinux/memdump.com
/usr/share/syslinux/meminfo.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/menu.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/pcitest.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/pmload.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/poweroff.com
/usr/share/syslinux/pwd.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/pxechain.com
/usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0
/usr/share/syslinux/reboot.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/rosh.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/sanboot.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/sdi.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/sysdump.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/syslinux.com
/usr/share/syslinux/syslinux.exe
/usr/share/syslinux/syslinux64.exe
/usr/share/syslinux/ver.com
/usr/share/syslinux/vesainfo.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/vesamenu.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/vpdtest.c32
/usr/share/syslinux/whichsys.c32
[root@kickstart ~]# cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /var/lib/tftpboot/

5、安装dhcp并启动服务

[root@kickstart ~]# yum -y install dhcp
[root@kickstart ~]# vi /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
[root@kickstart ~]# cat /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
#
# DHCP Server Configuration file.
#   see /usr/share/doc/dhcp*/dhcpd.conf.sample
#   see 'man 5 dhcpd.conf'
#
ddns-update-style interim;            #设置DHCP服务器模式
ignore client-updates;                #禁止客户端更新
log-facility local7;        #使用rsyslog记录日志
subnet 192.168.49.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
range 192.168.49.3 192.168.49.30;      #地址池
option routers 192.168.49.2;           #网关地址
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;      #子网掩码
option domain-name-servers 192.168.49.2;    #设置DNS
option domain-name "contoso.com";          #域名搜索列表
default-lease-time 600;         #默认租约期限(单位秒)
max-lease-time 7200;            #最大租约期限(单位秒)
next-server 192.168.49.201;     #下一个访问的服务器地址，tftp服务器地址
filename "pxelinux.0";          #在next-server上需要下载的文件
}
[root@kickstart ~]# service dhcpd configtest
Syntax: OK
[root@kickstart ~]# dhcpd
Internet Systems Consortium DHCP Server 4.1.1-P1
Copyright 2004-2010 Internet Systems Consortium.
All rights reserved.
For info, please visit https://www.isc.org/software/dhcp/ Not searching LDAP since ldap-server, ldap-port and ldap-base-dn were not specified in the config file
Wrote 0 leases to leases file.
Listening on LPF/eth0/00:0c:29:c1:d4:3d/192.168.49.0/24
Sending on   LPF/eth0/00:0c:29:c1:d4:3d/192.168.49.0/24
Sending on   Socket/fallback/fallback-net
[root@kickstart ~]# /etc/init.d/dhcpd start
[root@kickstart ~]# /etc/init.d/dhcpd status
dhcpd (pid  1670) is running...

6、检查相关服务运行情况并添加开机自启动

[root@kickstart ~]# /etc/init.d/httpd status
httpd (pid  1770) is running...
[root@kickstart ~]# chkconfig httpd on
[root@kickstart ~]# /etc/init.d/xinetd status
xinetd (pid  1585) is running...
[root@kickstart ~]# chkconfig xinetd on
[root@kickstart ~]# /etc/init.d/dhcpd status
dhcpd (pid  1670) is running...
[root@kickstart ~]# chkconfig dhcpd on

7、准备ks.cfg文件
下面通过system-config-kickstart的图形界面进行无人值守安装设置，如果熟知ks.cfg文件的格式，可以自己写脚本来完成，当然这里只是示例。因为system-config-kickstart需要在图形界面下操作，所以首先要在操作系统中安装图形界面：

[root@kickstart httpd]# yum -y groupinstall 'X Window System'
yum -y groupinstall 'Desktop'
yum -y groupinstall 'Desktop Platform' 'Desktop Platform Development' 'Graphical Administration Tools'

然后，使用yum安装system-config-kickstart：

[root@kickstart httpd]# yum install system-config-kickstart

最后，执行system-config-kickstart命令：

[root@kickstart httpd]# system-config-kickstart

基本设置，包含语言、时区、root密码等信息，

选择安装方式和安装源，

选择安装类型，GRUB选项以及安装选项，

磁盘分区相关选项，

网络配置选项，

登录认证方式设置，有多种认证方式可选，如NIS、LDAP、Kerberos5等等，

防火墙设置，

显示配置，

选择软件包，

预安装脚本，

安装后的处理脚本，

选好之后，点击“File"，然后在下拉菜单中选择“Save”，

选择文件保存位置，确定后选择save保存。

[root@kickstart httpd]# ll /var/www/html/ks.cfg
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1126 Jul 14 01:58 /var/www/html/ks.cfg
[root@kickstart httpd]# cat /var/www/html/ks.cfg
#platform=x86, AMD64, or Intel EM64T
#version=DEVEL
# Firewall configuration
firewall --disabled
# Install OS instead of upgrade
install
# Use network installation
url --url="http://192.168.49.201/"
# Root password
rootpw --iscrypted $1$Y8sHozoZ$2BCNRpLHzBEab6Etd46hF1
# System authorization information
auth  --useshadow  --passalgo=sha512
# Use graphical install
graphical
# System keyboard
keyboard us
# System language
lang en_US
# SELinux configuration
selinux --disabled
# Do not configure the X Window System
skipx
# Installation logging level
logging --level=info
# Reboot after installation
reboot
# System timezone
timezone --isUtc Asia/Chongqing
# Network information
network  --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0 --onboot=on
# System bootloader configuration
bootloader --location=mbr
# Clear the Master Boot Record
zerombr
# Partition clearing information
clearpart --all --initlabel
# Disk partitioning information
part /boot --fstype="ext4" --size=200
part swap --fstype="swap" --size=1024
part / --fstype="ext4" --grow --size=1
%packages
@base
@chinese-support
@development
cjkuni-fonts-ghostscript
dos2unix
%end

8、修改/var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default，使客户端自动加载ks.cfg配置

[root@kickstart httpd]# vi /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
[root@kickstart httpd]# cat /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
......
label linux
menu label ^Install or upgrade an existing system
menu default
kernel vmlinuz
append initrd=initrd.img ks=http://192.168.49.201/ks.cfg text
......

三、测试
创建一个VMware虚拟机，网络选择NAT模式，然后不添加启动影响，开机启动



开机看到这个画面，很亲切啊有木有，



选择键盘类型，



选择安装方式，



填写kickstart服务器的地址，



好吧，系统已经开始安装了，



安装中，



安装接近尾声，



安装结束，使用之前设置的密码成功进入操作系统，因为没有安装图形桌面，所以就是这样的界面了，ok，至此成功结束。