您的位置:首页 > 运维架构 > Linux

CentOS下使用yum命令安装计划任务程序crontab

2017-05-27 11:44 337 查看


概述

利用“任务计划”,可以将任何脚本、程序或文档安排在某个最方便的时间运行。通俗的讲就是定时执行某个脚本、程序。


常见用途

定时关机 

定时检查更新 

定时对系统配置、数据库、日志进行备份 

定时清理垃圾文件


检测是否已安装

# crontab
-bash: crontab: command not found
1
2
1
2

执行 crontab 命令如果报 command not found,就表明没有安装.


开始安装

# yum -y install vixie-cron
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security
Existing lock /var/run/yum.pid: another copy is running as pid 25960.
Another app is currently holding the yum lock; waiting for it to exit...
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4

可能是系统自动升级正在运行,yum在锁定状态中。 

可以通过强制关掉yum进程: 

#rm -f /var/run/yum.pid 

然后就可以使用yum了。
# yum -y install vixie-cron
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security
Determining fastest mirrors
* base: mirrors.btte.net
* extras: mirrors.sina.cn
* updates: mirrors.sina.cn
base                                                                                                                                                                    | 3.7 kB     00:00
extras                                                                                                                                                                  | 3.4 kB     00:00
extras/primary_db                                                                                                                                                       |  32 kB     00:00
updates                                                                                                                                                                 | 3.4 kB     00:00
updates/primary_db                                                                                                                                                      | 1.9 MB     00:07
Setting up Install Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package cronie.x86_64 0:1.4.4-15.el6 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: dailyjobs for package: cronie-1.4.4-15.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: /usr/sbin/sendmail for package: cronie-1.4.4-15.el6.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package cronie-anacron.x86_64 0:1.4.4-15.el6 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: crontabs for package: cronie-anacron-1.4.4-15.el6.x86_64
---> Package sendmail.x86_64 0:8.14.4-9.el6 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: procmail for package: sendmail-8.14.4-9.el6.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package crontabs.noarch 0:1.10-33.el6 will be installed
---> Package procmail.x86_64 0:3.22-25.1.el6_5.1 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

===============================================================================================================================================================================================
Package                                          Arch                                     Version                                                Repository                              Size
===============================================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
cronie                                           x86_64                                   1.4.4-15.el6                                           base                                    74 k
Installing for dependencies:
cronie-anacron                                   x86_64                                   1.4.4-15.el6                                           base                                    31 k
crontabs                                         noarch                                   1.10-33.el6                                            base                                    10 k
procmail                                         x86_64                                   3.22-25.1.el6_5.1                                      base                                   162 k
sendmail                                         x86_64                                   8.14.4-9.el6                                           base                                   716 k

Transaction Summary
===============================================================================================================================================================================================
Install       5 Package(s)

Total download size: 994 k
Installed size: 2.1 M
Downloading Packages:
(1/5): cronie-1.4.4-15.el6.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                   |  74 kB     00:00
(2/5): cronie-anacron-1.4.4-15.el6.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                           |  31 kB     00:00
(3/5): crontabs-1.10-33.el6.noarch.rpm                                                                                                                                  |  10 kB     00:00
(4/5): procmail-3.22-25.1.el6_5.1.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                            | 162 kB     00:00
(5/5): sendmail-8.14.4-9.el6.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                 | 716 kB     00:00
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                                                                                                                                          1.3 MB/s | 994 kB     00:00
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Installing : procmail-3.22-25.1.el6_5.1.x86_64                                                                                                                                           1/5
Installing : sendmail-8.14.4-9.el6.x86_64                                                                                                                                                2/5
Installing : cronie-1.4.4-15.el6.x86_64                                                                                                                                                  3/5
Installing : crontabs-1.10-33.el6.noarch                                                                                                                                                 4/5
Installing : cronie-anacron-1.4.4-15.el6.x86_64                                                                                                                                          5/5
ERROR:dbus.proxies:Introspect error on :1.2513:/org/freedesktop/PackageKit: dbus.exceptions.DBusException: org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.NoReply: Did not receive a reply. Possible causes include: the remote application did not send a reply, the message bus security policy blocked the reply, the reply timeout expired, or the network connection was broken.
Unable to send message to PackageKit
Verifying  : crontabs-1.10-33.el6.noarch                                                                                                                                                 1/5
Verifying  : cronie-anacron-1.4.4-15.el6.x86_64                                                                                                                                          2/5
Verifying  : sendmail-8.14.4-9.el6.x86_64                                                                                                                                                3/5
Verifying  : cronie-1.4.4-15.el6.x86_64                                                                                                                                                  4/5
Verifying  : procmail-3.22-25.1.el6_5.1.x86_64                                                                                                                                           5/5

Installed:
cronie.x86_64 0:1.4.4-15.el6

Dependency Installed:
cronie-anacron.x86_64 0:1.4.4-15.el6               crontabs.noarch 0:1.10-33.el6               procmail.x86_64 0:3.22-25.1.el6_5.1               sendmail.x86_64 0:8.14.4-9.el6

Complete!
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78


查看命令帮助

crontab 并不支持-h或–help之类的选项,不过还是可以通过它查看命令帮助
# crontab -h
crontab:无效选项 -- h
crontab: usage error: unrecognized option
usage:  crontab [-u user] file
crontab [-u user] [ -e | -l | -r ]
(default operation is replace, per 1003.2)
-e  (edit user's crontab)
-l  (list user's crontab)
-r  (delete user's crontab)
-i  (prompt before deleting user's crontab)
-s  (selinux context)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

也可以使用 info crontab 命令查看详细的帮助信息。

cron服务提供crontab命令来设定cron服务的,以下是这个命令的一些参数与说明:

  crontab -u //设定某个用户的cron服务,一般root用户在执行这个命令的时候需要此参数

  crontab -l //列出某个用户cron服务的详细内容

  crontab -r //删除没个用户的cron服务

  crontab -e //编辑某个用户的cron服务

  比如说root查看自己的cron设置:crontab -u root -l

  再例如,root想删除fred的cron设置:crontab -u fred -r

  在编辑cron服务时,编辑的内容有一些格式和约定,输入:crontab -u root -e

  进入vi编辑模式,编辑的内容一定要符合下面的格式:/1 * * * ls >> /tmp/ls.txt


服务状态控制

/sbin/service crond start //启动服务 

/sbin/service crond stop //关闭服务 

/sbin/service crond restart //重启服务 

/sbin/service crond reload //重新载入配置 

/sbin/service crond status //查看状态

或者使用

# service crond start 

# service crond stop 

# service crond restart 

# service crond reload 

# service crond status


开机启动

你也可以将这个服务在系统启动的时候自动启动: 

在/etc/rc.d/rc.local这个脚本的末尾加上:
/sbin/service crond start
1
1

现在Cron这个服务已经在进程里面了,我们就可以用这个服务了。
内容来自用户分享和网络整理,不保证内容的准确性,如有侵权内容,可联系管理员处理 点击这里给我发消息
标签: