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bootstrap精简教程_动力节点Java学院整理

2017-07-14 16:31 711 查看

bootstrap 的学习非常简单，并且它所提供的样式又非常精美。只要稍微简单的学习就可以制作出漂亮的页面。

bootstrap提供了三种类型的下载：

1、用于生产环境的 Bootstrap

编译并压缩后的 CSS、JavaScript 和字体文件。不包含文档和源码文件。

2、Bootstrap 源码

Less、JavaScript 和字体文件的源码，并且带有文档。需要 Less 编译器和一些设置工作。

3、Sass

这是 Bootstrap 从 Less 到 Sass 的源码移植项目，用于快速地在 Rails、Compass 或只针对 Sass 的项目中引入。

其实我们不用下载bootstrap也可以使用它：

Bootstrap 中文网为 Bootstrap 专门构建了自己的免费 CDN 加速服务。基于国内云厂商的 CDN 服务，访问速度更快、加速效果更明显、没有速度和带宽限制、永久免费。

base.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<!-- 上述3个meta标签*必须*放在最前面，任何其他内容都*必须*跟随其后！ -->
<title>Bootstrap 101 Template</title>
<!-- Bootstrap -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="http://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.4/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="external nofollow" >
</head>
<body>
<h1>你好，bootstrap！</h1>
<!-- jQuery (necessary for Bootstrap's JavaScript plugins) -->
<script src="http://cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/1.11.2/jquery.min.js"></script>
<!-- Include all compiled plugins (below), or include individual files as needed -->
<script src="http://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.4/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
</body>
</html>

base.html中已经引入了bootstrap，将其保存，我们就可以使用bootstrap提供的样式了。

字体图标

bootstrap默认提供了二百多个图标。我们可以通过span标签来使用这些图标：

<h3>图标</h3>
<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-home"></span>
<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-signal"></span>
<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-cog"></span>
<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-apple"></span>
<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-trash"></span>
<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-play-circle"></span>
<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-headphones"></span>

[p]

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按钮

　　<button></button>标签用于创建按钮，bootstrap提供了丰富的按钮样式。
<h3>按钮</h3>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default">按钮</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">primary</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-success">success</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-info">info</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-warning">warning</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-danger">danger</button>
<h3>按钮尺寸</h3>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default">按钮</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-lg">primary</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-success btn-sm">success</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-info btn-xs">info</button>
<h3>把图标显示在按钮里</h3>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-home"></span>  按钮</button>

按钮除了有默认的大小外，bootstrap还提供三个参数来调整按钮的大小，分别是：btn-lg、btn-sm和btn-xs。

下拉菜单

下拉菜单是最常见的交互之一，bootstrap提供了漂亮的样式。

<h3>下拉菜单</h3>
<div class="dropdown">
<button class="btn btn-primary dropdown-toggle" type="button" id="dropdownMenu1" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-expanded="true">
Dropdown
<span class="caret"></span>
</button>
<ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu" aria-labelledby="dropdownMenu1">
<li role="presentation"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >Action</a></li>
<li role="presentation"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >Another action</a></li>
<li role="presentation"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >Something else here</a></li>
<li role="presentation"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >Separated link</a></li>
</ul>
</div>

输入框

通过<input></input>标签去创建输入框。

<h3>输入框</h3>
<div class="input-group">
<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-user"></span>
<input type="text" placeholder="username">
</div>
<div class="input-group">
<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-lock"></span>
<input type="password" placeholder="password">
</div>

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[/p]

导航栏

导航栏作为整个网站的指引必不可少。

<h3>导航栏</h3>
<nav class="navbar navbar-inverse navbar-fixed-top">
<div id="navbar" class="navbar-collapse collapse">
<ul class="nav navbar-nav">
<li class="active"><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >Home</a></li>
<li><a href="#about" rel="external nofollow" >About</a></li>
<li><a href="#contact" rel="external nofollow" >Contact</a></li>
<li class="dropdown">
<a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-expanded="false">Dropdown <span class="caret"></span></a>
<ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu">
<li><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >Action</a></li>
<li><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >Another action</a></li>
<li class="divider"></li>
<li class="dropdown-header">Nav header</li>
<li><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >Separated link</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div><!--/.nav-collapse -->
</div>
</nav>

[p]

[/p]

表单

人与系统之间数据的传递都需要依靠表单来完成。比如注册/登录信息的提交，查询条件的提交等。用<form></form>标签来创建表单。

<h3>表单</h3>
<form>
<div class="form-group">
<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-user"></span>
<input type="email" id="exampleInputEmail1" placeholder="Enter email">
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-lock"></span>
<input type="password" id="exampleInputPassword1" placeholder="Password">
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="exampleInputFile">File input</label>
<input type="file" id="exampleInputFile">
<p class="help-block">Example block-level help text here.</p>
</div>
<div class="checkbox">
<label>
<input type="checkbox"> Check me out
</label>
</div>
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Submit</button>
</form>

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警告框

警告框是系统向用户传达信息和提供指引的重要手段。没有针对警告框的标签，通过bootstrap所提供的样式可以瞬间制作出漂亮的警告框。

<h3>警告框</h3>
<div class="alert alert-warning alert-dismissible" role="alert">
<button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="alert" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button>
<strong>Warning!</strong> Better check yourself, you're not looking too good.
</div>
<div class="alert alert-success" role="alert">
<a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" class="alert-link">success!</a>
</div>
<div class="alert alert-info" role="alert">
<a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" class="alert-link">info!</a>
</div>
<div class="alert alert-warning" role="alert">
<a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" class="alert-link">warning!</a>
</div>
<div class="alert alert-danger" role="alert">
<a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" class="alert-link">danger!</a>
</div>

进度条

系统的处理过程往往需要用户等待，进度条可以让用户感知到系统的处理过程，从而增加容忍度。

<h3>进度条</h3>
<div class="progress">
<div class="progress-bar" role="progressbar" aria-valuenow="70" aria-valuemin="0" aria-valuemax="100" style="width: 60%;">
70%
</div>
</div>

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