Windows下Nginx配置SSL实现Https访问（包含证书生成） Windows下Nginx配置SSL实现Https访问（包含证书生成） 　　首先要说明为什么要实现https？ 　　HTT

 

Windows下Nginx配置SSL实现Https访问（包含证书生成）

Windows下Nginx配置SSL实现Https访问（包含证书生成）
　　首先要说明为什么要实现https？
　　HTTP全名超文本传输协议，客户端据此获取服务器上的超文本内容。超文本内容则以HTML为主，客户端拿到HTML内容后可根据规范进行解析呈现。因此，HTTP主要负责的是“内容的请求和获取”。问题就出在这部分。行监控、劫持、阻挡等行为很容易导致网站泄密，一些关键参数比如登录密码开发者会在客户端进行MD5加密，不过互联网所承载的机密信息远不只是密码，搜索内容同样属于敏感信息。现如今，百度、谷歌、Github等网站已经全站启用https，https就像是给网站上了一个“锁”，HTTPS做的就是给请求加密，让其对用户更加安全。对于自身而言除了保障用户利益外，还可避免本属于自己的流量被挟持，以保护自身利益。所以在我看来，终有一天HTTPS会实现全网普及。
　　下面进入正题。
　　说明：此教程适合已经配置好WNMP环境，并配置Virtualhost实现多站点的同学。如果您尚未配置，请参照我之前的文章进行配置。
　　实现Https首先需要向管理机构申请证书，而我们此次由于是练习目的，所以通过Openssl自己生成证书。首先我们需要用到生成证书的Openssl软件。
步骤：
1. 安装Openssl
　　下载地址：http://slproweb.com/products/Win32OpenSSL.html （根据系统选择32位或者64位版本下载安装）。
　　下载完成后，进行安装，我安装在了 C:\wnmp\OpenSSL-Win64文件夹中。
2. 安装ActivePerl （此软件目的为了解析pl文件，部分系统不安装也可以实现本教程的功能，安装该软件目的为了学习perl）。
　　下载地址：http://www.activestate.com/activeperl/downloads/  （根据系统选择win32或者win64版本下载安装）。
3. 配置环境变量
　　在环境变量中添加环境变量
　　　　变量名： OPENSSL_HOME            变量值：C:\wnmp\OpenSSL-Win64\bin;        （变量值为openssl安装位置）
　　　　在path变量结尾添加如下 ： %OPENSSL_HOME%;
配置文件openssl.cnf

#

# OpenSSL example configuration file.

# This is mostly being used for generation of certificate requests.

#

# This definition stops the following lines choking if HOME isn't

# defined.

HOME = .

RANDFILE = $ENV::HOME/.rnd

# Extra OBJECT IDENTIFIER info:

#oid_file = $ENV::HOME/.oid

oid_section = new_oids

# To use this configuration file with the "-extfile" option of the

# "openssl x509" utility, name here the section containing the

# X.509v3 extensions to use:

# extensions = 

# (Alternatively, use a configuration file that has only

# X.509v3 extensions in its main [= default] section.)

[ new_oids ]

# We can add new OIDs in here for use by 'ca', 'req' and 'ts'.

# Add a simple OID like this:

# testoid1=1.2.3.4

# Or use config file substitution like this:

# testoid2=${testoid1}.5.6

# Policies used by the TSA examples.

tsa_policy1 = 1.2.3.4.1

tsa_policy2 = 1.2.3.4.5.6

tsa_policy3 = 1.2.3.4.5.7

####################################################################

[ ca ]

default_ca = CA_default
# The default ca section

####################################################################

[ CA_default ]

dir = /usr/ssl
# Where everything is kept

certs = $dir/certs
# Where the issued certs are kept

crl_dir = $dir/crl
# Where the issued crl are kept

database = $dir/index.txt
# database index file.

#unique_subject = no
# Set to 'no' to allow creation of
# several ctificates with same subject.

new_certs_dir = $dir/newcerts
# default place for new certs.

certificate = $dir/cacert.pem
# The CA certificate

serial = $dir/serial
# The current serial number

crlnumber = $dir/crlnumber
# the current crl number
# must be commented out to leave a V1 CRL

crl = $dir/crl.pem
# The current CRL

private_key = $dir/private/cakey.pem# The private key

RANDFILE = $dir/private/.rand
# private random number file

x509_extensions = usr_cert
# The extentions to add to the cert

# Comment out the following two lines for the "traditional"

# (and highly broken) format.

name_opt = ca_default
# Subject Name options

cert_opt = ca_default
# Certificate field options

# Extension copying option:
10ab4
use with caution.

# copy_extensions = copy

# Extensions to add to a CRL. Note: Netscape communicator chokes on V2 CRLs

# so this is commented out by default to leave a V1 CRL.

# crlnumber must also be commented out to leave a V1 CRL.

# crl_extensions = crl_ext

default_days = 365
# how long to certify for

default_crl_days= 30 # how long before next CRL

default_md = default
# use public key default MD

preserve = no
# keep passed DN ordering

# A few difference way of specifying how similar the request should look

# For type CA, the listed attributes must be the same, and the optional

# and supplied fields are just that :-)

policy = policy_match

# For the CA policy

[ policy_match ]

countryName = match

stateOrProvinceName = match

organizationName = match

organizationalUnitName = optional

commonName = supplied

emailAddress = optional

# For the 'anything' policy

# At this point in time, you must list all acceptable 'object'

# types.

[ policy_anything ]

countryName = optional

stateOrProvinceName = optional

localityName = optional

organizationName = optional

organizationalUnitName = optional

commonName = supplied

emailAddress = optional

####################################################################

[ req ]

default_bits = 2048

default_keyfile = privkey.pem

distinguished_name = req_distinguished_name

attributes = req_attributes

x509_extensions = v3_ca
# The extentions to add to the self signed cert

# Passwords for private keys if not present they will be prompted for

# input_password = secret

# output_password = secret

# This sets a mask for permitted string types. There are several options. 

# default: PrintableString, T61String, BMPString.

# pkix : PrintableString, BMPString (PKIX recommendation before 2004)

# utf8only: only UTF8Strings (PKIX recommendation after 2004).

# nombstr : PrintableString, T61String (no BMPStrings or UTF8Strings).

# MASK:XXXX a literal mask value.

# WARNING: ancient versions of Netscape crash on BMPStrings or UTF8Strings.

string_mask = utf8only

# req_extensions = v3_req # The extensions to add to a certificate request

[ req_distinguished_name ]

countryName = Country Name (2 letter code)

countryName_default = AU

countryName_min = 2

countryName_max = 2

stateOrProvinceName = State or Province Name (full name)

stateOrProvinceName_default = Some-State

localityName = Locality Name (eg, city)

0.organizationName = Organization Name (eg, company)

0.organizationName_default = Internet Widgits Pty Ltd

# we can do this but it is not needed normally :-)

#1.organizationName = Second Organization Name (eg, company)

#1.organizationName_default = World Wide Web Pty Ltd

organizationalUnitName = Organizational Unit Name (eg, section)

#organizationalUnitName_default =

commonName = Common Name (e.g. server FQDN or YOUR name)

commonName_max = 64

emailAddress = Email Address

emailAddress_max = 64

# SET-ex3 = SET extension number 3

[ req_attributes ]

challengePassword = A challenge password

challengePassword_min = 4

challengePassword_max = 20

unstructuredName = An optional company name

[ usr_cert ]

# These extensions are added when 'ca' signs a request.

# This goes against PKIX guidelines but some CAs do it and some software

# requires this to avoid interpreting an end user certificate as a CA.

basicConstraints=CA:FALSE

# Here are some examples of the usage of nsCertType. If it is omitted

# the certificate can be used for anything *except* object signing.

# This is OK for an SSL server.

# nsCertType = server

# For an object signing certificate this would be used.

# nsCertType = objsign

# For normal client use this is typical

# nsCertType = client, email

# and for everything including object signing:

# nsCertType = client, email, objsign

# This is typical in keyUsage for a client certificate.

# keyUsage = nonRepudiation, digitalSignature, keyEncipherment

# This will be displayed in Netscape's comment listbox.

nsComment = "OpenSSL Generated Certificate"

# PKIX recommendations harmless if included in all certificates.

subjectKeyIdentifier=hash

authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid,issuer

# This stuff is for subjectAltName and issuerAltname.

# Import the email address.

# subjectAltName=email:copy

# An alternative to produce certificates that aren't

# deprecated according to PKIX.

# subjectAltName=email:move

# Copy subject details

# issuerAltName=issuer:copy

#nsCaRevocationUrl = http://www.domain.dom/ca-crl.pem
#nsBaseUrl

#nsRevocationUrl

#nsRenewalUrl

#nsCaPolicyUrl

#nsSslServerName

# This is required for TSA certificates.

# extendedKeyUsage = critical,timeStamping

[ v3_req ]

# Extensions to add to a certificate request

basicConstraints = CA:FALSE

keyUsage = nonRepudiation, digitalSignature, keyEncipherment

[ v3_ca ]

# Extensions for a typical CA

# PKIX recommendation.

subjectKeyIdentifier=hash

authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid:always,issuer

# This is what PKIX recommends but some broken software chokes on critical

# extensions.

#basicConstraints = critical,CA:true

# So we do this instead.

basicConstraints = CA:true

# Key usage: this is typical for a CA certificate. However since it will

# prevent it being used as an test self-signed certificate it is best

# left out by default.

# keyUsage = cRLSign, keyCertSign

# Some might want this also

# nsCertType = sslCA, emailCA

# Include email address in subject alt name: another PKIX recommendation

# subjectAltName=email:copy

# Copy issuer details

# issuerAltName=issuer:copy

# DER hex encoding of an extension: beware experts only!

# obj=DER:02:03

# Where 'obj' is a standard or added object

# You can even override a supported extension:

# basicConstraints= critical, DER:30:03:01:01:FF

[ crl_ext ]

# CRL extensions.

# Only issuerAltName and authorityKeyIdentifier make any sense in a CRL.

# issuerAltName=issuer:copy

authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid:always

[ proxy_cert_ext ]

# These extensions should be added when creating a proxy certificate

# This goes against PKIX guidelines but some CAs do it and some software

# requires this to avoid interpreting an end user certificate as a CA.

basicConstraints=CA:FALSE

# Here are some examples of the usage of nsCertType. If it is omitted

# the certificate can be used for anything *except* object signing.

# This is OK for an SSL server.

# nsCertType = server

# For an object signing certificate this would be used.

# nsCertType = objsign

# For normal client use this is typical

# nsCertType = client, email

# and for everything including object signing:

# nsCertType = client, email, objsign

# This is typical in keyUsage for a client certificate.

# keyUsage = nonRepudiation, digitalSignature, keyEncipherment

# This will be displayed in Netscape's comment listbox.

nsComment = "OpenSSL Generated Certificate"

# PKIX recommendations harmless if included in all certificates.

subjectKeyIdentifier=hash

authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid,issuer

# This stuff is for subjectAltName and issuerAltname.

# Import the email address.

# subjectAltName=email:copy

# An alternative to produce certificates that aren't

# deprecated according to PKIX.

# subjectAltName=email:move

# Copy subject details

# issuerAltName=issuer:copy

#nsCaRevocationUrl = http://www.domain.dom/ca-crl.pem
#nsBaseUrl

#nsRevocationUrl

#nsRenewalUrl

#nsCaPolicyUrl

#nsSslServerName

# This really needs to be in place for it to be a proxy certificate.

proxyCertInfo=critical,language:id-ppl-anyLanguage,pathlen:3,policy:foo

####################################################################

[ tsa ]

default_tsa = tsa_config1 # the default TSA section

[ tsa_config1 ]

# These are used by the TSA reply generation only.

dir = ./demoCA
# TSA root directory

serial = $dir/tsaserial
# The current serial number (mandatory)

crypto_device = builtin
# OpenSSL engine to use for signing

signer_cert = $dir/tsacert.pem
# The TSA signing certificate
# (optional)

certs = $dir/cacert.pem
# Certificate chain to include in reply
# (optional)

signer_key = $dir/private/tsakey.pem # The TSA private key (optional)

default_policy = tsa_policy1
# Policy if request did not specify it
# (optional)

other_policies = tsa_policy2, tsa_policy3
# acceptable policies (optional)

digests = md5, sha1
# Acceptable message digests (mandatory)

accuracy = secs:1, millisecs:500, microsecs:100
# (optional)

clock_precision_digits  = 0 # number of digits after dot. (optional)

ordering = yes
# Is ordering defined for timestamps?
# (optional, default: no)

tsa_name = yes
# Must the TSA name be included in the reply?
# (optional, default: no)

ess_cert_id_chain = no
# Must the ESS cert id chain be included?
# (optional, default: no)

生成证书

可以通过以下步骤生成一个简单的证书：

首先，进入你想创建证书和私钥的目录，例如：

$ cd /usr/local/nginx/conf

创建服务器私钥，命令会让你输入一个口令：

$ openssl genrsa -des3 -out server.key 1024  -config ../openssl.cnf

创建签名请求的证书（CSR）：

$ openssl req -new -key server.key -out server.csr  -config ../openssl.cnf

在加载SSL支持的Nginx并使用上述私钥时除去必须的口令：

$ cp server.key server.key.org
$ openssl rsa -in server.key.org -out server.key

配置nginx

最后标记证书使用上述私钥和CSR：

$ openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in server.csr -signkey server.key -out server.crt

修改Nginx配置文件，让其包含新标记的证书和私钥：

server {
    server_name YOUR_DOMAINNAME_HERE;
    listen 443;
    ssl on;
    ssl_certificate /usr/local/nginx/conf/server.crt;
    ssl_certificate_key /usr/local/nginx/conf/server.key;
}

重启nginx。

这样就可以通过以下方式访问：
https://YOUR_DOMAINNAME_HERE
另外还可以加入如下代码实现80端口重定向到443IT人乐园

server {
listen 80;
server_name ww.centos.bz;
rewrite ^(.*) https://$server_name$1 permanent;
}