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服务器备份与恢复

2017-06-01 00:00 239 查看

1.备份的策略

完全备份：把所有需要备份的数据全部备份，完全备份可以备份整块硬盘，整个分区或某个具体的目录，这种方式备份速度比较慢，耗费系统资源，需要占用比较多的硬盘空间，但是恢复起来比较方便

增量备份：速度快，节省硬盘空间，但是恢复起来比较麻烦

差异备份：这是一个折中的策略，每次都跟原始数据比较，把存在差异性的数据进行备份，但是这种方式用得并不多，比较常用的依然是完全备份和增量备份

2. dump命令的使用

2.1 dump服务的安装

###首先确定dump服务是否安装，这边找到一个tcpdump,这个是tcp的一个抓包工具，并不是我们所要的dump服务
[root@wenhaijin ~]# rpm -qa | grep dump
tcpdump-4.0.0-3.20090921gitdf3cb4.2.el6.x86_64
###安装dump服务
[root@wenhaijin ~]# yum -y install dump
Loaded plugins: security
base                                                     | 3.7 kB     00:00
epel                                                     | 4.3 kB     00:00
epel/primary_db                                          | 5.9 MB     00:01
extras                                                   | 3.4 kB     00:00
extras/primary_db                                        |  29 kB     00:00
updates                                                  | 3.4 kB     00:00
updates/primary_db                                       | 864 kB     00:00
Setting up Install Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package dump.x86_64 1:0.4-0.6.b42.el6 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: rmt for package: 1:dump-0.4-0.6.b42.el6.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package rmt.x86_64 1:0.4-0.6.b42.el6 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

================================================================================
Package       Arch            Version                      Repository     Size
================================================================================
Installing:
dump          x86_64          1:0.4-0.6.b42.el6            base          141 k
Installing for dependencies:
rmt           x86_64          1:0.4-0.6.b42.el6            base           25 k

Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install       2 Package(s)

Total download size: 165 k
Installed size: 303 k
Downloading Packages:
(1/2): dump-0.4-0.6.b42.el6.x86_64.rpm                   | 141 kB     00:00
(2/2): rmt-0.4-0.6.b42.el6.x86_64.rpm                    |  25 kB     00:00
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                           926 kB/s | 165 kB     00:00
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Installing : 1:rmt-0.4-0.6.b42.el6.x86_64                                 1/2
Installing : 1:dump-0.4-0.6.b42.el6.x86_64                                2/2
Verifying  : 1:dump-0.4-0.6.b42.el6.x86_64                                1/2
Verifying  : 1:rmt-0.4-0.6.b42.el6.x86_64                                 2/2

Installed:
dump.x86_64 1:0.4-0.6.b42.el6

Dependency Installed:
rmt.x86_64 1:0.4-0.6.b42.el6

Complete!
[root@wenhaijin ~]#