分布式文件系统---GlusterFS安装配置

一、环境规划

GlusterFS服务端：10.100.0.41/10.100.0.44 GlusterFS客户端：10.100.0.43

二、所需软件包

glusterfs-server-3.4.2-1.el6.x86_64 glusterfs-3.4.2-1.el6.x86_64

三、安装
3.1、服务端安装

#wget -P /etc/yum.repos.d http://download.gluster.org/pub/gluster/glusterfs/3.6/3.6.2/CentOS/glusterfs-epel.repo #wget -P /etc/yum.repos.d http://download.gluster.org/pub/gluster/glusterfs/3.6/3.6.2/CentOS/glusterfs-epel.repo #service glusterd start #chkconfig glusterd on

3.2、配置存储目录
GlusterFS默认不能使用根分区作为GlusterFS的存储目录，本例中使用第二块磁盘来做

# fdisk /dev/sdb Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x423f8af8. Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable. Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite) WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to sectors (command 'u'). Command (m for help): n Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4) p Partition number (1-4): 1 First cylinder (1-78325, default 1): Using default value 1 Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-78325, default 78325): Using default value 78325 Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks. # mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1 mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=4096 (log=2) Fragment size=4096 (log=2) Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks 39321600 inodes, 157286382 blocks 7864319 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=0 Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296 4800 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 8192 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968, 102400000 Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (32768 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done This filesystem will be automatically checked every 35 mounts or 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override. # mkdir /gfs # mount /dev/sdb1 /gfs # df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda2 30G 1.8G 27G 7% / tmpfs 495M 0 495M 0% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 194M 28M 157M 15% /boot /dev/sda4 65G 180M 62G 1% /home /dev/sdb1 591G 198M 561G 1% /gfs

3.3、加入随机启动

#echo "/dev/sdb1 /gfs ext4 defaults 1 2" >> /etc/fstab

3.4、在第一台GlusterFS server中加入存储节点。即（10.100.0.44）

# gluster peer probe 10.100.0.44 # 加入新节点 .......

3.5、查看节点信息

# gluster peer status Number of Peers: 1 Hostname: 10.100.0.44 Uuid: c674ccbb-072b-4f26-97a2-facd15add645 State: Peer in Cluster (Connected)

3.5、创建存储卷。即集群磁盘

#gluster volume create gfsv replica 2 10.100.0.41:/gfs 10.100.0.44:/gfs Creation of volume gfsv has been successful. Please start the volume to access data.

3.6、启动存储卷

# gluster volume start gfsv # 启动卷

3.7、查看存储卷信息

# gluster volume info Volume Name: gfsv Type: Replicate Volume ID: be627a08-1d36-40f5-add0-1277be47c328 Status: Started Number of Bricks: 1 x 2 = 2 Transport-type: tcp Bricks: Brick1: 10.100.0.41:/gfs/data Brick2: 10.100.0.44:/gfs/data

3.8、配置访问ACL规则

# gluster volume set gfs auth.allow 10.100.0.* # 授权访问

四、客户端安装配置
4.1、安装客户端
客户端需要fuse支持

# yum -y install glusterfs glusterfs-fuse glusterfs-api glusterfs-devel glusterfs-libs

4.2、挂载glusterfs存储

#mount -t glusterfs -o rw 10.100.0.41:gfsv /home/gfs/data/

五：存储卷模式
(1)distribute volume：分布式卷，文件通过hash算法分布到brick server上，这种卷是glusterfs的基础和最大特点；
(2)stripe volume：条带卷，类似RAID0，条带数=brick server数量，文件分成数据块以Round Robin方式分布到brick server上，并发粒度是数据块，大文件性能高；
(3)replica volume：镜像卷，类似RAID1，镜像数=brick server数量，所以brick server上文件数据相同，构成n-way镜像，可用性高；
(4)distribute stripe volume：分布式条带卷，brick server数量是条带数的倍数，兼具distribute和stripe卷的特点；
(5)distribute replica volume：分布式镜像卷，brick server数量是镜像数的倍数，兼具distribute和replica卷的特点；

六、 平衡布局是很有必要的，因为布局结构是静态的，当新的bricks加入现有卷，新创建的文件会分布到旧的bricks中，所以需要平衡布局结构，使新加入 的bricks生效。布局平衡只是使新布局生效，并不会在新的布局移动老的数据，如果你想在新布局生效后，重新平衡卷中的数据，还需要对卷中的数据进行平 衡。

gluster volume rebalance VOLNAME fix-layout start gluster volume rebalance VOLNAME migrate-data start 也可以两步合一步同时操作 gluster volume rebalance VOLNAME start 你也可以删除/停止卷 gluster volume stop/delete VOLNAME 你可以在在平衡过程中查看平衡信息： 你也可以暂停平衡，再次启动平衡的时候会从上次暂停的地方继续开始平衡。 gluster volume rebalance VOLNAME stop